| 1. |
- Lauritzen, P. H., et al.
(författare)
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Reconciling and Improving Formulations for Thermodynamics and Conservation Principles in Earth System Models (ESMs)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. - 1942-2466. ; 14:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides a comprehensive derivation of the total energy equations for the atmospheric components of Earth System Models (ESMs). The assumptions and approximations made in this derivation are motivated and discussed. In particular, it is emphasized that closing the energy budget is conceptually challenging and hard to achieve in practice without resorting to ad hoc fixers. As a concrete example, the energy budget terms are diagnosed in a realistic climate simulation using a global atmosphere model. The largest total energy errors in this example are spurious dynamical core energy dissipation, thermodynamic inconsistencies (e.g., coupling parameterizations with the host model) and missing processes/terms associated with falling precipitation and evaporation (e.g., enthalpy flux between components). The latter two errors are not, in general, reduced by increasing horizontal resolution. They are due to incomplete thermodynamic and dynamic formulations. Future research directions are proposed to reconcile and improve thermodynamics formulations and conservation principles.
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| 2. |
- Amos, I. G., et al.
(författare)
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Design and off-design optimisation of highly loaded industrial gas turbine stages
- 2004
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311 .- 1873-5606. ; 24:12-nov, s. 1735-1744
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A European collaborative project to investigate the design of advanced industrial gas turbine stages (DAIGTS) has now completed 30 months of a 36-month programme of work. The objectives of the project were to investigate advanced aerodynamic analysis of industrial gas turbine stages, off-design performance characteristics, prediction of aero-mechanical behaviour.This paper gives an overview of the technical progress made and includes a description of the rigs used in the study. Key results include the development of advanced CFD models to include cooling and real engine geometric features, off-design performance mapping of transonic industrial turbine stages and the development of a unique oscillating cascade rig.
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| 3. |
- I. Fernlund, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Serum Biomarkers of Myocardial Remodeling and Coronary Dysfunction in Early Stages of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in the Young
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pediatric Cardiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0172-0643 .- 1432-1971. ; 38:4, s. 853-863
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in the young. Early markers for HCM are important to identify individuals at risk. The aim of this study was to investigate novel serum biomarkers reflecting myocardial remodeling, microfibrosis, and vascular endotheliopathy in the early stages of familial HCM in young patients. Twenty-three HCM patients, 16 HCM-risk individuals, and 66 controls (median 15 years) underwent echocardiography and serum analysis for cathepsin S, endostatin, myostatin, type I collagen degradation marker (ICTP), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, and vascular and intercellular adhesion molecules (VCAM, ICAM). In a subset of the population, global myocardial perfusion was performed by magnetic resonance imaging. Cathepsin S (p = 0.0009), endostatin (p < 0.0001), MMP-9 (p = 0.008), and VCAM (p = 0.04) were increased in the HCM group and correlated to left ventricular mass index and mitral E/e′ (p < 0.01). In the HCM-risk group, myostatin was decreased (p = 0.004), whereas ICAM was increased (p = 0.002). Global perfusion was decreased in the HCM group (p < 0.05) versus controls. Endostatin and mitral E/e′ correlated inversely to myocardial perfusion (p ≤ 0.05). This is the first study demonstrating adverse changes in biomarkers reflecting myocardial matrix remodeling, microfibrosis, and vascular endotheliopathy in early stage of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the young.
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