| 1. |
- Alexander, Stephen P. H., et al.
(författare)
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The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: G protein-coupled receptors
- 2023
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Ingår i: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. - : British pharmacological society. - 0007-1188 .- 1476-5381. ; 180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and about 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at . G protein-coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Proteomics and transcriptomics of the BABA-induced resistance response in potato using a novel functional annotation approach
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Induced resistance (IR) can be part of a sustainable plant protection strategy against important plant diseases. beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) can induce resistance in a wide range of plants against several types of pathogens, including potato infected with Phytophthora infestans. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this are unclear and seem to be dependent on the system studied. To elucidate the defence responses activated by BABA in potato, a genome-wide transcript microarray analysis in combination with label-free quantitative proteomics analysis of the apoplast secretome were performed two days after treatment of the leaf canopy with BABA at two concentrations, 1 and 10 mM. Results: Over 5000 transcripts were differentially expressed and over 90 secretome proteins changed in abundance indicating a massive activation of defence mechanisms with 10 mM BABA, the concentration effective against late blight disease. To aid analysis, we present a more comprehensive functional annotation of the microarray probes and gene models by retrieving information from orthologous gene families across 26 sequenced plant genomes. The new annotation provided GO terms to 8616 previously un-annotated probes. Conclusions: BABA at 10 mM affected several processes related to plant hormones and amino acid metabolism. A major accumulation of PR proteins was also evident, and in the mevalonate pathway, genes involved in sterol biosynthesis were down-regulated, whereas several enzymes involved in the sesquiterpene phytoalexin biosynthesis were up-regulated. Interestingly, abscisic acid (ABA) responsive genes were not as clearly regulated by BABA in potato as previously reported in Arabidopsis. Together these findings provide candidates and markers for improved resistance in potato, one of the most important crops in the world.
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| 3. |
- Jacobson, Dan
(författare)
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Cerebral palsy : studies on health and social outcomes in young adulthood, and on treatments for spasticity and pain
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cerebral palsy (CP) is a permanent disorder caused by a non-progressive brain injury or malformation that has occurred early in the development of the child’s brain. The disorder is characterized by dysfunction of movement and posture, with frequent but variable occurrences of other dysfunctions in cognition, perception, sensation, communication, as well as of epilepsy, and pain. The movement dysfunctions are often what is most apparent for an outside observer and interventions have traditionally focused primarily on movement. Spasticity, a type of abnormal contraction of muscles, is common in CP and an aspect of movement that is often targeted for treatment. As CP is a life-long disorder it is important to understand the long-term effects of treatments, especially if they are performed early in life. It is also important to understand how the disorder and the consequences of the disorder evolve ‘long-term’ as the individual grows up. Our knowledge of CP after childhood has been limited. Concerns have been raised on the topics of integration into society for adults with CP, and on some emerging health issues; especially a high prevalence of chronic pain. Understanding these issues and finding ways to manage them is a priority. This thesis focuses on the health and social situation of individuals with CP right after childhood, and on specific treatments for spasticity and pain. This was done using a few separate methods. Health and social situation were investigated cross-sectionally in 20-22- year-old young adults with CP. The long-term effects of the spasticity-reducing neurosurgical procedure selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) were investigated using a consecutive case series. And botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) was tested as a treatment for chronic musclerelated pain in adults with CP by means of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. It was found that most young adults with CP still lived in their parental home; more so than in the general population. A majority of those without an intellectual disability had an occupation, but the risk of having no occupation at all was increased. Communication function classification level (CFCS), and intellectual disability were major determinants of the social outcomes, while gross motor function classification level (GMFCS) was not. The overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of young adults with CP was comparable to population norms. There were, however, significant sub-group differences across different levels of gross motor function. Pain and fatigue were prevalent across all levels of functioning. The SDR procedure was effective in the long term in reducing spasticity, but this did not prevent contracture development, nor did it seem to improve functioning. Finally, BoNT-A was not superior to placebo in reducing pain in adults with CP at six weeks after treatment. Pain intensity did, however, trend downwards in the BoNT-A group at the last follow-up, suggesting that trials of longer duration are warranted.
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| 4. |
- Jacobson, Dan N O, et al.
(författare)
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A First Clinical Trial on Botulinum Toxin-A for Chronic Muscle-Related Pain in Cerebral Palsy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-2295. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To test if botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) is effective in reducing chronic muscle-related pain in adults with spastic cerebral palsy (CP), as compared to placebo.Design: A single-center, double-blind, parallel, randomized placebo-controlled trial. The design included an interim analysis to allow for confirmatory analysis, as well as pilot study outcomes.Setting: Tertiary university hospital.Participants: Adults with spastic CP and chronic pain associated with spastic muscle(s).Intervention: Treatment was one session of electromyographically guided intramuscular injections of either BoNT-A or placebo normosaline.Main Study Outcomes: The primary outcome was the proportion who achieved a reduction of pain intensity of two or more steps on the Numerical Rating Scale 6 weeks after treatment.Results: Fifty individuals were screened for eligibility, of whom 16 were included (10 female, 6 male, mean age = 32 years, SD = 13.3 years). The randomization yielded eight participants per treatment arm, and all completed the study as randomized. The study was stopped at the interim analysis due to a low probability, under a preset threshold, of a positive primary outcome. Four individuals were treatment responders in the BoNT-A group for the primary outcome compared to five responders in the placebo group (p = 1.000). Adverse events were mild to moderate. In exploratory analysis, the BoNT-A group had a trend of continuing reduction of pain at the last follow-up, after the primary endpoint.Conclusions: This study did not find evidence that BoNT-A was superior to placebo at the desired effect size (number needed to treat of 2.5) at 6 weeks after treatment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02434549
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| 5. |
- Jacobson, Dan N. O., et al.
(författare)
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Exploring social participation in young adults with cerebral palsy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 51:3, s. 167-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives:To describe social outcomes for young adults with cerebral palsy, and to explore associations of social outcomes with their classification levels within the Gross Motor Function, Manual Ability and Communication Function Classification Systems, and with the presence of intellectual disability.Design:A cross-sectional study with a population-based inclusion approach at a neuropaediatric referral centre in Sweden.Subjects:Sixty-one young adults with cerebral palsy, age 20-22 years.Methods:Physical examination and questionnaires on social outcomes including living arrangements, relationships, occupation, personal finances, extent of family support with personal care, and physical examination.Results: Twenty percent of the young adults with cerebral palsy had moved out of the parental home. Forty-three percent were dependent on family support for basic activities of daily living. Seventy-nine percent of those without intellectual disability were employed or studying. The Communication Function Classification Systems, and presence of intellectual disability, demonstrated associations with most social outcomes, followed in significance by Manual Ability Classification System.Conclusion:In this study young adults with cerebral palsy to a high extent lived in the parental home, and more often without employment, compared with their peers. Many were dependent on parental support, financially, and with activities of daily living. Intellectual disability and communication function were important determinants of social participation. Interventions aimed at alleviating the impact of these particular disabilities should be prioritized.
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| 6. |
- Jacobson, Dan N O, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life, pain, and fatigue in young adults with cerebral palsy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 62:3, s. 372-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe health-related quality of life (HRQoL), pain, fatigue, and other health variables in young adults with cerebral palsy (CP), and to explore associations with the Gross Motor Function Classification System - Expanded and Revised (GMFCS-ER) and physical activity.METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study of 61 young adults at a mean age of 21 years 2 months (standard deviation 8mo, range 20-22y) with CP, from a geographically defined area. Data collection included: Short Form 36 version 2 for HRQoL, Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form, Fatigue Severity Scale, level of physical activity, medical history, and physical examination.RESULTS: Overall HRQoL equalled that of population norms; however self-reported physical health was lower in GMFCS-ER levels III to V compared to GMFCS-ER levels I to II. Self-reported mental health was, inversely, lower in GMFCS-ER levels I to II compared to GMFCS-ER levels III to V. Pain prevalence was 49%, and pain was present across all GMFCS-ER levels. Fatigue, as well as sleep problems, had 41% prevalence, with fatigue severity decreasing with increasing level of physical activity.INTERPRETATION: General HRQoL in young adults with CP was comparable to population norms. Pain and fatigue are important to address in high motor-functioning individuals also. Physical activity could be a possible protective factor against fatigue.WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS:Health-related quality of life in young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) was comparable to population norms.Pain, fatigue, and sleep problems occurred at all Gross Motor Function Classification System levels.There is a possible protective effect of physical activity on fatigue.
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| 7. |
- Jacobson, Herbert, et al.
(författare)
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Svart, grått, vitt : en lärobok om ekonomisk brottslighet
- 2012. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ekonomisk brottslighet är ett allvarligt samhällsproblem. I Sverige uppskattas värdet av den svarta ekonomin till motsvarande mellan fem och tio procent av BNP, vilket innebär hundratals miljarder kronor. Konsekvenserna av denna omfattande brottslighet är att samhällsekonomin i förlängningen undergrävs. Den ekonomiska brottsligheten drabbar inte bara den offentliga sektorn utan även individer och företag, vilket bidrar till att komplicera problembilden. Vidare begås de ekonomiska brotten i stor utsträckning inom ramen för den organiserade brottsligheten.Ekonomisk brottslighet studeras därför med fördel i gränssnittet mellan flera olika discipliner, såsom juridik, kriminologi, etik, filosofi, ekonomi och historia. Genom att angripa problemet från olika håll ökar möjligheten att förstå och förhindra ekonomisk brottslighet.Läroboken Svart Grått Vitt tar ett mångvetenskapligt grepp på problemet. Här är forskningsresultat och lärdomar inom juridik, kriminologi, etik, filosofi, ekonomi och historia samlade på ett pedagogiskt sätt.Boken redogör för teorier, modeller, typologier och begrepp; fallstudier över ekonomiskt brottsligt beteende; samt straffrättsliga regler för ekonomisk brottslighet.Svart Grått Vitt riktar sig främst till kriminologer, ekonomer, sociologer, poliser och jurister men kan även läsas av andra som är intresserade av att få en introduktion i ekonomisk brottslighet.
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| 8. |
- Leibovitzh, Haim, et al.
(författare)
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Immune response and barrier dysfunction-related proteomic signatures in preclinical phase of Crohn's disease highlight earliest events of pathogenesis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 72:8, s. 1462-1471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The measure of serum proteome in the preclinical state of Crohn's disease (CD) may provide insight into biological pathways involved in CD pathogenesis. We aimed to assess associations of serum proteins with future CD onset and with other biomarkers predicting CD risk in a healthy at-risk cohort.DESIGN: In a nested case-control study within the Crohn's and Colitis Canada Genetics Environment Microbial Project (CCC-GEM) cohort, which prospectively follows healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs), subjects who developed CD (n=71) were matched with four FDRs remaining healthy (n=284). Using samples at recruitment, serum protein profiles using the Olink Proximity Extension Assay platform was assessed for association with future development of CD and with other baseline biomarkers as follows: serum antimicrobial antibodies (AS: positive antibody sum) (Prometheus); faecal calprotectin (FCP); gut barrier function using the fractional excretion of lactulose-to-mannitol ratio (LMR) assay.RESULTS: We identified 25 of 446 serum proteins significantly associated with future development of CD. C-X-C motif chemokine 9 (CXCL9) had the highest OR with future risk of CD (OR=2.07 per SD, 95% CI 1.58 to 2.73, q=7.9e-5), whereas matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein had the lowest OR (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.66, q=0.02). Notably, CXCL9 was the only analyte significantly associated with all other CD-risk biomarkers with consistent direction of effect (FCP: OR=2.21; LMR: OR=1.67; AS: OR=1.59) (q<0.05 for all).CONCLUSION: We identified serum proteomic signatures associated with future CD development, reflecting potential early biological processes of immune and barrier dysfunction.
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| 9. |
- Lu, Jianbo, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced yaw stability control to mitigate a vehicle's abnormal yaw motion due to a disturbance
- 2013
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Patent (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An enhanced stability control system (200) for a vehicle includes a vehicle status sensor that generates a sensor signal. A driver input sensor that generates an input signal. A controller (214) may disable normal yaw stability control operation and enable body-force-disturbance (BFD) yaw stability control (YSC) operation, which includes at least partially reducing response functions of the normal yaw stability control associated with the input signal, in response to the sensor signal and performing BFD-YSC functions to achieve desired control performance upon the detection of BFD reception. The controller (214) may also or alternatively compare the sensor signal to a threshold and detect an improperly functioning/inoperative vehicle status sensor. The controller (214) disregards information associated with the improperly functioning/inoperative vehicle status sensor, and continues to perform enhanced yaw stability control operations.
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| 10. |
- Lu, Jianbo, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Yaw Stability Control to Mitigate a Vehicle's Abnormal Yaw Motion Due to a Disturbance Force Applied to Vehicle Body
- 2011
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An enchanced stability control system (200) for a vehicle includes a vehicle status sensor that generates a sensor signal. A driver input sensor that generates an input signal. A controller (214) may disable normal yaw stability control operation and enable body-force- disturbance (BDF) yaw stability control (YSC) operation, which includes at least partially reducing response functions of the normal yaw stability control associated with the input signal, in response to the sensor signal and performing BFD-YSC functions to achieve desired control performance upon the detection of BFD reception. The controller (214) may also or alternatively compare the sensor signal to a threshold and detect an improperly functioning/inoperative vehicle status sensor. The controller (214) disregards information associated with the improperly functioning/inoperative vehicle status sensor, and continues to perform enhanced yaw stability control operations.Read more: http://www.faqs.org/patents/app/20110166744#ixzz2qAnZa470
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