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| 2. |
- Cole, Michelle J., et al.
(författare)
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Ten years of external quality assessment (EQA) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility testing in Europe elucidate high reliability of data
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2334. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Confidence in any diagnostic and antimicrobial susceptibility testing data is provided by appropriate and regular quality assurance (QA) procedures. In Europe, the European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Susceptibility Programme (Euro-GASP) has been monitoring the antimicrobial susceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae since 2004. Euro-GASP includes an external quality assessment (EQA) scheme as an essential component for a quality-assured laboratory-based surveillance programme. Participation in the EQA scheme enables any problems with the performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing to be identified and addressed, feeds into the curricula of laboratory training organised by the Euro-GASP network, and assesses the capacity of individual laboratories to detect emerging new, rare and increasing antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. Participant performance in the Euro-GASP EQA scheme over a 10 year period (2007 to 2016, no EQA in 2013) was evaluated.METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility category and MIC results from the first 5 years (2007-2011) of the Euro-GASP EQA were compared with the latter 5 years (2012-2016). These time periods were selected to assess the impact of the 2012 European Union case definitions for the reporting of antimicrobial susceptibility.RESULTS: dilutions of the modal MIC, respectively. The most common method used was Etest on GC agar base. There was a shift to using breakpoints published by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) in the latter 5 years, however overall impact on the validity of results was limited, as the percentage categorical agreement and MIC concordance changed very little between the two five-year periods.CONCLUSIONS: The high level of comparability of results in this EQA scheme indicates that high quality data are produced by the Euro-GASP participants and gives confidence in susceptibility and resistance data generated by laboratories performing decentralised testing.
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| 3. |
- Ingberg, Edvin, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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16S metagenomics for bacterial identification versus cultures in acute pharyngotonsillitis patients and controls
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sore throat/pharyngotonsillitis is a very common condition. While most cases are viral, the primary bacterial pathogen is group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Further, Fusobacterium necrophorum has over the last decade attracted attention. rnrnSequence-based techniques continue to gain ground in medical microbiology. To describe the microbiota in a sample, either the whole genomes (metagenomics) or marker genes/genomic regions (metataxonomics), such as the 16S rRNA gene, can be sequenced. Some studies have investigated how findings from these methods correspond to conventional microbiological methods for infectious diseases, such as cultures. However, no previous study has approached the condition acute pharyngotonsillitis this way.Methods: Throat samples from patients with acute sore throat (n=129) and controls (n=86), both groups aged 15-45, were collected. DNA was extracted and the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA genes were amplified using PCR. After normalization based on fragment analysis, and size selection with Ampure beads and PCR against adapter sequences coupled to the V3-V4 fragments, clonal amplifiction was performed with isothermal PCR. Finally, sequencing was performed on the Ion Torrent S5 XL. The SILVA database was used for taxonomic classification and the results were compared to culture findings for S. pyogenes and F. necrophorum, using Mann Whitney U tests.Results: Among the 215 samples, 46 patients and 1 of the controls were culture-positive for S. pyogenes. For F. necrophorum, 20 patients and 3 controls were culture-positive. Seven of the samples were culture-positive for both S. pyogenes and F. necrophorum. rnrnIn the metataxonomic analysis, S. pyogenes were significantly more abundant among patients than controls (p=0.0046), and in samples culture-positive for S. pyogenes, compared to culture-negative (p<0.0001).The percent of reads representing F. necrophorum were significantly higher in patients compared to controls (p<0.001), as well as in culture-positive samples compared to culture-negative (p<0.0001). rnrnAlthough significant differences between culture-positive and culture-negative samples were seen, even among culture-positive samples the abundance of S. pyogenes or F. necrophorum were on average low (2,1% and 10,6%, respectively) and with large variation (0-49,8% and 0-76,1%, respectively).Conclusions: Findings from a metataxonomic 16S rRNA gene analysis differed regarding species of interest between groups based on symptoms of a sore throat or culture findings. However, the results were heterogeneous and difficult to interpret for a single sample.
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| 4. |
- Jacobsson, Susanne, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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In Vitro Activity of the Novel Pleuromutilin Lefamulin (BC-3781) and Effect of Efflux Pump Inactivation on Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- 2017
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Ingår i: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0066-4804 .- 1098-6596. ; 61:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated the activity of the novel semisynthetic pleuromutilin lefamulin, inhibiting protein synthesis and growth, and the effect of efflux pump inactivation on clinical gonococcal isolates and reference strains (n = 251), including numerous multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant isolates. Lefamulin showed potent activity against all gonococcal isolates, and no significant cross-resistance to other antimicrobials was identified. Further studies of lefamulin are warranted, including in vitro selection and mechanisms of resistance, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, optimal dosing, and performance in randomized controlled trials.
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| 5. |
- Saarentausta, Katariina, et al.
(författare)
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Potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the national and regional incidence, epidemiology and diagnostic testing of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in Sweden, 2020
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : Munksgaard Forlag. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 130:1, s. 34-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the societies and health care systems globally, and resulted in many social and physical distancing restrictions to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2. These restrictions have also likely affected the frequency of intimate contacts and the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Compared to most other countries, Sweden especially in Spring-Autumn 2020 pursued mainly milder voluntary, i.e. not mandatory enforced by laws, recommended restrictions and the impacts of these on society and spread of STIs remain largely unknown. We describe the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the national and regional incidence, epidemiology and diagnostic testing of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in Sweden in 2020. Compared to 2019, we found a significant decrease in incidence of chlamydia (-4.5%) and gonorrhoea (-17.5%), and in diagnostic testing (-10.5% for chlamydia, -9.4% for gonorrhoea) in 2020. However, the decrease in chlamydia incidence, which has mainly been decreasing last 10 years, was not significant when compared with the average incidence in 2017-2019. The largest decrease in national incidence of both infections was observed among young and heterosexual patients, however some Swedish regions showed an increased incidence, particularly of chlamydia. Increased "internet-based self-sampling" testing approach partly compensated for a decreased attendance at STI clinics. Studies, including sexual behavior, prevention, reasons for attending STI health care, STIs in different anatomical sites, and management of STIs, are required to elucidate the impact of COVID-19-associated social and physical distancing restrictions on sexual activity and the incidence and epidemiology of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in Sweden.
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| 6. |
- Säll, Olof, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Atypical presentation of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W disease is associated with the introduction of the 2013 strain
- 2021
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 2015, the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by serogroup W (MenW) has increased in Sweden, due to the introduction of the 2013 strain belonging to clonal complex 11. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation of MenW infections, in particular the 2013 strain, including genetic associations. Medical records of confirmed MenW IMD cases in Sweden during the years 1995-2019 (n = 113) were retrospectively reviewed and the clinical data analysed according to strain. Of all MenW patients, bacteraemia without the focus of infection was seen in 44%, bacteraemic pneumonia in 26%, meningitis in 13% and epiglottitis in 8%, gastrointestinal symptoms in 48% and 4% presented with petechiae. Phylogenetic analysis was used for possible links between genetic relationship and clinical picture. The 2013 strain infections, particularly in one cluster, were associated with more severe disease compared with other MenW infections. The patients with 2013 strain infections (n = 68) were older (52 years vs. 25 years for other strains), presented more often with diarrhoea as an atypical presentation (P = 0.045) and were more frequently admitted for intensive care (P = 0.032). There is a risk that the atypical clinical presentation of MenW infections, with predominantly gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms rather than neck stiffness or petechiae, may lead to delay in life-saving treatment.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Säll, Olof, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and persistence of Neisseria meningitidis carriage in Swedish university students
- 2023
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bacterium Neisseria meningitidis causes life-threatening disease worldwide, typically with a clinical presentation of sepsis or meningitis, but can be carried asymptomatically as part of the normal human oropharyngeal microbiota. The aim of this study was to examine N. meningitidis carriage with regard to prevalence, risk factors for carriage, distribution of meningococcal lineages and persistence of meningococcal carriage. Throat samples and data from a self-reported questionnaire were obtained from 2744 university students (median age: 23 years) at a university in Sweden on four occasions during a 12-month period. Meningococcal isolates were characterised using whole-genome sequencing. The carriage rate among the students was 9.1% (319/3488; 95% CI 8.2-10.1). Factors associated with higher carriage rate were age ≤22 years, previous tonsillectomy, cigarette smoking, drinking alcohol and attending parties, pubs and clubs. Female gender and sharing a household with children aged 0-9 years were associated with lower carriage. The most frequent genogroups were capsule null locus (cnl), group B and group Y and the most commonly identified clonal complexes (cc) were cc198 and cc23. Persistent carriage with the same meningococcal strain for 12 months was observed in two students. Follow-up times exceeding 12 months are recommended for future studies investigating long-term carriage of N. meningitidis.
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| 9. |
- Thulin Hedberg, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Invasive meningococcal disease in Sweden 2016
- 2017
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Ingår i: 14th Congress of the EMGM, European Meningococcal and Haemophilus Disease Society. - Prague : The European Meningococcal and Haemophilus Disease Society EMGM. - 9788090666238 ; , s. 69-69
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is notifiable in Sweden. The reporting system comprises of mandatory notification of cases and mandatory laboratory notification of samples to the Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm. All samples are sent to the National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Neisseria, Örebro for further typing and surveillance.In 2016, 62 cases of IMD (incidence 0.6/100 000 population) were reported in Sweden. Among the patients 58 % were females and 42 % males, aged from 1 month to95 years with mean age of 42 years. The incidence was highest, as in previous years, in the age group 15-19 years (2.1/100 000 population) followed by elderly ≥80 years (1.8/100 000 population) and infants ≤1 year (1.7/100 000 population). The case fatality rate increased in 2016 to 12.9 % compared with 7.5 % in 2015, eight people died from the disease (MenW, n=3; MenY, n=2; MenB, n=2 and MenC n=1). None of the IMD cases in 2016 had any epidemiological linkage.All 62 cases of IMD were laboratory confirmed: 54 were culture-confirmed, three PCR-confirmed and in five cases further typing data are missing because no samples were sent to the National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Neisseria. The serogroup distribution was MenW (n=18, 31.5 %), MenY (n=18, 31.5 %), MenB (n=10, 17.5 %), MenC (n=10, 17.5 %) and one non-groupable isolate. The W:P1.5,2:F1-1:ST11 (cc11) (n=15) were predominant among the culture-confirmed meningococci during 2016 followed by Y:P1.5-2,10-1:F4-1:ST23 (cc23) (n=7) och Y:P1.5-1,2-2:F5-8:ST23 (cc23) (n=6). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with Gradient test (Etest, BioMerieux). Decreased susceptibility to penicillin was seen in 30 % of the isolates (MIC >0,064 mg/L) of which one was resistant (MIC=0.5 mg/L). One of the isolates with decreased susceptibility to penicillin was also resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC=0.125 mg/L). All other isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin and meropenem. No β-lactamase producing isolates has so far been found in Sweden.To conclude, the incidence of IMD continues to be relatively low in Sweden, however, a shift in the serogroup distribution of N. meningitidisin Sweden is ongoing; the previously dominating disease-causing MenB and MenC have been replaced, first by MenY which emerged in 2009 and since 2015 also by MenW. MenW has gone from only causing invasive disease in a few, 0-6 cases per year from 1990 onwards, to now being the dominating serogroup together with MenY in Sweden 2016.
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| 10. |
- Aniskevich, Aliaksandra, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates and gonorrhoea treatment in the Republic of Belarus, Eastern Europe, 2009-2019
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2334. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Limited antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data for Neisseria gonorrhoeae are available in Eastern Europe. We investigated AMR in N. gonorrhoeae isolates in the Republic of Belarus from 2009 to 2019, antimicrobial treatment recommended nationally, and treatment given to patients with gonorrhoea.METHODS: N. gonorrhoeae isolates (n = 522) cultured in three regions of Belarus in 2009-2019 were examined. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of eight antimicrobials was performed using Etest. Resistance breakpoints from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing were applied where available. A Nitrocefin test identified β-lactamase production. Gonorrhoea treatment for 1652 patients was also analysed. Statistical significance was determined by the Z-test, Fisher's exact test, or Mann-Whitney U test with p-values of < 0.05 indicating significance.RESULTS: In total, 27.8% of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 24.7% to ciprofloxacin, 7.0% to benzylpenicillin, 2.7% to cefixime, and 0.8% to azithromycin. No isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, spectinomycin, or gentamicin. However, 14 (2.7%) isolates had a ceftriaxone MIC of 0.125 mg/L, exactly at the resistance breakpoint (MIC > 0.125 mg/L). Only one (0.2%) isolate, from 2013, produced β-lactamase. From 2009 to 2019, the levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline were relatively high and stable. Resistance to cefixime was not identified before 2013 but peaked at 22.2% in 2017. Only sporadic isolates with resistance to azithromycin were found in 2009 (n = 1), 2012 (n = 1), and 2018-2019 (n = 2). Overall, 862 (52.2%) patients received first-line treatment according to national guidelines (ceftriaxone 1 g). However, 154 (9.3%) patients received a nationally recommended alternative treatment (cefixime 400 mg or ofloxacin 400 mg), and 636 (38.5%) were given non-recommended treatment.CONCLUSIONS: The gonococcal resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was high, however, the resistance to azithromycin was low and no resistance to ceftriaxone was identified. Ceftriaxone 1 g can continuously be recommended as empiric first-line gonorrhoea therapy in Belarus. Fluoroquinolones should not be prescribed for treatment if susceptibility has not been confirmed by testing. Timely updating and high compliance with national evidence-based gonorrhoea treatment guidelines based on quality-assured AMR data are imperative. The need for continued, improved and enhanced surveillance of gonococcal AMR in Belarus is evident.
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