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| 2. |
- Carlson, Tobias, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Interference of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with permanent ventricular stimulation: a new clinical problem?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Europace. - 1532-2092. ; 11:3, s. 364-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To assess the compatibility of thoracic TENS and permanent PM treatment and to identify any signs of interference of TENS with the PM function. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients treated with PM were tested. Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation electrodes were placed above each mamilla, and the stimulation intensity was increased to the maximum level tolerated for 30 s or until electrocardiogram revealed signs of interference. Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation of 2 and 80 Hz was tested with the PM ventricular sensing level set to the clinically chosen level as well as to maximal sensitivity. Interference was detected in 22 of 27 patients (81%). Low-frequency (2 Hz) stimulation was more associated with PM interference (52% at normal vs. 81% at maximal ventricular sensitivity) than high-frequency (80 Hz) stimulation (33% at normal vs. 63% at maximal ventricular sensitivity); although the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation frequently induces inhibition of the PM function already at the clinically set ventricular sensitivity. Therefore, individual testing is warranted before TENS treatment is considered in patients with a PM. A test protocol for TENS and PM interaction is proposed.
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| 3. |
- Cederkrantz, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Absorbed Doses and Risk Estimates of (211)At-MX35 F(ab')2 in Intraperitoneal Therapy of Ovarian Cancer Patients.
- 2015
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Ingår i: International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-355X .- 0360-3016. ; 93:3, s. 569-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with dissemination in the peritoneal cavity. Most patients achieve clinical remission after surgery and chemotherapy, but approximately 70% eventually experience recurrence, usually in the peritoneal cavity. To prevent recurrence, intraperitoneal (i.p.) targeted α therapy has been proposed as an adjuvant treatment for minimal residual disease after successful primary treatment. In the present study, we calculated absorbed and relative biological effect (RBE)-weighted (equivalent) doses in relevant normal tissues and estimated the effective dose associated with i.p. administration of (211)At-MX35F(ab')2.
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| 4. |
- Edsjö, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Building a precision medicine infrastructure at a national level : The Swedish experience
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cambridge Prisms: Precision Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2752-6143. ; 1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision medicine has the potential to transform healthcare by moving from one-size-fits-all to personalised treatment and care. This transition has been greatly facilitated through new high-throughput sequencing technologies that can provide the unique molecular profile of each individual patient, along with the rapid development of targeted therapies directed to the Achilles heels of each disease. To implement precision medicine approaches in healthcare, many countries have adopted national strategies and initiated genomic/precision medicine initiatives to provide equal access to all citizens. In other countries, such as Sweden, this has proven more difficult due to regionally organised healthcare. Using a bottom-up approach, key stakeholders from academia, healthcare, industry and patient organisations joined forces and formed Genomic Medicine Sweden (GMS), a national infrastructure for the implementation of precision medicine across the country. To achieve this, Genomic Medicine Centres have been established to provide regionally distributed genomic services, and a national informatics infrastructure has been built to allow secure data handling and sharing. GMS has a broad scope focusing on rare diseases, cancer, pharmacogenomics, infectious diseases and complex diseases, while also providing expertise in informatics, ethical and legal issues, health economy, industry collaboration and education. In this review, we summarise our experience in building a national infrastructure for precision medicine. We also provide key examples how precision medicine already has been successfully implemented within our focus areas. Finally, we bring up challenges and opportunities associated with precision medicine implementation, the importance of international collaboration, as well as the future perspective in the field of precision medicine.
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| 5. |
- Ekblom, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial pattern of MHC class II variation in the great snipe (Gallinago media)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 16:7, s. 1439-1451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) code for proteins involved in antigen recognition and triggering of the adaptive immune response, and are therefore likely to be under selection from parasites. These selection regimes may vary in space and time. Here we report a strong geographical structure in MHC class II B genes of a migrating bird, the great snipe (Gallinago media). Genetic differentiation in the MHC between two ecologically distinct distributional regions (Scandinavian mountain populations vs. East European lowland populations) was still present after statistically controlling for the effect of selectively neutral variation (microsatellites) using partial Mantel tests. This suggests a role for selection in generating this spatial structure and that it represents local adaptation to different environments. Differentiation between populations within the two regions was negligible. Overall, we found a high number of MHC alleles (50, from 175 individuals). This, together with a tendency for a higher rate of nonsynonymous than synonymous substitutions in the peptide binding sites, and high Tajima's D in certain regions of the gene, suggests a history of balancing selection. MHC variation is often thought to be maintained by some form of balancing selection, but the nature of this selection remains unclear. Our results support the hypothesis that spatial variation in selection regimes contributes to the high polymorphism.
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| 7. |
- Hellsmark, Hans, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Teknologiska innovationssystem inom energiområdet: En praktisk vägledning till identifiering av systemsvagheter som motiverar särskilda politiska åtaganden
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna rapport är att illustrera hur ett praktiskt inriktat ramverk, tekno- logiska innovationssystem (TIS), kan användas av analytiker och beslutsfattare vid departement och myndigheter för att analysera strategiskt viktiga teknikområden ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????I rapporten analyseras fem TIS centrerade kring havsbaserad vindkraft, marin energi, ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? systemsvagheter som bromsar områdets vidare utveckling, vilka som kan åtgärdas av systemets aktörer och vilka som motiverar särskilda politiska åtaganden. Rapporten utgör därmed ett underlag för att formulera åtgärder för att åstadkomma ökad innova- tion, teknikspridning och industrialisering inom ovan nämnda teknikområden.Studien har även möjliggjort en jämförande analys av likheter och skillnader ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? mellan områdena – de är starka respektive svaga av olika orsaker. Detta visar att ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Samtidigt har områdena gemensamma drag. Systemets aktörer, där även politiska ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- skapsnätverk. Men de har varit sämre på att skapa tidiga nischmarknader som ger utrymme för fortsatt lärande och kostnadsreduktion. Sådana nischer kan ibland skapas av marknadens aktörer, men ofta krävs politiska styrmedel. De behövs för att investeringar i kunskapsutveckling ska kunna nyttiggöras och för att en bred industriell utveckling inom nya områden skall göras möjlig i Sverige.Vidare presenteras lärdomar kring vad en aktiv teknikpolitik innebär. Två huvud- ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- hällsbygget och därför bör vara ett politikområde bland många samt att den skarpa ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? olika faser av innovationssystemets utveckling.För att lyckas med en aktiv teknikpolitik behövs en hög grad av koordinering ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? teknikområden så att ”rätt” typ av åtgärder kan sättas in vid ”rätt” tidpunkt av ”rätt” aktör. TIS-ramverket lyfts här fram som en metod för att skapa ett sådant underlag. Slutligen presenteras en metod för projektbedömningar som syftar till att stötta handläggare i utvärderingar av projekt inom nya teknikområden.Rapporten i sin helhet riktar sig särskilt till beslutsfattare och handläggare vid myndigheter, departement och politiker, men även andra organisationer och indi- vider med intresse av att högt ställda klimatmål ska kunna nås samtidigt som en positiv näringslivsutveckling möjliggörs.
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| 8. |
- Hultqvist, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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SnOx Atomic Layer Deposition on Bare Perovskite-An Investigation of Initial Growth Dynamics, Interface Chemistry, and Solar Cell Performance
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Energy Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2574-0962. ; 4:1, s. 510-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-end organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite semitransparent p-i-n solar cells for tandem applications use a phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/atomic layer deposition (ALD)-SnOx electron transport layer stack. Omitting the PCBM would be preferred for manufacturing, but has in previous studies on (FA,MA)Pb(Br,I)(3) and (Cs,FA)Pb(Br,I)(3) and in this study on Cs(0)(.0)(5)FA(0.79)MA(0.16)PbBr(0.51)I(2.49) (perovskite) led to poor solar cell performance because of a bias-dependent light-generated current. A direct ALD-SnOx exposure was therefore suggested to form a nonideal perovskite/SnOx interface that acts as a transport barrier for the light-generated current. To further investigate the interface formation during the initial ALD SnOx growth on the perovskite, the mass dynamics of monitor crystals coated by partial p-i-n solar cell stacks were recorded in situ prior to and during the ALD using a quartz crystal microbalance. Two major finds were made. A mass loss was observed prior to ALD for growth temperatures above 60 degrees C, suggesting the decomposition of the perovskite. In addition, a mostly irreversible mass gain was observed during the first exposure to the Sn precursor tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin(IV) that is independent of growth temperature and that disrupts the mass gain of the following 20-50 ALD cycles. The chemical environments of the buried interface were analyzed by soft and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for a sample with 50 ALD cycles of SnOx on the perovskite. Although measurements on the perovskite bulk below and the SnOx film above did not show chemical changes, additional chemical states for Pb, Br, and N as well as a decrease in the amount of I were observed in the interfacial region. From the analysis, these states and not the heating of the perovskite were concluded to be the cause of the barrier. This strongly suggests that the detrimental effects can be avoided by controlling the interfacial design.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Jacobsson Svärd, Staffan, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Verification of completeness of spent nuclear fuel assemblies by means of tomography
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Conference on the Physics of Reactors. - Switzerland : Paul Scherrer Institute. - 9783952140956
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Within the safeguards regime, new technologies are desired to allow for detection of possible diversion of individual fuel rods from an irradiated nuclear fuel assembly. A measurement technique, based on Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography, has been developed and demonstrated on a SVEA‑96 BWR assembly, which had been irradiated for one power cycle at the Forsmark 2 NPP. Images of the assembly’s internal distribution of the gamma-ray emitting isotope 140Ba/140La have been obtained tomographically, without requiring the assembly to be dismantled. Image analysis has been applied and the capability to detect the removal of a single rod from the assembly centre has been demonstrated. In addition, rod-activity reconstructions have been performed, involving detailed modelling of the gamma-ray transport through the fuel. An agreement of 3.1% (1 s) with data from the production code POLCA‑7 was demonstrated. An inspection procedure is suggested where tomographic data is collected, online image reconstruction is performed and image analysis is applied, resulting in a preliminary statement of the assembly’s completeness less than a minute after the measurement is completed. In cases where the completeness is questionable, an off-line rod-activity reconstruction can be performed, resulting in highly accurate data without the need for additional measurements.
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