| 1. |
- Budkowski, Andrzej, et al.
(författare)
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Polymer Blends Spin-Cast into Films with Complementary Elements for Electronics and Biotechnology
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science. - Malden, MA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0021-8995 .- 1097-4628. ; 125:6, s. 4275-4284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Versatility of solution-processing strategy based on the simultaneous rather than additive deposition of different functional molecules is discussed. It is shown that spin-cast polymer blends result in films with domains that could form elements with complementary functions of (i) solar cells, (ii) electronic circuitries, and (iii) test plates for protein micro-arrays: Alternating layers, rich in electrondonating polyfluorene and electron-accepting fullerene derivative, result in optimized solar power conversion. Surface patterns, made by soft lithography, align conductive paths of conjugated poly(3-alkylthiophene) in dielectric polystyrene. Proteins, preserving their biologically activity, are adsorbed to hydrophobic domains of polystyrene in hydrophilic matrix of poly(ethylene oxide). The authors report the research progress on structure formation in three polymer blend families, resulting in films with complementary elements for electronics and biotechnology. Blend film structures are determined with secondary ion mass spectrometry, atomic force microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the authors present recent results on (i) structure formation in fullerene derivative/poly(3-alkylthiophene) blends intended for solar cells, (ii) 3-dimensional SIMS imaging of conductive paths of poly(3-alkylthiophene) in dielectric polystyrene, (iii) test lates for multiprotein micro-arrays fabricated with blend films of hydrophobic polystyrene and thermoresponsive poly (N-sopropylacrylamide).
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| 2. |
- Budkowski, Andrzej, et al.
(författare)
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Structures in multi-component polymer films : their formation, observation and applications in electronics and biotechnology
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica. A. - Warsaw : Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics. - 0587-4246 .- 1898-794X. ; 115:2, s. 435-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several strategies to form multicomponent films of functional polymers, with micron, submicron and nanometer structures, intended for plastic electronics and biotechnology are presented. These approaches are based on film deposition from polymer solution onto a rotating substrate (spin-casting), a method implemented already on manufacturing lines. Film structures are determined with compositional (nanometer) depth profiling and (submicron) imaging modes of dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry, near-field scanning optical microscopy (with submicron resolution) and scanning probe microscopy (revealing nanometer features). Self-organization of spin-cast polymer mixtures is discussed in detail, since it o®ers a one-step process to deposit and align simultaneously domains, rich in di®erent polymers, forming various device elements: (i) Surface segregation drives self-stratification of nanometer lamellae for solar cells and anisotropic conductors. (ii) Cohesion energy density controls morphological transition from lamellar (optimal for encapsulated transistors) to lateral structures (suggested for light emitting diodes with variable color). (iii) Selective adhesion to substrate microtemplates, patterned chemically, orders lateral structures for plastic circuitries. (iv) Submicron imprints of water droplets (breath figures) decorate selectively micron-sized domains, and can be used in devices with hierarchic structure. In addition, selective protein adsorption to regular polymer micropatterns, formed with soft lithography after spin-casting, suggests applications in protein chip technology. An approach to reduce lateral blend film structures to submicron scale is also presented, based on (annealed) films of multicomponent nanoparticles
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| 3. |
- Jaczewska, Justyna, et al.
(författare)
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Ordering domains of spin cast blends of conjugated and dielectric polymers on surfaces patterned by soft- and photo-lithography
- 2009
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Ingår i: Soft Matter. - London : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1744-683X. ; 5:1, s. 234-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spin casting polymer blends of conjugated and dielectric macromolecules onto chemically patterned metal and oxidized silicon surfaces might provide a simple method to fabricate polymer-based circuitries that can be integrated with conventional electronics. Such solution-processing of the blend components offers simultaneous deposition and pattern-directed alignment of the phase separated polymer domains. The alignment is driven by self-organization guided by preferential surface segregation. Here we demonstrate that the laterally arranged domain structures in spin cast films of theconjugated poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (P3ATs): P3BT, P3DDT and regioregular R-P3HT, blended with dielectric polystyrene (PS), can be ordered by three different surface templates. The templates are formed by a patterned self-assembled monolayer (SAM), micro-contact printed on the surface of interest, i.e. hexadecanethiols on gold (for alignment of P3DDT/PS blend) and octadecyltrichlorosilanes on oxidized silicon (for R-P3HT/PS). Additionally gold lines are micropatterned on SiO2 with photo-lithography (for P3BT/PS mixture). The forces driving pattern-directed self-organization of the polymers are discussed based on complementary studies of preferential surface segregation, observed for blend films spin cast on homogeneous surfaces that correspond to the different regions of the surface templates
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| 4. |
- Jaczewska, Justyna, et al.
(författare)
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Polymer vs Solvent Diagram of Film Structures Formed in Spin-Cast Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Blends
- 2008
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Ingår i: Macromolecules. - Washington : American Chemical Society. - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 41, s. 4802-4810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A polymer vs solvent diagram of film structures, formed in polystyrene (PS) blends (1:1 w:w PS/PT) with poly(3-alkylthiophenes) PT [regioregular R-P3DDT, R-P3HT and regiorandom P3BT, P3DDT] spincoated onto oxidized silicon surfaces from various common solvents [p-xylene, toluene, chloroform, chlorobenzene, cyclohexanone] is presented. The structures were determined with microscopic techniques (atomic, AFM and lateral, LFM, force microscopy, fluorescent microscopy FM) and dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (dSIMS). The diagram, arranged according to the solubility parameter of the PTs and the solvents, exhibits three main structural classes: dewetting, lamellar, and lateral (quasi-2-dim) morphology. Decrease in PT solubility parameter δPT inhibits dewetting of polymer films. It induces also a transition from lamellar to lateral film structure. Increase in solvent solubility parameter δS has similar effects. Such behavior is related to the stability of transient homogeneous films and multilayers in the course of spin-casting. The role of δPT and δS is elucidated based on the stability analysis performed in terms of spreading coefficient (dependent on δPT) and effective interfacial tension of solvent-rich polymer phase (dependent on δS).
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