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Debating Leaderless Management : Can Employees Do Without Leaders
- 2022
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dream of workers prospering without bosses has long intrigued academics, practitioners, and politicians, particularly on the political left. Anarchists have always believed that it’s not just the state but all forms of authority that are coercive and pernicious, and that a libertarian alterna- tive would free workers and create a fundamentally better form of society. Although we can trace the origins of such leaderless forms of existence back to both ancient Chinese and Greek philosophers, they are more usually related to the works of William Godwin, Max Stirner, Proudhon, Bakunin, Kropotkin, Makhno, and the like. In terms of practice, their presence is less obvious, but they were important influencers on the 1871 Paris Commune, the mutiny at Kronstadt in 1921, and of course, in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). But our understanding of how we could organize work without managers is rather less colored by such events and often colored by other forms of romantic nostalgia.So, while the theoretical attempt to distance organizational forms from the moral and ethical dilemmas of conventional hierarchies have continued over time, there are few substantive and scholarly accounts of what these forms might be—or why they might not prove viable. This collection is an attempt to address this lacuna and to establish whether peer-based alternatives to leader–follower hierarchies can work—the first part of the collection; or why they might or might not—the second part; or why they won’t work—the third part. A final chapter considers looking beyond all these debates.
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| 3. |
- Hertel, Frederik, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing the Debate on Leaderless Management
- 2022
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Ingår i: Debating Leaderless Management. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783031045950 - 9783031045936 ; , s. 1-16
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dream of workers prospering without bosses has long intrigued academics, practitioners, and politicians, particularly on the political left. Anarchists have always believed that it’s not just the state but all forms of authority that are coercive and pernicious, and that a libertarian alterna- tive would free workers and create a fundamentally better form of society. Although we can trace the origins of such leaderless forms of existence back to both ancient Chinese and Greek philosophers, they are more usually related to the works of William Godwin, Max Stirner, Proudhon, Bakunin, Kropotkin, Makhno, and the like. In terms of practice, their presence is less obvious, but they were important influencers on the 1871 Paris Commune, the mutiny at Kronstadt in 1921, and of course, in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). But our understanding of how we could organize work without managers is rather less colored by such events and often colored by other forms of romantic nostalgia.So, while the theoretical attempt to distance organizational forms from the moral and ethical dilemmas of conventional hierarchies have continued over time, there are few substantive and scholarly accounts of what these forms might be—or why they might not prove viable. This collection is an attempt to address this lacuna and to establish whether peer-based alternatives to leader–follower hierarchies can work—the first part of the collection; or why they might or might not—the second part; or why they won’t work—the third part. A final chapter considers looking beyond all these debates.
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| 4. |
- Jørgensen, Astrid Sissel, et al.
(författare)
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The C-terminal peptide of CCL21 drastically augments CCL21 activity through the dendritic cell lymph node homing receptor CCR7 by interaction with the receptor N-terminus
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1420-682X .- 1420-9071. ; 78:21-22, s. 6963-6978
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The endogenous chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 signal via their common receptor CCR7. CCL21 is the main lymph node homing chemokine, but a weak chemo-attractant compared to CCL19. Here we show that the 41-amino acid positively charged peptide, released through C-terminal cleavage of CCL21, C21TP, boosts the immune cell recruiting activity of CCL21 by up to 25-fold and the signaling activity via CCR7 by ~ 100-fold. Such boosting is unprecedented. Despite the presence of multiple basic glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding motifs, C21TP boosting of CCL21 signaling does not involve interference with GAG mediated cell-surface retention. Instead, boosting is directly dependent on O-glycosylations in the CCR7 N-terminus. As dictated by the two-step binding model, the initial chemokine binding involves interaction of the chemokine fold with the receptor N-terminus, followed by insertion of the chemokine N-terminus deep into the receptor binding pocket. Our data suggest that apart from a role in initial chemokine binding, the receptor N-terminus also partakes in a gating mechanism, which could give rise to a reduced ligand activity, presumably through affecting the ligand positioning. Based on experiments that support a direct interaction of C21TP with the glycosylated CCR7 N-terminus, we propose that electrostatic interactions between the positively charged peptide and sialylated O-glycans in CCR7 N-terminus may create a more accessible version of the receptor and thus guide chemokine docking to generate a more favorable chemokine-receptor interaction, giving rise to the peptide boosting effect.
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| 5. |
- Knudsen, Søren Tang, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factor management of type 2 diabetic patients in primary care in the Scandinavian countries between 2003 and 2015
- 2021
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Ingår i: Primary Care Diabetes. - : Elsevier BV. - 1751-9918 .- 1878-0210. ; 15:2, s. 262-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To observe and report population demography, comorbidities, risk factor levels and risk factor treatment in a sample of individuals treated for type 2 diabetes in primary care in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Methods: Retrospective observational cohort using extraction of data from electronic medical records linked with national health care registries. Results: Sixty primary care clinics participated with annual cross-sectional data (2003 to 2015). In 2015 the sample consisted of 31,632 individuals. Mean age (64.5–66.8 years) and proportion of women (43–45%) were similar. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in 2015 was 40.7%, 41.6% and 38.0% for Norway, Sweden and Denmark, respectively and 84% to 89% of patients were receiving a pharmacological anti-diabetic treatment. More Danish patients reached targets for HbA1c and LDL cholesterol, while more patients in Sweden and Denmark met the blood pressure target of <130/80 mmHg as compared to Norway. Conclusions: In three comparable public primary health care systems we found a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease and differences in risk factor treatment and attainment of risk factor goals. With recent guideline changes there is potential for further prevention of diabetes complications in primary care in the future.
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| 6. |
- Krause, Lennard, et al.
(författare)
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xrdPlanner : exploring area detector geometries for powder diffraction and total scattering experiments
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 0909-0495. ; 31:Pt 2, s. 394-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- xrdPlanner is a software package designed to aid in the planning and preparation of powder X-ray diffraction and total scattering beam times at synchrotron facilities. Many modern beamlines provide a flexible experimental setup and may have several different detectors available. In combination with a range of available X-ray energies, it often makes it difficult for the user to explore the available parameter space relevant for a given experiment prior to the scheduled beam time. xrdPlanner was developed to provide a fast and straightforward tool that allows users to visualize the accessible part of reciprocal space of their experiment at a given combination of photon energy and detector geometry. To plan and communicate the necessary geometry not only saves time but also helps the beamline staff to prepare and accommodate for an experiment. The program is tailored toward powder X-ray diffraction and total scattering experiments but may also be useful for other experiments that rely on an area detector and for which detector placement and achievable momentum-transfer range are important experimental parameters.
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| 7. |
- Pavlović, Tomislav, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning
- 2022
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Ingår i: PNAS Nexus. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2752-6542 .- 2752-6542. ; 1:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multinational data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 ( = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution-individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar results were found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, and collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-neglible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic.
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| 8. |
- Persson, Frederik, et al.
(författare)
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Different patterns of second-line treatment in type 2 diabetes after metformin monotherapy in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden (D360 Nordic) : A multinational observational study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism. - : Wiley. - 2398-9238. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The understanding of second-line use of glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) in the general population with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment is important as recent results have shown cardiovascular benefits with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA). Our aim was to describe second-line GLD treatment patterns in four Nordic countries.Methods: All T2D patients treated with GLD between 2006 and 2015 were identified in prescribed drug registries in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, and linked with National Patient and Cause of Death Registries. Second-line treatment was defined as a prescription of a second GLD class following ≥6 months of metformin monotherapy. Index was the date of first dispense of the second-line drug.Results: A rapid uptake of newer GLDs (GLP-1RA, DPP-4i and SGLT-2i) over the 10-year observation period was seen in Denmark, Finland and Norway, while slower in Sweden. In 2015, 33,880 (3.1%) of 1,078,692 T2D patients initiated second-line treatment, and newer GLDs were more commonly used in Finland (92%), Norway (71%) and Denmark (70%) vs Sweden (44%). In 2015, the use of older GLDs (insulin and sulphonylureas) was 7-fold greater in Sweden compared to Finland (49% vs 7%), and 1.6-fold greater compared with Denmark and Norway (49% vs 30% and 29%, respectively).Conclusions: Despite comparable demography and healthcare systems in four neighbouring countries, surprisingly large differences in second-line use of newer GLDs were found. With recent evidence of potential cardiovascular benefits with newer GLDs, such differences may have an important impact on cardiovascular outcomes.
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| 9. |
- Shyam, Priyank, et al.
(författare)
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Sintering in seconds, elucidated by millisecond in situ diffraction
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied Materials Today. - 2352-9407. ; 35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Materials, when sintered at high temperatures, undergo structural changes on multiple, hierarchical length scales but getting realtime information on these changes is difficult. To address this challenge, we developed a custom-built sample environment that allows us to investigate the structural evolution of materials during sintering using high-energy two-dimensional synchrotron X-ray diffraction (2D-XRD). Changes in the structure of SrFe12O19 ceramic magnet at multiple length scales were tracked in situ and modelled with millisecond time-resolution. In addition, we also demonstrated the ability to perform quantitative texture analysis from individual 2D-XRD images with a time resolution of 4 ms each. Owing to the high brightness X-ray source and advanced X-ray detectors, the evolution of crystallographic texture could be followed during sintering. This in situ approach can aid understanding of the synthesis–structure–property relationships in sintered materials, enabling the development of improved functional materials.
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