| 1. |
- Hansen, Preben, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring manual and automatic query formulation in patent IR : Initial query construction and query generation process
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Documentation. - 0022-0418 .- 1758-7379. ; 69:6, s. 873-898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – This study aims to examine manually formulated queries and automatic query generation in an early phase of a patent “prior art” search.Design/methodology/approach – The study was performed partly within a patent domain setting, involving three professional patent examiners, and partly in the context of the CLEF 2009 Intellectual Property (CLEF-IP) track. For the exploratory study of user-based query formulation, three patent examiners performed the same three simulated real-life patent tasks. For the automatic query generation, a simple term-weighting algorithm based on the RATF formula was used. The manually and automatically created queries were compared to analyse what kinds of keywords and from which parts of the patent documents were selected.Findings – For user-formulated queries, it was found that patent documents were read in a specific order of importance and that the time varied. Annotations and collaboration were made while reading and selecting/ranking terms. Ranking terms was experienced to be harder than selecting terms. For the automatic formulated queries, it was found that the term frequencies used in the RATF alone will not quite approximate what terms will be judged as relevant query terms by the users. Simultaneously, the results suggest that developing a query generation tool for generating initial queries based on patent documents is feasible.Research limitations/implications – These preliminary but informative results need to be viewed in the light that only three patent experts were observed and that a small set of topics was used.Originality/value – It is usually difficult to get access to the setting of the patent domain and the results of the study show that the methodology provided a feasible way to study manual and the manual query formulation of the patent engineer.
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| 2. |
- Pervjakova, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of gestational diabetes mellitus highlights genetic links with type 2 diabetes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 31:19, s. 3377-3391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk of pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes. GDM often reoccurs and is associated with increased risk of subsequent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To improve our understanding of the aetiological factors and molecular processes driving the occurrence of GDM, including the extent to which these overlap with T2D pathophysiology, the GENetics of Diabetes In Pregnancy (GenDIP) Consortium assembled genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of diverse ancestry in a total of 5485 women with GDM and 347 856 without GDM. Through multi-ancestry meta-analysis, we identified five loci with genome-wide significant association (p < 5x10-8) with GDM, mapping to/near MTNR1B (p = 4.3x10-54), TCF7L2 (p = 4.0x10-16), CDKAL1 (p = 1.6 × 10-14), CDKN2A-CDKN2B (p = 4.1x10-9) and HKDC1 (p = 2.9x10-8). Multiple lines of evidence pointed to the shared pathophysiology of GDM and T2D: (i) four of the five GDM loci (not HKDC1) have been previously reported at genome-wide significance for T2D; (ii) significant enrichment for associations with GDM at previously reported T2D loci; (iii) strong genetic correlation between GDM and T2D; and (iv) enrichment of GDM associations mapping to genomic annotations in diabetes-relevant tissues and transcription factor binding sites. Mendelian randomisation analyses demonstrated significant causal association (5% false discovery rate) of higher body mass index on increased GDM risk. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that GDM and T2D are part of the same underlying pathology but that, as exemplified by the HKDC1 locus, there are genetic determinants of GDM that are specific to glucose regulation in pregnancy.
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| 3. |
- Ferro, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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PROMISE Retreat Report Prospects and Opportunities for Information Access Evaluation
- 2013
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Ingår i: ACM SIGIR Forum. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 0163-5840 .- 1558-0229. ; 46:2, s. 60-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The PROMISE network of excellence organized a two-days brainstorming workshop on 30th and 31st May 2012 in Padua, Italy, to discuss and envisage future directions and perspectives for the evaluation of information access and retrieval systems in multiple languages and multiple media. This document reports on the outcomes of this event and provides details about the six envisaged research lines: search applications; contextual evaluation; challenges in test collection design and exploitation; component-based evaluation; ongoing evaluation; and signal-aware evaluation. The ultimate goal of the PROMISE retreat is to stimulate and involve the research community along these research lines and to provide funding agencies with effective and scientifically sound ideas for coordinating and supporting information access research.
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| 4. |
- Friberg Heppin, Karin, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Assessors assessing assessments
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Louhi Workshop on Health Document Text Mining and Information Analysis (Louhi 2013).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarizes a questionnaire put to assessors of a medical test collection adjusted to user groups: health care professionals and lay persons. Three assessors were medical students, while two had no medical training. The study shows how persons with different level of expertise may reason when assigning relevance and target groups. A clear bias was found toward assigning target group of documents and topics to the assessors' own group.
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| 5. |
- Friberg Heppin, Karin, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Improving Search Results for Medical Experts and Laypersons
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of CLEFeHealth 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a domain such as medicine, it is important that individuals’ infor-mation needs are met with information on a suitable level of difficulty and ex-pertise. This paper focuses on facilitating medical information access through reformulating queries and re-ranking result lists utilizing features typical for the language written for professionals or for laypersons. The aim is to produce re-sult lists where the ranking is better suited for the expertise level of the user. We will explore the possibility of using features such as trigger phrases for que-ry reformulation and document length, average word length or compound ratio for re-ranking. The Swedish medical IR test collection, MedEval, from Språkbanken, Uni-versity of Gothenburg, will be used to find features specific for professional language and lay language and to study the effectiveness of these features in re-formulating queries and re-ranking search results based on the target group. The test collection contains 42,250 documents from the medical corpus MedLex , collected from all types of written medical information found in electronic for-mat, except patient records. The collection contains 62 topics. In total, 7,044 documents have been assessed both for relevance to these topics and for tar-get group. Our experiments will be based on earlier explorative studies on medical ex-pert and lay language where some features were identified. It was found that documents written for professionals tended to have more tokens per document, longer words, and more compounds than lay documents.
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| 6. |
- Hansen, Preben, et al.
(författare)
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A Use Case Framework for Information Access Evaluation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Professional Search in the Modern World. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319125107 - 9783319125114 ; , s. 6-22
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information access is no longer only a question of retrieving topical text documents in a work-task related context. Information search has become one of the most common uses of the personal computers; a daily task for millions of individual users searching for information motivated by information needs they experience for some reason, momentarily or continuously. Instead of professionally edited text documents, multilingual and multimedia content from a variety of sources of varying quality needs to be accessed. Even the scope of the research efforts in the field must therefore be broadened to better capture the mechanisms for the systems’ impact, take-up and success in the marketplace. Much work has been carried out in this direction: graded relevance, and new evaluation metrics, more varied document collections used in evaluation and different search tasks evaluated. The research in the field is however fragmented. Despite that the need for a common evaluation framework is widely acknowledged, such framework is still not in place. IR system evaluation results are not regularly validated in Interactive IR or field studies; the infrastructure for generalizing Interactive IR results over tasks, users and collections is still missing. This chapter presents a use case-based framework for experimental design in the field of interactive information access. Use cases in general connect system design and evaluation to interaction and user goals, and help identifying test cases for different user groups of a system. We suggest that use cases can provide a useful link even between information access system usage and evaluation mechanisms and thus bring together research from the different related research fields. In this chapter we discuss how use cases can guide the developments of rich models of users, domains, environments, and interaction, and make explicit how the models are connected to benchmarking mechanisms. We give examples of the central features of the different models. The framework is highlighted by examples that sketch out how the framework can be productively used in experimental design and reporting with a minimal threshold for adoption.
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| 7. |
- Karlgren, Jussi, et al.
(författare)
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Initial specification of the evaluation tasks "Use cases to bridge validation and benchmarking" PROMISE Deliverable 2.1
- 2011. - 7
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Evaluation of multimedia and multilingual information access systems needs to be performed from a usage oriented perspective. This document outlines use cases from the three use case domains of the PROMISE project and gives some initial pointers to how their respective characteristics can be extrapolated to determine and guide evaluation activities, both with respect to benchmarking and to validation of the usage hypotheses. The use cases will be developed further during the course of the evaluation activities and workshops projected to occur in coming CLEF conferences.
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| 8. |
- Ronkainen, Justiina, et al.
(författare)
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LongITools: Dynamic longitudinal exposome trajectories in cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Epidemiology. - 2474-7882. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current epidemics of cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases have emerged alongside dramatic modifications in lifestyle and living environments. These correspond to changes in our "modern" postwar societies globally characterized by rural-to-urban migration, modernization of agricultural practices, and transportation, climate change, and aging. Evidence suggests that these changes are related to each other, although the social and biological mechanisms as well as their interactions have yet to be uncovered. LongITools, as one of the 9 projects included in the European Human Exposome Network, will tackle this environmental health equation linking multidimensional environmental exposures to the occurrence of cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases.
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| 9. |
- Vogelezang, Suzanne, et al.
(författare)
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Novel loci for childhood body mass index and shared heritability with adult cardiometabolic traits.
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 16:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic background of childhood body mass index (BMI), and the extent to which the well-known associations of childhood BMI with adult diseases are explained by shared genetic factors, are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of BMI in 61,111 children aged between 2 and 10 years. Twenty-five independent loci reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and replication analyses. Two of these, located near NEDD4L and SLC45A3, have not previously been reported in relation to either childhood or adult BMI. Positive genetic correlations of childhood BMI with birth weight and adult BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes were detected (Rg ranging from 0.11 to 0.76, P-values <0.002). A negative genetic correlation of childhood BMI with age at menarche was observed. Our results suggest that the biological processes underlying childhood BMI largely, but not completely, overlap with those underlying adult BMI. The well-known observational associations of BMI in childhood with cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood may reflect partial genetic overlap, but in light of previous evidence, it is also likely that they are explained through phenotypic continuity of BMI from childhood into adulthood.
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