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- Jacoby, Nori, et al.
(författare)
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Commonality and variation in mental representations of music revealed by a cross-cultural comparison of rhythm priors in 15 countries
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-3374. ; 8:5, s. 846-877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Music is present in every known society but varies from place to place. What, if anything, is universal to music cognition? We measured a signature of mental representations of rhythm in 39 participant groups in 15 countries, spanning urban societies and Indigenous populations. Listeners reproduced random ‘seed’ rhythms; their reproductions were fed back as the stimulus (as in the game of ‘telephone’), such that their biases (the prior) could be estimated from the distribution of reproductions. Every tested group showed a sparse prior with peaks at integer-ratio rhythms. However, the importance of different integer ratios varied across groups, often reflecting local musical practices. Our results suggest a common feature of music cognition: discrete rhythm ‘categories’ at small-integer ratios. These discrete representations plausibly stabilize musical systems in the face of cultural transmission but interact with culture-specific traditions to yield the diversity that is evident when mental representations are probed across many cultures.
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| 2. |
- Ozaki, Yuto, et al.
(författare)
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Globally, songs and instrumental melodies are slower and higher and use more stable pitches than speech: A Registered Report
- 2024
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - 2375-2548. ; 10:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both music and language are found in all known human societies, yet no studies have compared similarities and differences between song, speech, and instrumental music on a global scale. In this Registered Report, we analyzed two global datasets: (i) 300 annotated audio recordings representing matched sets of traditional songs, recited lyrics, conversational speech, and instrumental melodies from our 75 coauthors speaking 55 languages; and (ii) 418 previously published adult-directed song and speech recordings from 209 individuals speaking 16 languages. Of our six preregistered predictions, five were strongly supported: Relative to speech, songs use (i) higher pitch, (ii) slower temporal rate, and (iii) more stable pitches, while both songs and speech used similar (iv) pitch interval size and (v) timbral brightness. Exploratory analyses suggest that features vary along a “musi-linguistic” continuum when including instrumental melodies and recited lyrics. Our study provides strong empirical evidence of cross-cultural regularities in music and speech.
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| 5. |
- Polak, Rainer, et al.
(författare)
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Rhythmic Prototypes Across Cultures : A Comparative Study of Tapping Synchronization
- 2018
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Ingår i: Music perception. - : University of California Press. - 0730-7829 .- 1533-8312. ; 36:1, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IT HAS LONG BEEN ASSUMED THAT RHYTHM cognition builds on perceptual categories tied to prototypes defined by small-integer ratios, such as 1:1 and 2:1. This study aims to evaluate the relative contributions of both generic constraints and selected cultural particularities in shaping rhythmic prototypes. We experimentally tested musicians' synchronization (finger tapping) with simple periodic rhythms at two different tempi with participants in Mali, Bulgaria, and Germany. We found support both for the classic assumption that 1:1 and 2:1 prototypes are widespread across cultures and for culture-dependent prototypes characterized by more complex ratios such as 3:2 and 4:3. Our findings suggest that music-cultural environments specify links between music performance patterns and perceptual prototypes.
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