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- Pick, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Family still matters : Human social motivation across 42 countries during a global pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Evolution and human behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-5138 .- 1879-0607. ; 43:6, s. 527-535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic social changes for many people, including separation from friends and coworkers, enforced close contact with family, and reductions in mobility. Here we assess the extent to which people's evolutionarily-relevant basic motivations and goals—fundamental social motives such as Affiliation and Kin Care—might have been affected. To address this question, we gathered data on fundamental social motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) across two waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered both before and during the pandemic (pre-pandemic wave: 32 countries, N = 8998; 3302 male, 5585 female; Mage = 24.43, SD = 7.91; mid-pandemic wave: 29 countries, N = 6917; 2249 male, 4218 female; Mage = 28.59, SD = 11.31). Samples include data collected online (e.g., Prolific, MTurk), at universities, and via community sampling. We found that Disease Avoidance motivation was substantially higher during the pandemic, and that most of the other fundamental social motives showed small, yet significant, differences across waves. Most sensibly, concern with caring for one's children was higher during the pandemic, and concerns with Mate Seeking and Status were lower. Earlier findings showing the prioritization of family motives over mating motives (and even over Disease Avoidance motives) were replicated during the pandemic. Finally, well-being remained positively associated with family-related motives and negatively associated with mating motives during the pandemic, as in the pre-pandemic samples. Our results provide further evidence for the robust primacy of family-related motivations even during this unique disruption of social life.
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| 4. |
- Banin, U., et al.
(författare)
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Nanotechnology for catalysis and solar energy conversion
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 32:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This roadmap on Nanotechnology for Catalysis and Solar Energy Conversion focuses on the application of nanotechnology in addressing the current challenges of energy conversion: 'high efficiency, stability, safety, and the potential for low-cost/scalable manufacturing' to quote from the contributed article by Nathan Lewis. This roadmap focuses on solar-to-fuel conversion, solar water splitting, solar photovoltaics and bio-catalysis. It includes dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), perovskite solar cells, and organic photovoltaics. Smart engineering of colloidal quantum materials and nanostructured electrodes will improve solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency, as described in the articles by Waiskopf and Banin and Meyer. Semiconductor nanoparticles will also improve solar energy conversion efficiency, as discussed by Boschloo et al in their article on DSSCs. Perovskite solar cells have advanced rapidly in recent years, including new ideas on 2D and 3D hybrid halide perovskites, as described by Spanopoulos et al 'Next generation' solar cells using multiple exciton generation (MEG) from hot carriers, described in the article by Nozik and Beard, could lead to remarkable improvement in photovoltaic efficiency by using quantization effects in semiconductor nanostructures (quantum dots, wires or wells). These challenges will not be met without simultaneous improvement in nanoscale characterization methods. Terahertz spectroscopy, discussed in the article by Milot et al is one example of a method that is overcoming the difficulties associated with nanoscale materials characterization by avoiding electrical contacts to nanoparticles, allowing characterization during device operation, and enabling characterization of a single nanoparticle. Besides experimental advances, computational science is also meeting the challenges of nanomaterials synthesis. The article by Kohlstedt and Schatz discusses the computational frameworks being used to predict structure-property relationships in materials and devices, including machine learning methods, with an emphasis on organic photovoltaics. The contribution by Megarity and Armstrong presents the 'electrochemical leaf' for improvements in electrochemistry and beyond. In addition, biohybrid approaches can take advantage of efficient and specific enzyme catalysts. These articles present the nanoscience and technology at the forefront of renewable energy development that will have significant benefits to society.
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| 5. |
- Jacinto, T., et al.
(författare)
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Doing science: Preparing a poster
- 2013
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Ingår i: Breathe. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1810-6838 .- 2073-4735. ; 9:6, s. 505-507
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Mogensen, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneously elevated FeNO and blood eosinophils relate to asthma morbidity in asthmatics from NHANES 2007-12
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 48:8, s. 935-943
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundFraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophil (B-Eos) count are biomarkers for type 2 inflammation. However, they signal different inflammatory pathways. Simultaneously elevated, they are related to more asthma events in a general population and among younger asthmatics. ObjectiveTo investigate if simultaneously elevated FeNO and B-Eos relate to asthma outcomes and lung function among subjects with asthma at a wide age span, and how different cut-offs for the markers affect these relations. MethodFeNO, B-Eos and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were assessed in 1419 subjects with asthma, aged 6-79 years old, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-12. Elevated levels were defined as FeNO 20 p.p.b. for children <12 years and 25 p.p.b. for subjects 12 years and B-Eos count 300 cells/L. Additional analyses were performed for the cut-offs FeNO >35/30 and >50/35 p.p.b., and for B-Eos 400 and 500 cells/L, as well as for different age subgroups (6-17, 18-44, >44 years old). Asthma events during the past year were self-reported. ResultsSubjects with simultaneously elevated FeNO and B-Eos compared with normal levels of both markers had a higher adjusted odds ratio (aOR (95%CI)) for having FEV1 <80% of predicted (2.15 (1.28-3.59), wheeze disturbing sleep (1.88 (1.27, 2.78)) but did not differ regarding asthma attacks past year. Elevated B-Eos, but not FeNO, was related to higher aOR for asthma attack (1.57 (1.14, 2.18) or emergency room (ER) visit due to asthma (1.88 (1.33, 2.64) when elevated FeNO and elevated B-Eos were studied as independent predictors. ConclusionSimultaneously elevated FeNO and B-Eos related to reduced lung function in asthmatics, wheezing symptoms, but not to a history of asthma attacks. Asthma attacks and ER-visit due to asthma were related to increased B-Eos levels.
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| 8. |
- Pick, Cari M., et al.
(författare)
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Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-4463. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How does psychology vary across human societies? The fundamental social motives framework adopts an evolutionary approach to capture the broad range of human social goals within a taxonomy of ancestrally recurring threats and opportunities. These motives-self-protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, and kin care-are high in fitness relevance and everyday salience, yet understudied cross-culturally. Here, we gathered data on these motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) in two cross-sectional waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered in both waves. Wave 1 was collected from mid-2016 through late 2019 (32 countries, N = 8,998; 3,302 male, 5,585 female; M-age = 24.43, SD = 7.91). Wave 2 was collected from April through November 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic (29 countries, N = 6,917; 2,249 male, 4,218 female; M-age = 28.59, SD = 11.31). These data can be used to assess differences and similarities in people's fundamental social motives both across and within cultures, at different time points, and in relation to other commonly studied cultural indicators and outcomes.
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| 9. |
- Zymakova, A., et al.
(författare)
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X-ray spectroscopy station for sample characterization at ELI Beamlines
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray spectroscopy is a demanded tool across multiple user communities. Here we report on a new station for X-ray emission spectroscopy at the Extreme Light Infrastructure Beamlines Facility. The instrument utilizes the von Hamos geometry and works with a number of different sample types, notably including liquid systems. We demonstrate a simple and reliable method for source position control using two cameras. This approach addresses energy calibration dependence on sample position, which is a characteristic source of measurement uncertainty for wavelength dispersive spectrometers in XES arrangement. We also present a straightforward procedure for energy calibration of liquid and powder samples to a thin film reference. The developed instrumentation enabled us to perform the first experimental determination of the K alpha lines of liquidized K3Fe(CN)6 as well as powdered and liquidized FeNH4(SO4)2. Finally, we report on proof-of-principle use of a colliding jet liquid sample delivery system in an XES experiment.
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