| 1. |
- Artibani, Walter, et al.
(författare)
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EAU Policy on Live Surgery Events.
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 66:1, s. 87-97
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Live surgery is an important part of surgical education, with an increase in the number of live surgery events (LSEs) at meetings despite controversy about their real educational value, risks to patient safety, and conflicts of interest.
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| 2. |
- Ljungberg, Börje, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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The epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Urology. - Arnhem : Elsevier Science. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 60:4, s. 615-621
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Kidney cancer is among the 10 most frequently occurring cancers in Western communities. Globally, about 270 000 cases of kidney cancer are diagnosed yearly and 116 000 people die from the disease. Approximately 90% of all kidney cancers are renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Objective: The causes of RCC are not completely known. We have reviewed known aetiologic factors.Evidence acquisition: The data provided in the current review are based on a thorough review of available original and review articles on RCC epidemiology with a systemic literature search using Medline.Evidence synthesis: Smoking, overweight and obesity, and germline mutations in specific genes are established risk factors for RCC. Hypertension and advanced kidney disease, which makes dialysis necessary, also increase RCC risk. Specific dietary habits and occupational exposure to specific carcinogens are suspected risk factors, but results in the literature are inconclusive. Alcohol consumption seems to have a protective effect for reasons yet unknown. Hardly any information is available for some factors that may have a high a priori role in the causation of RCC, such as salt consumption.Conclusions: Large collaborative studies with uniform data collection seem to be necessary to elucidate a complete list of established risk factors of RCC. This is necessary to make successful prevention possible for a disease that is diagnosed frequently in a stage where curative treatment is not possible anymore.
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| 3. |
- Witjes, J. Alfred, et al.
(författare)
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Hexaminolevulinate-Guided Fluorescence Cystoscopy in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Patients with Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer : Review of the Evidence and Recommendations
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 57:4, s. 607-614
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Compared with standard white-light cystoscopy, photodynamic diagnosis with blue light and the photosensitiser hexaminolevulinate has been shown to improve the visualisation of bladder tumours, reduce residual tumour rates by at least 20%, and improve recurrence-free survival. There is currently no overall European consensus outlining specifically where hexaminolevulinate is or is not indicated. Objective: Our aim was to define specific indications for hexaminolevulinate guided fluorescence cystoscopy in the diagnosis and management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Evidence acquisition: A European expert panel was convened to review the evidence for hexaminolevulinate-guided fluorescence cystoscopy in the diagnosis and management of NMIBC (identified through a PubMed MESH search) and available guidelines from across Europe. On the basis of this information and drawing on the extensive clinical experience of the panel, specific indications for the technique were then identified through discussion. Evidence synthesis: The panel recommends that hexaminolevulinate-guided fluorescence cystoscopy be used to aid diagnosis at initial transurethral resection following suspicion of bladder cancer and in patients with positive urine cytology but negative white-light cystoscopy for the assessment of tumour recurrences in patients not previously assessed with hexaminolevulinate, in the initial follow-up of patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) or multifocal tumours, and as a teaching tool. The panel does not currently recommend the use of hexaminolevulinate-guided fluorescence cystoscopy in patients for whom cystectomy is indicated or for use in the outpatient setting with flexible cystoscopy. Conclusions: Evidence is available to support the use of hexaminolevulinate-guided fluorescence cystoscopy in a range of indications, as endorsed by an expert panel. (c) 2010 European Association of Urology.
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