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| 2. |
- Chylenski, Maciej, et al.
(författare)
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Patrilocality and hunter-gatherer-related ancestry of populations in East-Central Europe during the Middle Bronze Age
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demographic history of East-Central Europe after the Neolithic period remains poorly explored, despite this region being on the confluence of various ecological zones and cultural entities. Here, the descendants of societies associated with steppe pastoralists form Early Bronze Age were followed by Middle Bronze Age populations displaying unique characteristics. Particularly, the predominance of collective burials, the scale of which, was previously seen only in the Neolithic. The extent to which this re-emergence of older traditions is a result of genetic shift or social changes in the MBA is a subject of debate. Here by analysing 91 newly generated genomes from Bronze Age individuals from present Poland and Ukraine, we discovered that Middle Bronze Age populations were formed by an additional admixture event involving a population with relatively high proportions of genetic component associated with European hunter-gatherers and that their social structure was based on, primarily patrilocal, multigenerational kin-groups. By analysing 91 Bronze Age genomes from East-Central Europe, the authors discovered that Middle Bronze Age populations were formed by an admixture event involving hunter-gatherers and that the social structure of resulting population was primarily patrilocal.
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| 3. |
- Borglin, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Older people in Sweden with various degrees of present quality of life : their health, social support, everyday activities and sense of coherence.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Health & Social Care in the Community. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0966-0410 .- 1365-2524. ; 14:2, s. 136-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public health policies in most European countries are concerned with how to keep older people living independently with a qualitatively good life in the community as long as possible. However, knowledge about what may characterise those seemingly 'healthy' older people is sparse. The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of a sample of people (75+) reporting various degrees of Quality of Life (QoL) with respect to QoL in different areas, as well as self-rated health, health problems, social support, everyday activities and sense of coherence. A postal questionnaire was sent out in spring 2001 to a randomly selected population-based sample (n= 600) in the southern parts of Sweden. A two-step cluster analysis was performed (n= 385, mean age 84.6, SD = 5.7) with 'present QoL' as clustering attribute. Three groups were disclosed, classified as high, intermediate and low present QoL, of which 33.8% could be regarded being at risk of low QoL. Those with low present QoL (18.4%) were the oldest and most vulnerable, a majority were women with 'poor or bad' self-rated health, high frequencies of health problems, low total QoL, low social support and sense of coherence and less physically active. Those with high present QoL (47.8%) reported more 'excellent or good' self-rated health, physical activity, satisfactory social support and higher sense of coherence and total QoL than the other two groups. Those with intermediate present QoL (33.8%) had more of 'poor or bad' self-rated health, more health problems were less physically active, had lower total QoL and sense of coherence, and less social support than those with high present QoL. The sample seemed to reflect the ageing process in that the respondents were at different stages of ageing. However, the fact that the level of social support, sense of coherence and self-rated health followed the same curve as QoL may indicate that some are more vulnerable to low present QoL given the same health and these should be targeted in preventive programmes since they report low QoL.
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| 4. |
- Christiansson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in aircraft cabins - A source of human exposure?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1298 .- 0045-6535. ; 73:10, s. 1654-1660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Commercial aircrafts need a high degree of fire protection for passenger safety. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), may be used for this purpose. Because PBDEs readily absorb to dust particles, aircraft crew and passengers may receive significant PBDEs exposure via inhalation. The aims of this work were to assess whether PBDEs could be found in aircraft cabin dust and whether serum levels of PBDEs increased in passengers after long-distance flights. Hence nine subjects on intercontinental flights collected cabin dust samples, as well as donated blood samples before departure and after return to Sweden. Two subjects who were domestic frequent flyers were also investigated. The levels of PBDEs in dust and serum were determined by GC/MS in electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) mode. Authentic reference substances were used for identification and quantitation. PBDEs were found in all aircraft dust samples at high concentrations, higher than in common household dust. Congener patterns indicated that the technical products PentaBDE, OctaBDE and DecaBDE were used in the aircrafts. Serum concentrations in the travellers were similar to those observed in Swedish residents in general. Post-travel serum levels of BDE-28. BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, and BDE-154 were significantly higher(p<0.05) than concentrations prior to travel. The findings from this pilot study call for investigations of occupational exposures to PBDEs in cabin and cockpit crews. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Condelius, Anna, Universitetslektor, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Hospital admissions among people 65+ related to multimorbidity, municipal and outpatient care
- 2008
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Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - Shannon : Elsevier. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 46:1, s. 41-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed at examine the number of planned and acute hospital admissions during 1 year among people 65+ and its relation to municipal care, outpatient care, multimorbidity, age and sex. Four thousand nine hundred and seven individuals having one or more admissions during 2001 were studied. Data were collected from two registers and comparisons were made between those having one, two and three or more hospital stays and between those with and without municipal care and services. Linear regression was used to examine factors predicting number of acute and planned admissions. Fifteen percent of the sample had three or more hospital stays (range 3-15) accounting for 35% of all admissions. This group had significantly more contacts in outpatient care with physician (median number of contacts (md)=15), compared to those with one (md: 8), or two admissions (md: 11). Main predictors for number of admissions were number of diagnosis groups and number of contacts with physician in outpatient care. Those who are frequently admitted to hospital constitute a small group that consume a great deal of inpatient care and also tend to have frequent contacts in outpatient care. Thus interventions focusing on frequent admissions are needed, and this requires collaboration between outpatient and hospital care. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Condelius, Anna, Universitetslektor, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization of medical healthcare among people receiving long-term care at home or in special accommodation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 24:2, s. 404-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the utilization of medical healthcare, hospital care and outpatient care, during a 1-year period in relation to informal care, multimorbidity, functional status and health complaints and to long-term care at home or in special accommodation among people aged 65+, with one or more hospital admissions and receiving long-term care.Method: A total of 694 people receiving long-term care during the year 2001 were studied. Data were collected by means of the administrative registers Patient Administrative Support in Skåne and PrivaStat and through the study Good Ageing in Skåne. Those at home and those in special accommodation were compared regarding utilization of medical healthcare, informal care, multimorbidity, functional status and health complaints. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using at home vs. in special accommodation as the dependent variable and also two multiple linear regression analyses using the number of hospital stays and the number of contacts with the physician in outpatient care separately as dependent variables.Findings: Those at home were significantly younger (mean age: 81 vs. 84 years) and less dependent in personal and instrumental activities of daily living (PADL/IADL) than those in special accommodation. A larger proportion of those at home was admitted to hospital three times or more (21 vs. 14%) and they had significantly more contacts with physicians in outpatient care (md: 10 vs. md: 7). Informal care was associated with care at home (OR = 0.074) and with utilization of outpatient care (B = 2.045). Dependency in PADL was associated with care in special accommodation (OR = 1.375) and with utilization of hospital care (B = -0.060) and outpatient care (B = -0.581).Conclusion: Medical healthcare seems more accessible to those who live at home are younger, less dependent and who have access to informal caregivers.© 2009 Condelius et al. Journal compilation © 2009 Nordic College of Caring Science
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Fritz, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Prostaglandin-dependent modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission elicits inflammation-induced aversion in mice
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 126:2, s. 695-705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic inflammation causes malaise and general feelings of discomfort. This fundamental aspect of the sickness response reduces the quality of life for people suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases and is a nuisance during mild infections like common colds or the flu. To investigate how inflammation is perceived as unpleasant and causes negative affect, we used a behavioral test in which mice avoid an environment that they have learned to associate with inflammation-induced discomfort. Using a combination of cell-type-specific gene deletions, pharmacology, and chemogenetics, we found that systemic inflammation triggered aversion through MyD88-dependent activation of the brain endothelium followed by COX1-mediated cerebral prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) synthesis. Further, we showed that inflammation-induced PGE(2) targeted EP1 receptors on striatal dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons and that this signaling sequence induced aversion through GABA-mediated inhibition of dopaminergic cells. Finally, we demonstrated that inflammation-induced aversion was not an indirect consequence of fever or anorexia but that it constituted an independent inflammatory symptom triggered by a unique molecular mechanism. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that PGE(2)-mediated modulation of the dopaminergic motivational circuitry is a key mechanism underlying the negative affect induced by inflammation.
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| 9. |
- Jakobsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Competition for pollinators between invasive and native plants : Effects of spatial scale of investigation (note)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ecoscience. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1195-6860. ; 16:1, s. 138-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we show that spatial scale of investigation affects the estimated strength of competition for pollinators between an invasive and a native plant species. The effect of the invasive herb Oxalis pes-caprae on pollinator visits to the native herb Diplotaxis erucoides was studied when the invader was (1) totally present, (2) present on a large scale (of hectares) but absent on a small scale (of square metres), and (3) totally absent. No difference in number of pollinator visits to D. erucoides was found between treatment 1 and 3, i.e., between total presence and total absence of the invader. However, when the invader was removed in the small scale while still remaining in the large scale, a higher number of visits to the native was recorded. Our study thus shows the importance of incorporating multiple spatial scales to allow for investigation of hierarchical effects on competition for pollinators, and it suggests that small-scale studies of effects of invasive plants on pollinator visitation might risk overstating negative effects of the invader.
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| 10. |
- Jakobsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Pollen transfer from invasive Carpobrotus spp. to natives - a study of pollinator behaviour and reproduction success
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 141:1, s. 136-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of invasive plant species on native community composition is well-documented, but less is known about underlying mechanisms. Especially scarce is knowledge about effects on biotic interactions such as relationships between native plants and their pollinators. In this study we investigate if pollen transfer from the invasive and highly pollen productive Carpobrotus spp. affects seed production and/or seed quality in three native species. We monitored pollinator movements and pollen loads on pollinators and native stigmas, and in a field pollination experiment we investigated the effect of invasive pollen on reproduction. Invasive pollen adhered to pollinators, pollinators switched from Carpobrotus spp. to natives, invasive pollen was transferred to native stigmas, and it affected seed production in one species. Although all possible steps for interference with seed production were found to be qualitatively taken, invasive pollen has probably little impact on the native community because the frequency of invasive pollen transfer to natives was low. However, pollination interactions may change with plant abundance and our study provides evidence that pollen transfer from Carpobrotus spp. to natives does occur and have the potential to affect seed production. We found the species identity of shared pollinators to be of importance, higher flower constancy and lower capacity of pollen adherence are likely to result in less invasive pollen transfer.
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