| 1. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 2. |
- Ferrando, Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of oxygen on post-surgical infections during an individualised perioperative open-lung ventilatory strategy : a randomised controlled trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: British Journal of Anaesthesia. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0007-0912 .- 1471-6771. ; 124:1, s. 110-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to examine whether using a high fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) in the context of an individualised intra- and postoperative open-lung ventilation approach could decrease surgical site infection (SSI) in patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. Methods: We performed a multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial in a network of 21 university hospitals from June 6, 2017 to July 19, 2018. Patients undergoing abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to receive a high (0.80) or conventional (0.3) FIO2 during the intraoperative period and during the first 3 postoperative hours. All patients were mechanically ventilated with an open-lung strategy, which included recruitment manoeuvres and individualised positive end-expiratory pressure for the best respiratory-system compliance, and individualised continuous postoperative airway pressure for adequate peripheral oxyhaemoglobin saturation. The primary outcome was the prevalence of SSI within the first 7 postoperative days. The secondary outcomes were composites of systemic complications, length of intensive care and hospital stay, and 6-month mortality. Results: We enrolled 740 subjects: 371 in the high FIO2 group and 369 in the low FIO2 group. Data from 717 subjects were available for final analysis. The rate of SSI during the first postoperative week did not differ between high (8.9%) and low (9.4%) FIO2 groups (relative risk [RR]: 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-1.50; P=0.90]). Secondary outcomes, such as atelectasis (7.7% vs 9.8%; RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.48-1.25; P=0.38) and myocardial ischaemia (0.6% [n=2] vs 0% [n=0]; P=0.47) did not differ between groups. Conclusions: An oxygenation strategy using high FIO2 compared with conventional FIO2 did not reduce postoperative SSIs in abdominal surgery. No differences in secondary outcomes or adverse events were found.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Daza, Iván García, et al.
(författare)
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Sim-to-real transfer and reality gap modeling in model predictive control for autonomous driving
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied Intelligence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7497 .- 0924-669X. ; 53:10, s. 12719-12735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main challenge for the adoption of autonomous driving is to ensure an adequate level of safety. Considering the almost infinite variability of possible scenarios that autonomous vehicles would have to face, the use of autonomous driving simulators is becoming of utmost importance. Simulation suites allow the used of automated validation techniques in a wide variety of scenarios, and enable the development of closed-loop validation methods, such as machine learning and reinforcement learning approaches. However, simulation tools suffer from a standing flaw in that there is a noticeable gap between the simulation conditions and real-world scenarios. Although the use of simulators powers most of the research around autonomous driving, and is generally used within all domains it is divided into, there is an inherent source of error given the stochastic nature of activities performed in real world, which are unreplicable in computer environments. This paper proposes a new approach to assess the real-to-sim gap for path tracking systems. The aim is to narrow down the sources of error between simulation results and real-world conditions, and to evaluate the performance of the simulation suite in the design process by employing the information extracted from gap analysis, which adds a new dimension of development against other approaches for autonomous driving. A real-time model predictive controller (MPC) based on adaptive potential fields was developed and validated using the CARLA simulator. Both the path planning and vehicle control systems where tested in real traffic conditions. The error between the simulator and the real data acquisition was evaluated using the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and the max normalized cross-correlation (MNCC). The controller was further evaluated on a process of sim-to-real transfer, and was finally tested both in simulation and real traffic conditions. A comparison was performed against an optimal-control ILQR-based model predictive controller was carried out to further showcase the validity of this approach.
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| 5. |
- Hidalgo, Ruben A., et al.
(författare)
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ON THE CONNECTIVITY OF THE BRANCH LOCUS OF THE SCHOTTKY SPACE
- 2014
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Ingår i: Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae Mathematica. - : Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia (Finnish Academy of Science and Letters) / Academia Scientiarum Fennica. - 1239-629X .- 1798-2383. ; 39:2, s. 635-654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Let M be a handlebody of genus g greater than= 2. The space T(M), that parametrizes marked Kleinian structures on M up to isomorphisms, can be identified with the space MSg, of marked Schottky groups of rank g, so it carries a structure of complex manifold of finite dimension 3(g - 1). The space M(M) parametrizing Kleinian structures on M up to isomorphisms, can be identified with S-g, the Schottky space of rank g, and it carries the structure of a complex orbifold. In these identifications, the projection map pi: T(M) -greater than M(M) corresponds to the map from MSg, onto S-g that forgets the marking. In this paper we observe that the singular locus B(M) of M(M), that is, the branch locus of pi, has (i) exactly two connected components for g = 2, (ii) at most two connected components for g greater than= 4 even, and (iii) M(M) is connected for g greater than= 3 odd.
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| 6. |
- Hidalgo, Ruben, et al.
(författare)
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Cyclic-Schottky strata of Schottky groups
- 2024
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society. - 0024-6093 .- 1469-2120.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SchottkyspaceSg,whereg≥2isaninteger,isaconnectedcomplexorbifold of dimension 3(g − 1); it provides a parametrization of the PSL2(C)-conjugacy classes of Schottky groups Γ of rank g. The branch locus Bg ⊂ Sg, consisting of those conjugacy classes of Schottky groups being a finite index proper normal subgroup of some Kleinian group, is known to be connected. If [Γ] ∈ Bg, then there is a Kleinian group K containing Γ as a normal subgroup of index some prime integer p ≥ 2. The structural description, in terms of Klein-Maskit Combination Theorems, of such a group K is completely determined by a triple (t, r, s), where t, r, s ≥ 0 are integers such that g = p(t + r + s − 1) + 1 − r. For each such a tuple (g, p; t, r, s) there is a corresponding cyclic-Schottky stratum F(g, p; t, r, s) ⊂ Bg. It is known that F(g, 2; t, r, s) is connected. In this paper, for p ≥ 3, we study the connectivity of these F(g, p; t, r, s).
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| 7. |
- Izquierdo, Milagros, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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On the connectedness of the Branch locus of the Schottky space
- 2018
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Ingår i: Albanian Journal of Mathematics. - White Lake, MI United States : Aulonna Press. - 1930-1235. ; 12:1, s. 131-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schottky space Sg is the space that parametrizes PSL2(C)-conjugacy classes of Schottky groups of rank g ≥ 2. The branch locus Bg consists of the conjugacy classes of those Schottky groups which are a finite index proper subgroup of some Kleinian group. In a previous paper we observed that Bg was connected for g ≥ 3 odd and that it has at most two components for g ≥ 4 even. In this short note, we observe that Bg is always connected.
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| 8. |
- Prusakov, Pavel, et al.
(författare)
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A global point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use in neonatal intensive care units : The no-more-antibiotics and resistance (NO-MAS-R) study
- 2021
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Ingår i: eClinicalMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2589-5370. ; 32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Global assessment of antimicrobial agents prescribed to infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may inform antimicrobial stewardship efforts.Methods: We conducted a one-day global point prevalence study of all antimicrobials provided to NICU infants. Demographic, clinical, and microbiologic data were obtained including NICU level, census, birth weight, gestational/chronologic age, diagnoses, antimicrobial therapy (reason for use; length of therapy), antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), and 30-day in-hospital mortality.Findings: On July 1, 2019, 26% of infants (580/2,265; range, 0-100%; median gestational age, 33 weeks; median birth weight, 1800 g) in 84 NICUs (51, high-income; 33, low-to-middle income) from 29 countries (14, high-income; 15, low-to-middle income) in five continents received >= 1 antimicrobial agent (92%, antibacterial; 19%, antifungal; 4%, antiviral). The most common reasons for antibiotic therapy were "rule-out" sepsis (32%) and "culture-negative" sepsis (16%) with ampicillin (40%), gentamicin (35%), amikacin (19%), vancomycin (15%), and meropenem (9%) used most frequently. For definitive treatment of presumed/confirmed infection, vancomycin (26%), amikacin (20%), and meropenem (16%) were the most prescribed agents. Length of therapy for culture-positive and "culture-negative" infections was 12 days (median; IQR, 8-14) and 7 days (median; IQR, 5-10), respectively. Mortality was 6% (42%, infection-related). An NICU ASP was associated with lower rate of antibiotic utilization (p = 0.02).Interpretation: Global NICU antibiotic use was frequent and prolonged regardless of culture results. NICU-specific ASPs were associated with lower antibiotic utilization rates, suggesting the need for their implementation worldwide.
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