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- Chard, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and cross-country differences in the determinants of sustainable diet intentions: a multigroup analysis of the UK, China, Sweden, and Brazil
- 2024
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Ingår i: FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY. - 1664-1078. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Gender differences have been identified in both the engagement in and the determinants of sustainable diet behaviours. However, as engagement in pro-environmental behaviours varies across countries, the consistency of gender differences could follow similar patterns. Understanding the factors underlying gender and country differences in diet intentions is important for determining how to promote sustainable diets in different populations.Methods Using survey data from the UK, China, Sweden and Brazil (N=4,569), this paper examines the influence of subjective norms, diet-related identity, perceived status of meat consumption, environmental identity and environmental concern on sustainable diet intentions. Multigroup analysis was used to explore gender and country differences in the influence of these variables, and whether gender differences were consistent across the four countries.Results The findings show that there are gender differences in the influence of diet-related identity and perceived status of meat consumption, as well as cross-country differences in all factors except subjective norms. Holding a strong diet-related meat identity negatively affected sustainable diet intentions in all groups. Crucially, however, gender differences are not consistent across countries.Discussion These results suggest that individuals' intentions to engage in sustainable diet behaviours are influenced by nationally unique gender associations.
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- Gärling, Tommy, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Performance of Out-of-Home Activities on Affective and Cognitive Subjective Well-Being
- 2009
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Ingår i: IAREP/SABE konferens "Behavioural Economics, Economic Psychology: Theory and Policy", Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada July 7-11 2009..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research shows that at an individual level, both affective and cognitive subjective well-being (SWB) are partly related to stable, possibly genetically determined personality traits. Other research demonstrates that SWB depends on life circumstances. For instance, indivduals with a higher income tend to have a higher SWB, although SWB does not seem to increase in proportion to increases in income over time. Previous research also provides evidence for the impact activity participation has on SWB. In contrast to life circumstances “happening” to people, performance of activities requires effort, and it has been asserted that performance of activities therefore add to SWB by being instrumental in achieving life goals (cognitive SWB). Performance of activities also lead to enjoyable affective experiences (affective SWB). Previous research has targeted activities that people themselves choose because they feel the activities are important to them. In the present study we investigate the impact on SWB of frequent out-of-home activities which people perform because of obligations, needs, or desires. The extent to which performance of such out-of-home activities increase or reduce SWB would be an important input to societal cost-benefit analyses of policies. In a survey of a population-based sample of 1,330 Swedish citizens, we examine the relationships between affective reactions to performing out-of-door activities (work or school; purchase of non-durables; other purchases; participating in sports, exercise or outdoor activities; participating in hobby, religious, course or club activities; visiting relatives or friends; visiting restaurant, café or entertainment/culture events; picking up or leaving children at school or day-care centre; participating in children’s leisure activities) and their impact on weekly affective SWB, global affective SWB and cognitive SWB. Multiple linear regression analyses yielded effects on SWB of socio-demographic variables (sex, age, income, education, urban vs rural residential area, marital status, children, and employment) consistent with previous research. Most variance was accounted for in cognitive SWB (7%), next most (3%) in global affective SWB and least in weekly affective SWB (2%). In contrast, reported affective reactions to performing the out-of-home activities in the previous week accounted for most variance (30%) in weekly affective SWB, next most (21%) in global affective SWB, and least (12%) in cognitive SWB. The effects of performance of activities on cognitive SWB were fully mediated by global affective SWB and the effects on the latter partially mediated by weekly affective SWB. Approximately 1% to 3 % of the variance in SWB accounted for by the sociodemographic variables was mediated by the affective reactions to performing the out-of-home activities. Taken together the results demonstrate how much more relative to life circumstances SWB depends on enjoyment in performing everyday activities. Furthermore, even though activities or episodes representing enjoyable peak events are better remembered by people and therefore has a positive impact, enjoying the hassles of everyday life appears to also have an important impact on SWB.
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- Jakobsson Bergstad, Cecilia, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Affective-symbolic and instrumental-independence psychological motives mediating effects of socio-demographic variables on daily car use
- 2011
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY. - 0966-6923. ; 19:1, s. 33-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An empirical study investigates the extent to which affective–symbolic and instrumental–independencepsychologicalmotives mediate effects of socio-demographicvariables on dailycar use in Sweden. Questionnaire data from a mail survey to 1134 car users collected in 2007 were used to assess the relationships dailycar use as driver or passenger have to sex, household type (single or cohabiting with or without children), and residential area (urban, semi-rural or rural). Reliable measures of affective–symbolic and instrumental–independencemotives were constructed. The results show that households with children use the car more than households with no children, that men make more car trips as drivers than women who use the car as passenger more than men, and that households living in rural areas use the car more than households living in semi-rural areas who use the car more than households living in urban areas. An affective–symbolicmotive partially mediates the relationship between the number of weekly car trips and sex, the instrumental–independencemotive partially mediates the relationships between weekly car use and percent car use as driver and several of the socio-demographicvariables (living in urban vs. rural residential area for both measures; sex and living in urban vs. semi-rural residential area for percent car use as driver). Of several other socio-demographicvariables (age, employment, and income) affecting car use, only the relationship of the number of cars to percent car use as driver was (partially) mediated by the instrumental–independencemotive.
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- Jakobsson Bergstad, Cecilia, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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An experimental study on policy makers’ communication about a congestion charge, individual value preferences, perceptions of arguments and acceptability
- 2012
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Ingår i: The 5th International Conference on Traffic and Transport Psychology, Groningen, The Netherlands, August 29-31.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An important part of the implementation of controversial policy measures such as congestion charging is the communication between policy makers and the public. This is a web-based experimental study aiming at studying acceptability of a suggested congestion charge and different types of arguments. The arguments were either framed as environmental, stressing gains such as sustainability both locally and globally, or economic arguments stressing gains such as reduced travel times, improved health and the use of revenues for investing in roads etc. The aim was further to investigate the relationships between biospheric and egoistic value preferences and the assessments of the arguments quality. The final sample consisted of 503 participants divided into three experimental conditions (economic arguments, environmental arguments and combined) and one control group. A generally low acceptability of the suggested charge was found, but it was significantly higher in all the experimental conditions. The egoistic arguments yielded the highest mean acceptability, and 28 percent of the respondents supported a charge being implemented in their city compared to 14 percent in the control group. Biospheric values were related to a more positive evaluation of the arguments in the environmental argument condition and more negative when judging the economic arguments.
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- Jakobsson Bergstad, Cecilia, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Influences of affect associated with routine out-of-home activities on subjective well-being
- 2012
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Ingår i: Applied Research in Quality of Life. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 1871-2584 .- 1871-2576. ; 7:1, s. 49-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A survey of a random sample of 1,330 Swedish residents assessed the relationships between affect associated with performance of routine out-of-home activities, mood, and judgments of life satisfaction (cognitive subjective wellbeing, CSWB). Regression analyses showed that sociodemographic variables accounted for most variance in CSWB (7%) and least in mood (2%). In agreement with previous research, CSWB increased with income, employment, and cohabiting with a spouse, and had a U-formed relationship with age. Affect associated with routine activities accounted for more variance than the socio-demographic variables in mood (30%) and in CSWB (13%). Mood partially mediated the effect on CSWB of affect associated with the activities. The results suggest that future policy-related research should consider the possibility that community-provided resources that facilitate performance of routine out-of-home activities would increase life satisfaction
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- Jakobsson Bergstad, Cecilia, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of socioeconomic factors in the diffusion of car sharing
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to put into relationship, the diffusion of car sharing practices and relevant individual sociodemographic and economic factors, the research started analysing the information in some of the national travel surveys administered throughout Europe. From this research, it emerged that in most of the cases information on the use of car sharing for daily mobility at a national level is of poor quality. In particular, the characteristics of car sharing members such as gender, age, car ownership and travel behaviour have been compared with the characteristics of the population living in the same country or city, coming from the national (or city) travel survey. Since there is an urgent demand to reduce the damaging impact of transportation on the environment (air pollution, noise pollution, reduced green areas, traffic accidents, etc.) in urban cities, we aim to answer the following question: What are the main behavioural, psychological and social factors influencing people’s choice to use car sharing? This main question can be operationalized in more specific sub questions: do users and nonusers of car sharing differ, regarding transport choices? Are there differences among ages and genders for specific services and demands? What are the main motives for using car sharing for users and non-users? Are the social, behavioural and psychological aspects influencing people’s intention to use car sharing? If so, to which extent does it occur? In order to answer those questions, this report was structured in 5 main sections: Section 1: In this section multiple sources were exploited in order to give insights about the impact of car sharing on travel behaviours, among different kind of users and different countries/ cities. Section 2: Based on the model of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the latent variables Attitudes, Perceived Behaviour Control (PBC), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Ease of Use (EU), Subjective Norms (SN), Trust, Personal Norms (PN) Environmental Awareness (EA) and Habit were tested in a linear regression model along with sociodemographic variables to predict behaviour intention to use car sharing. The data were collected by STARS partners along EU countries with users and non-users of car sharing. Section 3: In this case study, it is examined how car sharers in Flanders assess the services of different car sharing organisations. Focus was given on membership, car ownership, customer satisfaction, overall characteristics of the service, costs, flexibility and offer of cars with alternative fuels. The influence of socioeconomic factors in the diffusion of car sharing GA n°769513 Page 17 of 243 Section 4: This second case study analysed and compared behavioural data from URBI during two months in Berlin, Milan, Turin and Madrid. Focus was given to patterns and hourly distribution of trips. Section 5: This case study analysed and compared behavioural data for users and non-users of car sharing in Germany. Focus was given to social demographic variables, the use of smartphones, attitudes towards different transport modes, incentives to use car sharing, support to implement car sharing, characterization of users of car sharing and relation to the characteristics of services.
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