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- Lembrechts, Jonas J., et al.
(författare)
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SoilTemp : A global database of near-surface temperature
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:11, s. 6616-6629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long-term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate-forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing or cold-air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free-air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near-surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near-surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently, this database contains time series from 7,538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way toward an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes.
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- Wu, Zhaofei, et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric brightening counteracts warming-induced delays in autumn phenology of temperate trees in Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 30:12, s. 2477-2487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Ongoing climate warming has been widely reported to delay autumn phenology, which in turn impacts carbon, water, energy and nutrient balances at regional and global scales. However, the underlying mechanisms of autumn phenology responses to climate change have not been fully elucidated. The aims of this study were to determine whether brightening that was defined as the increase of surface solar radiation and warming during recent decades affect autumn phenology in opposite directions and explore the underlying mechanisms. Location: Central Europe. Time period: 1950–2016. Major taxa studied: Four dominant European tree species in central Europe: Aesculus hippocastanum, Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur. Methods: We investigated the temporal trends of leaf senescence, preseason temperature and radiation by separating the period of 1950–2016 into two sub-periods (1950–1982 and 1983–2016) and determined the relationship between temperature, radiation and leaf senescence using partial correlation analysis. Results: We found a significant warming and brightening trend after the 1980s in central Europe, yet this led to only slight delays in leaf senescence that cannot be explained by the well-known positive correlation between leaf senescence and autumn warming. Interestingly, we found opposite effects between warming (partial correlation coefficient, r =.37) and brightening (r = −.23) on leaf senescence. In addition, the temperature sensitivity of leaf senescence decreased with increasing radiation (−5.08 days/℃/108 J/m2). Main conclusions: The results suggested that brightening accelerated the leaf senescence dates, counteracting the warming-induced delays in leaf senescence, which may be attributed to photooxidative stress and/or sink limitation. This emphasizes the need to consider radiation to improve the performance of autumn phenology models.
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- Wu, Zhaofei, et al.
(författare)
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The sensitivity of ginkgo leaf unfolding to the temperature and photoperiod decreases with increasing elevation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1923. ; 315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change substantially affects plant phenology, resulting in earlier vegetation onset across temperate and boreal regions. Phenological shifts caused by warming may alter species interactions across trophic levels because of species-specific responses, and influence the reproductive success of dioecious species if the phenological sensitivity to warming (ST) differs between genders. We used twigs collected from male and female gingko trees at three elevations on Tianmu Mountain in eastern China. The twigs were cultivated in climate chambers to determine the effects of three temperatures (10, 15, and 20 °C) and two photoperiods (8 and 16 h). We observed slightly earlier leaf unfolding dates in male twigs (1 day), and a higher heat requirement (growing degree hours) for leaf unfolding in female (14,334 ± 588 °C) compared to male twigs (13,874 ± 551 °C). Similar responses to temperature (ST = 3.7 days °C−1), photoperiod and elevation were observed across genders. The long photoperiod treatment shortened the time to leaf unfolding by 9.1 days, but temperature and photoperiod effects on leaf unfolding differed significantly depending on the elevation of the donor trees. Specifically, ST was higher (4.17 days °C−1) and the photoperiod effect on ST was larger (decreased by 1.15 days °C−1) at the lowest elevation than at the higher elevations (ST = 3.26 days °C−1; decreased by 0.48 days °C−1). This may be related to environment-induced local adaptations and self-protection mechanisms of trees at high elevations to avoid frost damage. Our results indicate that the photoperiod and genetic adaptations to local environments influenced the warming-induced phenological responses in ginkgo, but these responses were generally similar between the genders. For a given species, individuals in different climates may exhibit different phenological responses to higher temperatures, with individuals in warmer regions likely becoming increasingly limited by the photoperiod as the climate warms further.
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