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- Andreou, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac left ventricular ejection fraction in men and women with schizophrenia on long-term antipsychotic treatment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Schizophrenia Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-9964 .- 1573-2509. ; 218, s. 226-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with schizophrenia exhibit a higher cardiovascular mortality compared to the general population which has been attributed to life-style factors, genetic susceptibility and antipsychotic medication. Recent echocardiographic studies have pointed to an association between clozapine treatment and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), a measure that has been inversely associated with adverse outcomes including all-cause mortality. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is considered the reference method for LVEF measurement. The aim of the present study was to investigate the LVEF in patients with schizophrenia on long-term treatment with antipsychotics and healthy controls. Twenty-nine adult patients with schizophrenia on long-term medication with antipsychotics and 27 age-, sex- and body mass index-matched healthy controls (mean ages 44 and 45 years, respectively) were recruited from outpatient psychiatric clinics in Uppsala, Sweden. The participants were interviewed and underwent physical examination, biochemical analyses, electrocardiogram and CMR. Men with schizophrenia on long-term antipsychotic treatment showed significantly lower LVEF than controls (p = 0.0076), whereas no such difference was evident among women (p = 0.44). Specifically, clozapine-treated male patients had 10.6% lower LVEF than male controls (p = 0.0064), whereas the LVEF was 5.5% below that of controls among male patients treated with non-clozapine antipsychotics (p = 0.047). Among medicated men with schizophrenia, we found significantly lower LVEF compared to healthy individuals, suggesting the need of routine cardiac monitoring in this patient group. This is the first study showing a significant negative association between treatment with non-clozapine antipsychotics and LVEF.
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- Geers, Christine, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Properties of Alumina/Chromia Scales in N2-Containing Low Oxygen Activity Environment Investigated by Experiment and Theory
- 2017
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Ingår i: Oxidation of Metals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4889 .- 0030-770X. ; 87:3-4, s. 321-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The FeCrAl alloy Kanthal APMT™ was exposed to N2–5%H2 at 900 °C. Trace oxygen in the gases supplied an oxygen activity which was sufficient to render alumina and chromia thermodynamically stable. The exposures revealed that the oxide scale was penetrated by nitrogen exclusively at chromia domains. Microscopic analyses of the oxide scale did not reveal micro-cracks that could serve as points-of-entry for nitrogen. Instead it is suggested that nitrogen is transported through a dense chromia layer. Density functional theory was employed to investigate decisive nitrogen surface chemistry and transport properties in chromia and alumina. The study was used to validate that the complex redox chemistry of Cr3+ as opposed to Al3+ is a sufficient discriminating factor between alumina and chromia, facilitating N2 dissociation and mobility of N in chromia.
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- Mortazavi Seyedeh, Nooshin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Interplay of water and reactive elements in oxidation of alumina-forming alloys
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4660 .- 1476-1122. ; 17:7, s. 610-617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-temperature alloys are crucial to many important technologies that underpin our civilization. All these materials rely on forming an external oxide layer (scale) for corrosion protection. Despite decades of research on oxide scale growth, many open questions remain, including the crucial role of the so-called reactive elements and water. Here, we reveal the hitherto unknown interplay between reactive elements and water during alumina scale growth, causing a metastable ‘messy’ nano-structured alumina layer to form. We propose that reactive-element-decorated, hydroxylated interfaces between alumina nanograins enable water to access an inner cathode in the bottom of the scale, at odds with the established scale growth scenario. As evidence, hydride-nanodomains and reactive element/hydrogen (deuterium) co-variation are observed in the alumina scale. The defectrich alumina subsequently recrystallizes to form a protective scale. First-principles modelling is also performed to validate the RE effect. Our findings open up promising avenues in oxidation research and suggest ways to improve alloy properties.
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