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- Håkansson, Stellan, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time PCR-assay in the delivery suite for determination of group B streptococcal colonization in a setting with risk-based antibiotic prophylaxis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-7058 .- 1476-4954. ; 27:4, s. 328-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) reduces the incidence of neonatal early onset group B streptococcal infections. The present study investigated if an automated PCR-assay, used bedside by the labor ward personnel was manageable and could decrease the use of IAP in a setting with a risk-based IAP strategy. Methods: The study comprises two phases. Phase 1 was a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Women with selected risk-factors were allocated either to PCR-IAP (prophylaxis given if positive or indeterminate) or IAP. A vaginal/rectal swab and superficial swabs from the neonate for conventional culture were also obtained. Phase 2 was non-randomized, assessing an improved version of the assay. Results: Phase 1 included 112 women in the PCR-IAP group and 117 in the IAP group. Excluding indeterminate results, the assay showed a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 90%. In 44 % of the PCR assays the result was indeterminate. The use of IAP was lower in the PCR group (53 versus 92%). Phase 2 included 94 women. The proportion of indeterminate results was reduced (15%). The GBS colonization rate was 31%. Conclusion: The PCR assay, in the hands of labor ward personnel, can be useful for selection of women to which IAP should be offered.
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- Lewerin, Catharina, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Holotranscobalamin is not influenced by decreased renal function in elderly men: the MrOS Sweden study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. - : SAGE Publications. - 0004-5632 .- 1758-1001. ; 50:6, s. 585-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Subclinical cobalamin deficiency is common in the elderly, but the sensitivity and specificity of serum total cobalamin for this diagnosis is poor. Serum holotranscobalamin (holoTC), a measure of biologically available cobalamin, is considered a better marker for early cobalamin depletion than total cobalamin. However, in elderly populations, health-related reference intervals for holoTC and correlations to renal function are not entirely clear. Methods HoloTC was determined with an automated microparticle enzyme immunoassay (AxSYM (R)) in 790 elderly non-vitamin-supplemented Swedish men, median age 75.3 years. Renal function was assessed with creatinine, cystatin C and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR calculated from creatinine). Results Median holoTC was 51.8pmol/L, the health-related reference interval 19.6-132.3pmol/L. There was no significant difference in mean holoTC in probands with normal compared to high creatinine (P=0.80) and cystatin C (P=0.82). No significant differences between the quartiles of creatinine or cystatin C in mean of log holoTC were seen. HoloTC correlated strongly with total cobalamin (r=0.69, P<0.001), weaker with eGFR(creatinine) (r=-0.09, P<0.05) and creatinine (r=0.09, P<0.05), the latter correlation was only seen in subjects with creatinine <100 mu mol/L. HoloTC correlated negatively with plasma total homocysteine (r=-0.24, P<0.001), but not with cystatin C and age. Conclusions Serum holoTC in healthy elderly men shows the same distribution as earlier described for a younger reference population. In this group of elderly subjects, holoTC did not correlate to reduced renal function. Thus, holoTC appears to be a promising tool for evaluating cobalamin status also in elderly populations.
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- Lewerin, Catharina, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Low holotranscobalamin and cobalamins predict incident fractures in elderly men: the MrOS Sweden.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-2965 .- 0937-941X. ; 25:1, s. 131-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a population-based study on cobalamin status and incident fractures in elderly men (n=790) with an average follow-up of 5.9years, we found that low levels of metabolically active and total cobalamins predict incident fractures, independently of body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), and cystatin C.
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| 7. |
- Lewerin, Catharina, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Serum estradiol associates with blood hemoglobin in elderly men; The MrOS Sweden Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 99:7, s. 2549-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Blood hemoglobin (Hb) declines with age in healthy elderly men, in whom decreasing testosterone has been regarded as part of normal ageing. However, the association between Hb and serum estradiol is incompletely known. Objective: To determine whether estradiol is associated with anemia/Hb and established determinants of Hb in elderly men without prostate cancer. Design, Setting and Participants: The MrOS (Osteoporotic Fractures in Men) is a population-based study (n=918, median age 75.3 years, range 70-81 years). Main Outcome Measures: We evaluated total estradiol in relation to Hb and adjusted for potential confounders (i.e. age, body mass index (BMI), erythropoietin (EPO), total testosterone, cystatin C, iron- and B-vitamin status). Results: Estradiol correlated negatively with age (r=-0.14, p<0.001). Hb correlated (age adjusted) positively with estradiol (r=0.21, p<0.001) and testosterone (r=0.10, p<0.01). Independent predictors for Hb in multivariate analyses were estradiol, EPO, BMI, transferrin saturation, cystatin C and free T4 but not testosterone. After exclusion of subjects with Hb <130g/L and/or testosterone <8 nmol/L (n=99), the correlation between Hb and testosterone was no longer significant, whereas the associations between Hb and estradiol remained. After adjusting for age, BMI and EPO, men with lower estradiol levels were more likely to have Hb in the lowest quartile of values [OR per SD decrease in estradiol = 1.61 (95% CI 1.34-1.93)]. Anemic subjects (Hb <130 g/L) had lower mean estradiol than non-anemic (67.4 vs 79.4 pmol/L, p<0.001). Conclusions: Estradiol correlated, positively and independently, with Hb. Decreased estradiol might partly explain the age-related Hb decline observed in healthy elderly men.
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- Middeldorp, Christel M., et al.
(författare)
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The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia : design, results and future prospects
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 34:3, s. 279-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease. Insight into the genetic etiology of childhood and adolescent traits and disorders may therefore provide new perspectives, not only on how to improve wellbeing during childhood, but also how to prevent later adverse outcomes. To achieve the sample sizes required for genetic research, the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia were established. The majority of the participating cohorts are longitudinal population-based samples, but other cohorts with data on early childhood phenotypes are also involved. Cohorts often have a broad focus and collect(ed) data on various somatic and psychiatric traits as well as environmental factors. Genetic variants have been successfully identified for multiple traits, for example, birth weight, atopic dermatitis, childhood BMI, allergic sensitization, and pubertal growth. Furthermore, the results have shown that genetic factors also partly underlie the association with adult traits. As sample sizes are still increasing, it is expected that future analyses will identify additional variants. This, in combination with the development of innovative statistical methods, will provide detailed insight on the mechanisms underlying the transition from childhood to adult disorders. Both consortia welcome new collaborations. Policies and contact details are available from the corresponding authors of this manuscript and/or the consortium websites.
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| 9. |
- Simark-Mattsson, Charlotte, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Lactobacillus-mediated interference of mutans streptococci in caries-free vs. caries-active subjects.
- 2007
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 115:4, s. 308-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to assess whether naturally occurring oral lactobacilli have probiotic properties, lactobacilli were isolated from saliva and plaque from children and adolescents, with or without caries lesions. The interference capacities of these lactobacilli were investigated against a panel of 13 clinical isolates and reference strains of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, as well as against the subject's autologous mutans streptococci, using the agar-overlay technique. Lactobacillus-mediated inhibition differed significantly between the three subject groups (no caries, arrested caries, or active caries), demonstrating increased inhibition in subjects without present or previous caries experience compared to subjects with arrested caries or subjects presenting with frank lesions. Lactobacilli from subjects lacking S. mutans inhibited the growth of the test panel of mutans streptococci significantly better than lactobacilli from subjects who were colonized. Furthermore, subjects without caries experience harbored lactobacilli that more effectively repressed the growth of their autologous mutans streptococci. Twenty-three Lactobacillus spp. completely inhibited the growth of all mutans streptococci tested. Species with maximum interference capacity against mutans streptococci included Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Naturally occurring oral lactobacilli significantly inhibited the growth of both test strains of mutans streptococci and the subject's autologous mutans streptococci in vitro, and this effect was more pronounced in caries-free subjects.
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| 10. |
- Strömland, Kerstin, 1934, et al.
(författare)
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CHARGE association in Sweden: malformations and functional deficits.
- 2005
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Ingår i: American journal of medical genetics. Part A. - : Wiley. - 1552-4825. ; 133:3, s. 331-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CHARGE association (CA) consists of a non-random association of ocular coloboma (C), heart anomaly (H), atresia of choanae (A), retarded growth and/or development (R), genital hypoplasia (G), and ear anomalies and/or hearing impairment (E). A prospective multidisciplinary study of 31 Swedish patients with CA was undertaken in order to describe the associated malformations and functional deficits, find possible etiological factors and identify critical time periods for the maldevelopment. The clinical files were analyzed, the mothers answered a questionnaire on history of prenatal events, and a clinical evaluation of systemic findings, vision, hearing, balance, speech, oral and swallowing function, and neuro-psychiatric function, especially autism, was performed. The most frequent physical abnormalities affected ears (90%), eyes (90%), brain (61%), heart (52%), retarded growth (48%), genitals (38%), choanae (35%), and facial nerve (32%). Sixty-one percent of the patients were visually impaired or blind, and 74% had hearing loss or deafness. Problems in balance, speech, and eating were common. Forty percent of the patients had autism/atypical autism, and 82% had developmental delay. Three children were born following assisted fertilization and two mothers had diabetes. The mothers reported infections, bleedings, and drug use during pregnancy. Analysis of possible critical time periods suggested that most malformations were produced early in pregnancy, mainly during post conceptual weeks 4, 5, and 6. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in the assessment and management of CA.
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