| 1. |
- Berndtsson, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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Drivers of changing urban flood risk : A framework for action
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 240, s. 47-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on drivers for changing urban flood risk. We suggest a framework for guiding climate change adaptation action concerning flood risk and manageability in cities. The identified key drivers of changing flood hazard and vulnerability are used to provide an overview of each driver's impact on flood risk and manageability at the city level. We find that identified drivers for urban flood risk can be grouped in three different priority areas with different time horizon. The first group has high impact but is manageable at city level. Typical drivers in this group are related to the physical environment such as decreasing permeability and unresponsive engineering. The second group of drivers is represented by public awareness and individual willingness to participate and urbanization and urban sprawl. These drivers may be important and are manageable for the cities and they involve both short-term and long-term measures. The third group of drivers is related to policy and long-term changes. This group is represented by economic growth and increasing values at risk, climate change, and increasing complexity of society. They have all high impact but low manageability. Managing these drivers needs to be done in a longer time perspective, e.g., by developing long-term policies and exchange of ideas.
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| 2. |
- Byström, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of a New Plate Thermometer - The Copper Disc Plate Thermometer
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Fire Safety Symposium 2015. - : International Fire Safety Symposium. ; , s. 453-460
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two temperatures govern heat transfer to a surface of a solid body. One is the gas temperature which can be measured with thermocouples (TC) and the other the black body radiation temperature. The latter can also be expressed as the incident radiant heat flux. It is difficult to measure as radiometers cannot be used under hot fire conditions. Indirectly the radiation temperature can be obtained by measuring the Adiabatic Surface Temperature (AST) with plate thermometers (PT) for example as defined in the fire resistance furnace standards EN 1363-1 and ISO-834-1 combined with measurements of gas temperature with thin TC. In the test reported here a smaller gauge is used to measure adiabatic surface temperature at surfaces. It has been named copper disc Plate Thermometer (cdPT). Then a thin copper disc with an attached TC is mounted flush at the surface to obtain the AST in e.g. cone calorimeters according to ISO 5660. A main advantage of the cdPT is that it can record the AST before as well after a material has ignited. It can thereby be used to indicate ignition as well as continue recording the thermal exposure thereafter when ignition occurs the cdPT reacts immediately by displaying a quick temperature rise.
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| 3. |
- Eliasson, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Hypoxia mediates low cell-cycle activity and increases the proportion of long-term reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells during in vitro culture
- 2010
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Ingår i: Experimental Hematology. - : Elsevier. - 0301-472X .- 1873-2399. ; 38:4, s. 301-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Recent evidence suggests that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) are located in areas where the environment is hypoxic. Although previous studies have demonstrated positive effects by hypoxia, its role in HSC maintenance has not been fully elucidated, neither has the molecular mechanisms been delineated. Here, we have investigated the consequence of in vitro incubation of HSCs in hypoxia prior to transplantation and analyzed the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha. Materials and Methods. HSC and progenitor populations isolated from mouse BM were cultured in 20% or 1% O-2, and analyzed for effects on cell cycle, expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors genes, and reconstituting ability to lethally irradiated mice. The involvement of HIF-1 alpha was studied using methods of protein stabilization and gene silencing. Results. When long-term FLT3(-)CD34(-)Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+) (LSK) cells were cultured in hypoxia, cell numbers were significantly reduced in comparison to normoxia. This was due to a decrease in proliferation and more cells accumulating in G(0). Moreover, the proportion of HSCs with long-term engraftment potential was increased. Whereas expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes p21(cip1), p27(Kip1), and p57(Kip2) increased in LSK cells by hypoxia, only p21(cip1) was upregulated in FLT3(-)CD34(-)LSK cells. We could demonstrate that expression of p27(KiP1) and p57(Kip2) was dependent of HIF-1 alpha. Surprisingly, overexpression of constitutively active HIF-1 alpha or treatment with the HIF stabilizer agent FG-4497 led to a reduction in HSC reconstituting ability. Conclusions. Our results imply that hypoxia, in part via HIF-1 alpha, maintains HSCs by decreasing proliferation and favoring quiescence.
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| 4. |
- Fischer, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Pathogen specific, IRF3-dependent signaling and innate resistance to human kidney infection.
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLoS pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7374 .- 1553-7366. ; 6:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mucosal immune system identifies and fights invading pathogens, while allowing non-pathogenic organisms to persist. Mechanisms of pathogen/non-pathogen discrimination are poorly understood, as is the contribution of human genetic variation in disease susceptibility. We describe here a new, IRF3-dependent signaling pathway that is critical for distinguishing pathogens from normal flora at the mucosal barrier. Following uropathogenic E. coli infection, Irf3(-/-) mice showed a pathogen-specific increase in acute mortality, bacterial burden, abscess formation and renal damage compared to wild type mice. TLR4 signaling was initiated after ceramide release from glycosphingolipid receptors, through TRAM, CREB, Fos and Jun phosphorylation and p38 MAPK-dependent mechanisms, resulting in nuclear translocation of IRF3 and activation of IRF3/IFNβ-dependent antibacterial effector mechanisms. This TLR4/IRF3 pathway of pathogen discrimination was activated by ceramide and by P-fimbriated E. coli, which use ceramide-anchored glycosphingolipid receptors. Relevance of this pathway for human disease was supported by polymorphic IRF3 promoter sequences, differing between children with severe, symptomatic kidney infection and children who were asymptomatic bacterial carriers. IRF3 promoter activity was reduced by the disease-associated genotype, consistent with the pathology in Irf3(-/-) mice. Host susceptibility to common infections like UTI may thus be strongly influenced by single gene modifications affecting the innate immune response.
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| 5. |
- Grundström, Christina, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Acquisitions of innovative firms and their impact on customer access
- 2005
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Ingår i: Modular innovation in mature structures -. - Linköping : Linköpings universitet. - 9185457124 ; , s. P3:3-P3:30
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The field ofinterest in this study is modular innovation. This type ofinnovation replaces an old part of an existing product or adds newfunctionality to an existing product. Modular innovations areimportant to increase the performance of an existing product andretain the competitiveness of the product. The purpose of thisthesis is to suggest some explanatory factors that can influencehow and if modular innovation, which adds new functionality to anexisting product, can become adopted within a mature industry. Toachieve this purpose the analysis has been divided in two levels.The first level analyses how the modular innovation fits with theproduct architecture of the final product. The second levelanalyses how the industrial structures within the industry affectsthe possibilities for an entrant firm to establish oneself as a newsupplier. The empirical data is collected from the automotiveindustry. The study is based on in-depthinterviews.
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| 6. |
- Hammar, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Single-cell screening of photosynthetic growth and lactate production by cyanobacteria
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : BioMed Central. - 1754-6834. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Photosynthetic cyanobacteria are attractive for a range of biotechnological applications including biofuel production. However, due to slow growth, screening of mutant libraries using microtiter plates is not feasible. Results: We present a method for high-throughput, single-cell analysis and sorting of genetically engineered l-lactate-producing strains of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. A microfluidic device is used to encapsulate single cells in picoliter droplets, assay the droplets for L-lactate production, and sort strains with high productivity. We demonstrate the separation of low- and high-producing reference strains, as well as enrichment of a more productive L-lactate-synthesizing population after UV-induced mutagenesis. The droplet platform also revealed population heterogeneity in photosynthetic growth and lactate production, as well as the presence of metabolically stalled cells. Conclusions: The workflow will facilitate metabolic engineering and directed evolution studies and will be useful in studies of cyanobacteria biochemistry and physiology.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hordoir, Robinson, et al.
(författare)
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Nemo-Nordic 1.0 : a NEMO-based ocean model for the Baltic and North seas - research and operational applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geoscientific Model Development. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1991-959X .- 1991-9603. ; 12:1, s. 363-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present Nemo-Nordic, a Baltic and North Sea model based on the NEMO ocean engine. Surrounded by highly industrialized countries, the Baltic and North seas and their assets associated with shipping, fishing and tourism are vulnerable to anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Ocean models providing reliable forecasts and enabling climatic studies are important tools for the shipping infrastructure and to get a better understanding of the effects of climate change on the marine ecosystems. Nemo-Nordic is intended to be a tool for both short-term and long-term simulations and to be used for ocean forecasting as well as process and climatic studies. Here, the scientific and technical choices within Nemo-Nordic are introduced, and the reasons behind the design of the model and its domain and the inclusion of the two seas are explained. The model's ability to represent barotropic and baroclinic dynamics, as well as the vertical structure of the water column, is presented. Biases are shown and discussed. The short-term capabilities of the model are presented, especially its capabilities to represent sea level on an hourly timescale with a high degree of accuracy. We also show that the model can represent longer timescales, with a focus on the major Baltic inflows and the variability in deep-water salinity in the Baltic Sea.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Höjer, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Major Immune Cell Lineages with DBS-Pro
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Proteins play a pivotal role in cellular function and heterogeneity. Understanding cellular diversity at the proteome level necessitates sensitive single-cell assays with high throughput. While current sequencing-based methods offer promise, they often face limitations, including reliance on expensive and inaccessible commercial platforms. Here, we have adopted the DBS-Pro method, utilizing site-specific oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies, to analyze surface proteins in single cells. The method uses cheap degenerated barcode oligonucleotides and a simple microfluidics setup for cell encapsulation. A sample of PBMCs was examined using a panel targeting six separate immune cell markers. Using this panel we could quantify marker expression on 1,307 cells, identifying major immune cell lineages including CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, monocytes, and B-cells. While recognizing the need for protocol improvements, our results present a promising approach for single-cell proteomics.
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