| 1. |
- Gårdestedt, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Zinc in Soils, Crops, and Meals in the Niger Inland Delta, Mali
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ambio. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 38:6, s. 334-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zinc deficiency is a problem in developing countries and not least so in Africa. This concerns both agriculture and human food provision. Zinc deficiency in soils may severely decrease yields, whereas insufficient zinc in food intake primarily affects the immune defense, notably in children. The present investigation concerned zinc availability in soils, crops, and food in the Niger inland delta in Mali. Agricultural soils are largely deficient in plant-available zinc, however, soils in close vicinity to habitation show elevated zinc concentrations. The zinc concentrations in crops are low; in rice, they are about half of reference ranges. Zinc intake assessed from a number of sampled meals was about half the recommended requirement. When zinc concentration is higher phytate was also high, which made the zinc less available. In spite of a recorded sufficient intake of iron, anemia is common and is most likely because of the high phytate concentration in the cereal-dominated diet. Increasing zinc and iron availability would be possible through the use of malting, fermentation, and soaking in food preparation. Finally, in the long run, any trace element deficiency, especially that of zinc in agricultural soils needs to be amended by addition of appropriate amounts in commercial fertilizers.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Jacks, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Zinc deficiency in the Niger inland delta, Mali
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. - : KARGER. - 0250-6807 .- 1421-9697. ; 51, s. 223-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Sall, Moussa, et al.
(författare)
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Breastfeeding and weaning in a village in the Niger Inland Delta, Mali
- 2011
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Ingår i: African Journal of Midwifery. - London : MA Healthcare Ltd. - 2052-4293. ; 5:1, s. 141-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to investigate the breastfeeding and weaning customs and their influence on the survival of infants in the village of Niafunké, Mali. A questionnaire with 22 questions was put to 30 mothers, 15 traditional birth attendants, and 5 midwives. All the mothers used colostrum. However, before breastfeeding was initiated the children were given date juice, which constitutes a considerable infection risk. Weaning was started at the age of 6 to 9 months. The breastfeeding and weaning customs are largely satisfying; nevertheless, the child mortality before the age of 5 years was extremely high, at 56 children out of 131 born. The majority of these, 40, died during their first year of life. The infant mortality showed two periods of greatly elevated death rate: right after birth and during the period of weaning. The mortality after birth may depend on the lack of educated midwives as well as infections caused by water being given with the breast milk. The mortality at weaning obviously depends on poor hygienic conditions, possibly combined with a documented insufficient zinc intake weakening the immune system. Abrupt weaning practised when a new pregnancy is experienced is also a contributing factor. The breastfeeding may be interrupted over a single day, causing both physical and mental stress for the child. The mothers' information about breastfeeding and weaning comes from a number of sources: the parents, the traditional birth attendants, religious authorities, and the radio, which seems to have a good reach into the society.
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| 6. |
- Byrnes, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes in monozygotic twins discordant for chronic fatigue : no evidence of a biomarker
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 4:6, s. e5805-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Chronic fatiguing illness remains a poorly understood syndrome of unknown pathogenesis. We attempted to identify biomarkers for chronic fatiguing illness using microarrays to query the transcriptome in peripheral blood leukocytes. METHODS: Cases were 44 individuals who were clinically evaluated and found to meet standard international criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome or idiopathic chronic fatigue, and controls were their monozygotic co-twins who were clinically evaluated and never had even one month of impairing fatigue. Biological sampling conditions were standardized and RNA stabilizing media were used. These methodological features provide rigorous control for bias resulting from case-control mismatched ancestry and experimental error. Individual gene expression profiles were assessed using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. FINDINGS: There were no significant differences in gene expression for any transcript. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to our expectations, we were unable to identify a biomarker for chronic fatiguing illness in the transcriptome of peripheral blood leukocytes suggesting that positive findings in prior studies may have resulted from experimental bias.
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| 7. |
- Evengård, Birgitta, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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The epidemiology of chronic fatigue in the Swedish Twin Registry
- 2005
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 35:9, s. 1317-1326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CFS-like illness may be more common that previously acknowledged. There is a marked increase in risk by gender. Previous reports that CFS is more prevalent in individuals in certain occupational categories were not confirmed and may have been due to confounding by gender.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Sullivan, Patrick F, et al.
(författare)
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An unbiased metagenomic search for infectious agents using monozygotic twins discordantfor chronic fatigue
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - : BMC. - 1471-2180. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome is an idiopathic syndrome widely suspected of having an infectious orimmune etiology. We applied an unbiased metagenomic approach to try to identify known or novel infectiousagents in the serum of 45 cases with chronic fatigue syndrome or idiopathic chronic fatigue. Controls were theunaffected monozygotic co-twins of cases, and serum samples were obtained at the same place and time.Results: No novel DNA or RNA viral signatures were confidently identified. Four affected twins and no unaffectedtwins evidenced viremia with GB virus C (8.9% vs. 0%, p = 0.019), and one affected twin had previously undetectedhepatitis C viremia. An excess of GB virus C viremia in cases with chronic fatigue requires confirmation.Conclusions: Current, impairing chronic fatigue was not robustly associated with viremia detectable in serum.
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| 10. |
- Sullivan, Patrick F, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic fatigue in a population sample : definitions and heterogeneity
- 2005
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 35:9, s. 1337-1348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our data are consistent with the 'existence' of CFS-like illness although the dominant nosological approach captures population-level variation poorly. We suggest that studying a more parsimonious case definition - impairing chronic fatigue not due to a known cause - would represent a way forward.
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