| 1. |
- Ghalwash, Mohamed, et al.
(författare)
-
Islet autoantibody screening in at-risk adolescents to predict type 1 diabetes until young adulthood : a prospective cohort study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health. - 2352-4642. ; 7:4, s. 261-268
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Screening for islet autoantibodies in children and adolescents identifies individuals who will later develop type 1 diabetes, allowing patient and family education to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis at onset and to enable consideration of preventive therapies. We aimed to assess whether islet autoantibody screening is effective for predicting type 1 diabetes in adolescents aged 10−18 years with an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Methods: Data were harmonised from prospective studies from Finland (the Diabetes Prediction and Prevention study), Germany (the BABYDIAB study), and the USA (Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young and the Diabetes Evaluation in Washington study). Autoantibodies against insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and insulinoma-associated protein 2 were measured at each follow-up visit. Children who were lost to follow-up or diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 10 years of age were excluded. Inverse probability censoring weighting was used to include data from remaining participants. Sensitivity and the positive predictive value of these autoantibodies, tested at one or two ages, to predict type 1 diabetes by the age of 18 years were the main outcomes. Findings: Of 20 303 children with an increased type 1 diabetes risk, 8682 were included for the analysis with inverse probability censoring weighting. 1890 were followed up to 18 years of age or developed type 1 diabetes between the ages of 10 years and 18 years, and their median follow-up was 18·3 years (IQR 14·5–20·3). 442 (23·4%) of 1890 adolescents were positive for at least one islet autoantibody, and 262 (13·9%) developed type 1 diabetes. Time from seroconversion to diabetes diagnosis increased by 0·64 years (95% CI 0·34–0·95) for each 1-year increment of diagnosis age (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0·88, 95% CI 0·50–0·97, p=0·0020). The median interval between the last prediagnostic sample and diagnosis was 0·3 years (IQR 0·1–1·3) in the 227 participants who were autoantibody positive and 6·8 years (1·6–9·9) for the 35 who were autoantibody negative. Single screening at the age of 10 years was 90% (95% CI 86–95) sensitive, with a positive predictive value of 66% (60–72) for clinical diabetes. Screening at two ages (10 years and 14 years) increased sensitivity to 93% (95% CI 89–97) but lowered the positive predictive value to 55% (49–60). Interpretation: Screening of adolescents at risk for type 1 diabetes only once at 10 years of age for islet autoantibodies was highly effective to detect type 1 diabetes by the age of 18 years, which in turn could enable prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis and participation in secondary prevention trials. Funding: JDRF International.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hammar, Petter, et al.
(författare)
-
Single-cell screening of photosynthetic growth and lactate production by cyanobacteria
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : BioMed Central. - 1754-6834. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Photosynthetic cyanobacteria are attractive for a range of biotechnological applications including biofuel production. However, due to slow growth, screening of mutant libraries using microtiter plates is not feasible. Results: We present a method for high-throughput, single-cell analysis and sorting of genetically engineered l-lactate-producing strains of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. A microfluidic device is used to encapsulate single cells in picoliter droplets, assay the droplets for L-lactate production, and sort strains with high productivity. We demonstrate the separation of low- and high-producing reference strains, as well as enrichment of a more productive L-lactate-synthesizing population after UV-induced mutagenesis. The droplet platform also revealed population heterogeneity in photosynthetic growth and lactate production, as well as the presence of metabolically stalled cells. Conclusions: The workflow will facilitate metabolic engineering and directed evolution studies and will be useful in studies of cyanobacteria biochemistry and physiology.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hinchcliffe, James, et al.
(författare)
-
High protein requirements of juvenile Atlantic wolffish, Anarhichas lupus : Effects of dietary protein levels on growth, health, and welfare
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Fish Biology. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the present study was to investigate the optimal dietary protein requirement and the effect of varying protein levels on the growth and health of juvenile, wild-caught Atlantic wolffish, Anarhichas lupus, a promising candidate for cold-water aquaculture diversification. Six iso-energetic (ca. 18.3 MJ kg−1), fish meal-based experimental diets were formulated with crude protein levels ranging from 35% to 60%, with graded increments of 5% in a 12-week feeding trial in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and condition factor (K) were evaluated in response to dietary protein levels. Liver, muscle, and blood parameters were assessed for possible changes in protein and lipid metabolism and welfare. Overall growth was highly variable throughout the experiment on all diets, as expected for a wild population. The feed with highest in protein (60%) inclusion resulted in the highest growth rates, with an average weight gain of 37.4% ± 33.8% and an SGR of 0.31% ± 0.2% day−1. This was closely followed by feeds with 55% and 50% protein inclusion with an average weight gain of 22.9% ± 34.8% and 28.5% ± 38.3%, respectively, and an SGR of 0.18% ± 0.3% day−1 and 0.22% ± 0.3% day−1, respectively. Fish fed the high protein diets generally had increased hepatic lipid deposition (17%–18%) and reduced free fatty acid levels (3.1–6.8 μmol L−1) in the plasma relative to fish that were fed the lower protein diets (35%–45%). No effects of diet were found on plasma protein levels or muscle protein content. Furthermore, stress parameters such as plasma cortisol and glucose levels were unaffected by diet, as were plasma ghrelin levels. Overall, these results suggest that a high protein inclusion in the diet for Atlantic wolffish is required to sustain growth with a minimum protein level of 50%.s.
|
|
| 4. |
- Hinchcliffe, James, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
High protein requirements of juvenile Atlantic wolffish, Anarhichas lupus: Effects of dietary protein levels on growth, health, and welfare
- 2024
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the present study was to investigate the optimal dietary protein requirement and the effect of varying protein levels on the growth and health of juvenile, wild-caught Atlantic wolffish, Anarhichas lupus, a promising candidate for cold-water aquaculture diversification. Six iso-energetic (ca. 18.3 MJ kg(-1)), fish meal-based experimental diets were formulated with crude protein levels ranging from 35% to 60%, with graded increments of 5% in a 12-week feeding trial in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and condition factor (K) were evaluated in response to dietary protein levels. Liver, muscle, and blood parameters were assessed for possible changes in protein and lipid metabolism and welfare. Overall growth was highly variable throughout the experiment on all diets, as expected for a wild population. The feed with highest in protein (60%) inclusion resulted in the highest growth rates, with an average weight gain of 37.4% +/- 33.8% and an SGR of 0.31% +/- 0.2% day-1. This was closely followed by feeds with 55% and 50% protein inclusion with an average weight gain of 22.9% +/- 34.8% and 28.5% +/- 38.3%, respectively, and an SGR of 0.18% +/- 0.3% day(-1 )and 0.22% +/- 0.3% day(-1), respectively. Fish fed the high protein diets generally had increased hepatic lipid deposition (17%-18%) and reduced free fatty acid levels (3.1-6.8 mu mol L-1) in the plasma relative to fish that were fed the lower protein diets (35%-45%). No effects of diet were found on plasma protein levels or muscle protein content. Furthermore, stress parameters such as plasma cortisol and glucose levels were unaffected by diet, as were plasma ghrelin levels. Overall, these results suggest that a high protein inclusion in the diet for Atlantic wolffish is required to sustain growth with a minimum protein level of 50%.
|
|
| 5. |
- Holm, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
-
Testing the effects of an intervention aimed to increase civility in Swedish workplaces
- 2023
-
Ingår i: The future is now - the changing world of work.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research goals and why the work was worth doingOver the past two decades, research has demonstrated that workplace incivility is a ubiquitous work environment issue, which can have deleterious consequences for both individuals and organizations (Schilpzand et al., 2016; Cortina et al., 2017). Workplace incivility refers to low-intensity rude behavior in the workplace (Andersson & Pearson, 1999). The effects of incivility can be far-reaching, as it may spread in the workplace (Foulk et al., 2016; Holm et al., 2021). One promising avenue to address incivility has been the use of civility interventions. Actively promoting civility in the workplace may reduce the risk for incivility, and increase civility and respect (Leiter et al., 2011; 2012). However, recent research has shown less consistent results of civility interventions when applied in other cultural contexts than North America (e.g., Sawada et al., 2021), or in other workplaces than hospitals (e.g., Grantham, 2019). More information is therefore needed on the effects of implementing civility interventions in the workplace, particularly exploring mechanisms and moderators in the intervention process. The aim of the present study is to test the effects of an intervention aimed to increase civility in Swedish workplaces. Theoretical backgroundThe present study is based on the principles developed in the Civility, Respect and Engagement in the Workplace (CREW) intervention (Osatuke et al., 2013). CREW was developed by the United States Department of Veteran Affairs in 2005. CREW was a culture-based workplace intervention promoting civility in the workplace in the departments’ VA-hospitals, with documented successful outcomes (Osatuke et al., 2009). Two research studies tested the effect of the CREW intervention in hospitals in North America, showing both short- and long-term effects of the intervention on workplace behavior, attitudes, and absence (Leiter et al., 2011; 2012). However, little is still known about how civility interventions operate in other contexts than hospitals, and which mechanisms or boundary conditions that influence the impact of civility interventions. Design/Methodology/Approach/InterventionThe present study has a quasi-experimental waitlist-control design. Participating workplaces are assigned to one of two conditions, an intervention condition or waitlist. The intervention group participates in a series of monthly workshops during the period of September 2022 – January 2023. The workshops address topics such as workplace culture, with the aim to promote workplace civility and reduce the risk of workplace incivility. The waitlist serves as the control group. Pre- and post-surveys are conducted to investigate possible effects of the intervention on measures of workplace (in)civility, norms for civility, social work environment factors, as well as work-related well-being. Results (expected)Baseline survey data have currently been gathered from about 200 individuals across 13 workplaces in a Swedish municipality. The intervention group is currently undergoing the workshop series. The follow up post-survey is planned for January of 2023. When post-measures have been completed, possible change in measures of workplace civility, norms for civility, and workplace incivility will be explored. Change in social work environment factors, as well as work-related well-being, will also be explored. The intervention is expected to result in increased civility and norms for civility, as well as reduced incivility over time. LimitationsWorkplaces were not assigned to the intervention or control condition via cluster randomization. Instead, it was based on practical aspects such as feasibility and scheduling in the participating organizations. Moreover, the follow-up measure is carried out only a few weeks after completion of the final workshop. Possible effects on behavior or well-being may take longer time to develop. Lastly, the measures are self-reported by participants. Conclusions – research and or practical implications/Originality/ValueResults from the post-measure surveys will be presented at the congress. The originality of the project lies in exploring the effects of an updated version of a civility intervention, in a context outside of hospital settings in North America. The study will also provide information about potential mechanisms and moderators involved in the intervention process. Practically, the knowledge that results from the study could be of use in future attempts to improve the social work environment in workplaces by working with the workplace culture. Relevance to the Congress ThemeThe study is relevant to several of the congress themes, e.g. 6. Group dynamics, 8. Organizational design and development, 15. Stress and dysfunction, and 18. Well-being. Relevant UN SDGsGoal 3. Good health and well-beingGoal 8. Decent work and economic growth
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Saldert, Charlotta, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Combining methods in the assessment and analysis of communication in aphasia: Benefits and shortcomings of different approaches
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders. - : Equinox Publishing. - 2040-512X .- 2040-5111. ; 3:2, s. 141-169
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this case study the benefit of using analysis of conversational interaction in clinical assessment of communication is explored. A diagnostic test revealed a severe global aphasia in a man. However, according to a questionnaire filled out by the wife, her husband had some functional communication. The description of the consequences of aphasia in this man was further modified and enriched by analyses of conversational interaction between the man and his spouse. The Measure of Participation in Conversation and the Measure of Skill in Supported Conversation show that the couple has strategies that facilitate communication. Activity-based Communication Analysis provides information about how the strategies are used and about the influence of different factors brought into the interaction by the situation and the individuals involved. Thus, although time consuming, analysis of natural conversations provide valid information that is of importance in assessment of communication and implementation of intervention that can have an impact on everyday life in persons with aphasia and their conversation partners.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Strandh, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Natural selection acts on floral traits associated with selfing rate among populations of Mixed-Mating collinsia heterophylla (Plantaginaceae)
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Plant Sciences. - : University of Chicago Press. - 1058-5893 .- 1537-5315. ; 178:8, s. 594-606
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Premise of research. A major aim in plant research is to understand the micro-and macroevolutionary processes generating the great diversity of mating systems and floral traits found in flowering plants. Using Collinsia heterophylla, a mixed-mating species in a genus with described variation in selfing rate and associated floral traits among species, we investigated (i) intraspecific selfing rate variation in relation to variation in environmental factors and floral traits and (ii) whether selection or genetic drift determine floral trait variation. Methodology. We estimated selfing rate in 21 Californian populations by means of microsatellite markers and investigated its relationship with sampling region, altitude, population ground cover, stage of stigma receptivity, stage of anther-stigma contact (indicating stage of self-pollination), flower size, and start of flowering. Phenotypic floral trait differentiation (PST) for the floral traits was contrasted with neutral genetic differentiation (FST). Pivotal results. The population selfing rate ranged between 0.16 and 0.71 and differed between regions, but it did not correlate with environmental factors. The best predictor of high selfing rate was early stigma receptivity. Stage of anther-stigma contact showed a nonlinear quadratic relation with selfing rate. PST was substantially higher than FST in the four traits, suggesting that variation in mating-related floral traits is shaped by natural selection. Conclusions. The importance of stage of stigma receptivity for predicting selfing rate in C. heterophylla is in line with the pattern found among Collinsia species, potentially indicating that microevolutionary processes in mixed mating influence macroevolutionary processes. The detected effect of natural selection acting on stage of stigma receptivity, in combination with previously detected genetic influence on this trait, gives support to the hypothesis that variability in mating system is adaptive.
|
|
