| 1. |
- Gynne, Annaliina, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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MKL:s utlysningar av FoU-medel 2015-2018
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport presenteras en studie som tar avstamp i en satsning på samproducerad forskning och utveckling vid Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, Mälardalens högskola (numera Mälardalens universitet). I studien undersöks de idéer om samproduktion/samproducerad FoU som framträder i två utlysningar av finansiella medel för samproducerade forsknings- och utvecklingsprojekt inom det utbildningsvetenskapliga fältet. Utlysningsomgångarna var initierade av lärosätets samverkansplattform för lärarutbildning, Mälardalens kompetenscentrum för lärande, MKL, och ägde rum 2015-2016 samt 2017-2018. Syftet med rapporten är att beskriva utlysningsprocesserna samt identifiera och analysera olika idéer om samverkan och samproducerad FoU som framträder i dessa. Detta har undersökts dels i relation till de övergripande utlysningsprocesserna, dels i relation till enskilda forskningsprojekt. I studien har ett omfattande textmaterial, som härstammar från utlysningsomgångarna, analyserats med hjälp av en deskriptiv och idéanalytisk ansats. Materialet delades upp på process- och projektdokumentation och analyserades utifrån syftet och de tre forskningsfrågorna: 1. Vilka idéer om samproducerad forskning och utveckling kan identifieras i dokumentationen, på process- och projektnivå?2. Hur beskrivs processer och deltagande aktörer, i termer av roller i samproduktion?3. Vilka förändringar gällande processer, roller och idéer om samproducerad forskning och utveckling kan urskiljas i dokumentationen över tid?Resultatredovisningen är uppdelad i två delar och följer utlysningsomgångarnas kronologi, dvs. analys av utlysningsomgång 1 efterföljs av analys av utlysningsomgång 2. I varje resultatkapitel presenteras först en analys av utlysningen på processnivå, efterföljt av en analys av projektnivå. I båda resultatkapitlen sammanfattas också resultaten.På processnivå framträder två idéer som centrala i och styrande för de två utlysningarna: samproduktion som metod samt samproduktion som delat ägarskap. På projektnivå har fyra övergripande idéer identifierats. Dessa är samproduktion som 1) nyttig för skolverksamhet, 2) nyttig för forskning och lärarutbildning, 3) ett vidare och kollektivt kunskapsbyggande samt 4) samproduktion som stärker samverkan. Dessa idéer och deras förekomst diskuteras i relation till ett antal kärnbegrepp inom samtida samverkansdiskurs. Även förändringar i processer, i samverkansaktörers rollbeskrivningar, och i hur idéerna framträder diskuteras. I slutsatser betonas bland annat vikten av att kunna handskas med utmaningar och att ta vara på möjligheter beträffande styrning av samproducerad FoU på processnivå, samt nödvändigheten av att lära av misslyckanden i samproduktion på både process- och projektnivå. Rapporten avslutas med fem rekommendationer för utveckling av framtida utlysningar av medel för FoU i samverkan.
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| 2. |
- Hajjari, Parisa, et al.
(författare)
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Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): comprehensive open-label trial in ten children
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmc Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in children with Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) has for many years been used on clinical indications, but the research evidence for its efficacy is insufficient. Methods Open-label prospective in-depth trial including ten children (median age 10.3 years) with PANS, who received IVIG treatment 2 g/kg monthly for three months. Primary outcomes were changes in symptom severity and impairment from baseline to first and second follow-up visits one month after first and one month after third treatment, using three investigator-rated scales: Paediatric Acute Neuropsychiatric Symptom (PANS) scale, Clinical Global Impression - Severity and Improvement (CGI-S and CGI-I) scales. Secondary outcomes reported here were changes in Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) scores, and side effects. Results All ten children received three treatments at one-month intervals according to study plan. From baseline to second follow-up marked reductions were seen in mean total PANS scale scores (p = .005), and CGI-S scores (p = .004). CGI-I ratings showed much to very much global improvement (mean CGI-I 1.8). Nine children had clinical response defined as > 30% reduction in PANS Scale scores. Improvements were also noted for CY-BOCS scores (p = .005), and in school attendance. Three children suffered moderate to severe temporary side effects after the first treatment, and the remaining seven had mild to moderate side effects. Side effects were much less severe after second and third treatments. Conclusions Considerable and pervasive improvements in symptoms and clinical impairments were seen in these ten children after three monthly IVIG treatments. Moderate to severe transient side effects occurred in three cases.
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| 3. |
- Hansson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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An ecological study of chronic kidney disease in five Mesoamerican countries : associations with crop and heat
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Mesoamerica is severely affected by an epidemic of Chronic Kidney Disease of non-traditional origin (CKDnt), an epidemic with a marked variation within countries. We sought to describe the spatial distribution of CKDnt in Mesoamerica and examine area-level crop and climate risk factors.METHODS: CKD mortality or hospital admissions data was available for five countries: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica and linked to demographic, crop and climate data. Maps were developed using Bayesian spatial regression models. Regression models were used to analyze the association between area-level CKD burden and heat and cultivation of four crops: sugarcane, banana, rice and coffee.RESULTS: There are regions within each of the five countries with elevated CKD burden. Municipalities in hot areas and much sugarcane cultivation had higher CKD burden, both compared to equally hot municipalities with lower intensity of sugarcane cultivation and to less hot areas with equally intense sugarcane cultivation, but associations with other crops at different intensity and heat levels were not consistent across countries.CONCLUSION: Mapping routinely collected, already available data could be a first step to identify areas with high CKD burden. The finding of higher CKD burden in hot regions with intense sugarcane cultivation which was repeated in all five countries agree with individual-level studies identifying heavy physical labor in heat as a key CKDnt risk factor. In contrast, no associations between CKD burden and other crops were observed.
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| 6. |
- Jakobsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Fear of movement was associated with sedentary behaviour 12 months after lumbar fusion surgery in patients with low back pain and degenerative disc disorder
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - 1471-2474. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Movement behaviours, such as sedentary behaviour (SB) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), are linked with multiple aspects of health and can be influenced by various pain-related psychological factors, such as fear of movement, pain catastrophising and self-efficacy for exercise. However, the relationships between these factors and postoperative SB and MVPA remain unclear in patients undergoing surgery for lumbar degenerative conditions. This study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative pain-related psychological factors and postoperative SB and MVPA in patients with low back pain (LBP) and degenerative disc disorder at6 and 12 months after lumbar fusion surgery. Methods: Secondary data were collected from 118 patients (63 women and 55 men; mean age 46 years) who underwent lumbar fusion surgery in a randomised controlled trial. SB and MVPA were measured using the triaxial accelerometer ActiGraph GT3X+. Fear of movement, pain catastrophising and self-efficacy for exercise served as predictors. The association between these factors and the relative time spent in SB and MVPA 6 and 12 months after surgery was analysed via linear regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Preoperative fear of movement was significantly associated with relative time spent in SB at 6 and 12 months after surgery (β = 0.013, 95% confidence interval = 0.004 to 0.022, p = 0.007). Neither pain catastrophising nor self-efficacy for exercise showed significant associations with relative time spent in SB and MVPA at these time points. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that preoperative fear of movement was significantly associated with postoperative SB in patients with LBP and degenerative disc disorder. This finding underscores the potential benefits of preoperative screening for pain-related psychological factors, including fear of movement, preoperatively. Such screenings could aid in identifying patients who might benefit from targeted interventions to promote healthier postoperative movement behaviour and improved health outcomes.
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| 7. |
- Jakobsson, Max, 1969-
(författare)
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Från industrier till upplevelser : en studie av symbolisk och materiell omvandling i Bergslagen
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In old industrial regions traces from historical mining and production of iron and steel have become a valuable resource in developing a tourism industry and other experience-oriented industries in the post-industrial society. The so called Experience Industry became a buzz-word in regional development programs during the 2000´s. The region of Bergslagen in the middle of Sweden is a good example of this structural change in economy which has been going on since the crisis of the steel industry in the middle of the 1970´s. In the 1980’s, the region was seen as one of the most depressed areas in Sweden, together with the sparsely populated north. Because of that, cultural heritage has been promoted to strengthen regional identity in Bergslagen. Strengthening regional identity is still a matter in regional development in the region, but today efforts are more concentrated on commercial use and packaging of heritage as experience in order to create an attractive image of Bergslagen. Statistical data shows that the regional labour market is changing. During the 1990s and early 2000s employment in the Experience Economy in Bergslagen has increased by almost 30 percent. The emerging labour force is in many ways different from the traditional patterns on the regional labour market. Traditionally marginalized group, such as women, young people and immigrants are well represented. But they are often low educated, low paid and part-time employed. On the other hand we also find a growing well educated and well paid group of employees. They are often in-migrants or commuters from places outside the region. Campaigns to promote Experience Industries on the local level are common in many places in the region. Local campaigns tend to focus on tourism and the commercial use of the typical industrial heritage associated with Bergslagen. However, the regional identity is often considered a problem due to the negative image of Bergslagen which where formed after the crisis for the steel industry. Although there is a tendency towards a more positive approach to Bergslagen, developers and politicians often still claim that they rather use other local and regional identities in place marketing than being a place in Bergslagen.
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| 8. |
- Jakobsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Level of Evidence for Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of Physical Capacity Tasks Designed to Assess Functioning in Patients With Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review Using the COSMIN Standards.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Therapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1538-6724 .- 0031-9023. ; 99:4, s. 457-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Physical capacity tasks (ie, observer-administered outcome measures that comprise a standardized activity) are useful for assessing functioning in patients with low back pain. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the level of evidence for the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of physical capacity tasks. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and relevant reference lists were used as data sources. STUDY SELECTION: Two authors independently selected articles addressing the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of physical capacity tasks, and a third author resolved discrepancies. DATA EXTRACTION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT: One author performed data extraction, and a second author independently checked the data extraction for accuracy. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality with the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) 4-point checklist, and a third author resolved discrepancies. DATA SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS: Data synthesis was performed by all authors to determine the level of evidence per measurement property per physical capacity task. The 5-repetition sit-to-stand, 5-minute walk, 50-ft (∼15.3-m) walk, Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation, and Timed "Up & Go" tasks displayed moderate to strong evidence for positive ratings of both reliability and construct validity. The 1-minute stair-climbing, 5-repetition sit-to-stand, shuttle walking, and Timed "Up & Go" tasks showed limited evidence for positive ratings of responsiveness. LIMITATIONS: The COSMIN 4-point checklist was originally developed for patient-reported outcome measures and not physical capacity tasks. CONCLUSIONS: The 5-repetition sit-to-stand, 50-ft walk, 5-minute walk, Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation, Timed "Up & Go," and 1-minute stair-climbing tasks are promising tests for the measurement of functioning in patients with chronic low back pain. However, more research on the measurement error and responsiveness of these tasks is needed to be able to fully recommend them as outcome measures in research and clinical practice.
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| 9. |
- Jakobsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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One-minute stair climbing, 50-foot walk, and timed up-and-go were responsive measures for patients with chronic low back pain undergoing lumbar fusion surgery
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPhysical capacity tasks are useful tools to assess functioning in patients with low back pain (LBP), but evidence is scarce regarding the responsiveness (ability to detect change over time) and minimal important change (MIC). The aim was to investigate the responsiveness and MIC of 5-min walk, 1-min stair climbing, 50-ft walk, and timed up-and-go in patients with chronic LBP undergoing lumbar fusion surgery.MethodsIn this clinimetric study, 118 patients scheduled for lumbar fusion surgery for motion-elicited chronic LBP with degenerative changes were included. All patients performed the physical capacity tasks 5-min walk, 1-min stair climbing, 50-ft walk, and timed up-and-go 8-12weeks before and six months after surgery. Responsiveness was evaluated by testing five a priori responsiveness hypotheses. The hypotheses concerned the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and correlations (Spearman's rho) between the change scores of the physical capacity tasks, the Oswestry Disability Index 2.0 (ODI), and back pain intensity measured with visual analog scale (VAS). At least 80% of the hypotheses would have to be confirmed for adequate responsiveness. Absolute and relative MICs for improvement were determined by the optimal cut-off point of the ROC curve based on the classification of improved and unchanged patients according to construct-specific global perceived effect (GPE) scales.ResultsOne-minute stair climbing, 50-ft walk and timed up-and-go displayed adequate responsiveness ( 80% of hypotheses confirmed), while 5-min walk did not (40% of hypotheses confirmed). The absolute MICs for improvement were 45.5m for 5-min walk, 20.0 steps for 1-min stair climbing, -0.6s for 50-ft walk, and-1.3s for timed up-and-go.ConclusionsThe results of responsiveness for 1-min stair climbing, 50-ft walk, and timed up-and-go implies that these have the ability to detect changes in physical capacity over time in patients with chronic LBP who have undergone lumbar fusion surgery.
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| 10. |
- Jakobsson, Max
(författare)
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Outcome Measures of Functioning and Physical Activity in Patients with Low Back Pain - Exemplified in Patients Who Undergo Lumbar Fusion Surgery
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Chronic low back pain (LBP) can negatively affect health in terms of disability and decreased levels of functioning and physical activity. Chronic LBP due to degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a subgroup of LBP for which lumbar fusion surgery (LFS) is a treatment option. LFS is usually evaluated with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of disability, but physical capacity tasks measuring functioning and accelerometers measuring physical activity can complement the use of PROMs to better understand patients’ health. AIM: To investigate aspects of the measurement of functioning and physical activity in patients with LBP. METHODS: In Study I, articles on physical capacity tasks for patients with LBP were systematically identified and the level of evidence for the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the tasks was determined. Studies II‒IV included patients with chronic LBP due to DDD scheduled for LFS. In Study II, the responsiveness and minimal important change of four physical capacity tasks were investigated with hypothesis testing and the optimal cutoff point method. In Study III, patients’ preoperative level of physical activity was studied with accelerometers. Associations with potential barriers to physical activity were investigated with regression analysis. In Study IV, preoperative predictors of the patients’ levels of physical activity and disability six months after surgery were investigated with regression analysis. RESULTS: Five-repetition sit-to-stand, five-minute walk, 50-foot walk, progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation, and timed up-and-go demonstrated the best evidence for reliability and validity for patients with chronic LBP (Study I). Of these, five-repetition sit-to-stand also showed adequate responsiveness. One-minute stair climbing demonstrated adequate results for both reliability and responsiveness. In Studies II–IV, 118 patients with chronic LBP due to DDD were included. Fifty- foot walk, timed up-and-go, and one-minute stair climbing demonstrated adequate responsiveness while 5-minute walk did not (Study II). Ninety-eight patients did not fulfill the WHO recommendations on physical activity, of whom 32 did not accumulate a single minute of the required 150 minutes per week of physical activity. Moreover, high levels of fear of movement and disability were associated with a low preoperative level of physical activity (Study III). A low preoperative level of physical activity and a high preoperative level of self-efficacy for exercise were predictors of a larger increase in the postoperative physical activity. A high preoperative level of disability and low preoperative levels of pain catastrophizing and self-efficacy for exercise were predictors of a more favorable outcome for disability (Study IV). CONCLUSIONS: Fifty-foot walk and timed up-and-go showed adequate results for reliability, validity, and responsiveness and are recommended for assessment of functioning in patients with chronic LBP due to DDD undergoing LFS. Future pre- and postoperative interventions targeting fear of movement and disability might increase the level of physical activity in physically-inactive patients. The prediction model of physical activity could possibly be used in clinical practice to predict which patients are in need of extra pre- and postoperative interventions to increase their level of physical activity.
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