| 1. |
- Valkonen, Janne K., et al.
(författare)
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Variation in predator species abundance can cause variable selection pressure on warning signaling prey
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 2:8, s. 1971-1976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predation pressure is expected to drive visual warning signals to evolve toward conspicuousness. However, coloration of defended species varies tremendously and can at certain instances be considered as more camouflaged rather than conspicuous. Recent theoretical studies suggest that the variation in signal conspicuousness can be caused by variation (within or between species) in predators' willingness to attack defended prey or by the broadness of the predators' signal generalization. If some of the predator species are capable of coping with the secondary defenses of their prey, selection can favor reduced prey signal conspicuousness via reduced detectability or recognition. In this study, we combine data collected during three large-scale field experiments to assess whether variation in avian predator species (red kite, black kite, common buzzard, short-toed eagle, and booted eagle) affects the predation pressure on warningly and non-warningly colored artificial snakes. Predation pressure varied among locations and interestingly, if common buzzards were abundant, there were disadvantages to snakes possessing warning signaling. Our results indicate that predator community can have important consequences on the evolution of warning signals. Predators that ignore the warning signal and defense can be the key for the maintenance of variation in warning signal architecture and maintenance of inconspicuous signaling.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Axelin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Pain in early life (pearl) – a network for pain research and education
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSmall children are especially vulnerable to the deleterious effects of pain. High quality research is needed to protect young children from the negative effects of pain. Previously pediatric pain research in the Nordic region was severely limited; hampered by small samples and small-scale, time-consuming studies carried out by a few dedicated researchers. The similarities across the Nordic countries, concerning population composition, healthcare systems, and culture, made it reasonable to join forces for advances in child pain research and evidence-based practice. Methods In 2014, a group of Nordic researchers from the field of pain in early life gathered for a workshop in Örebro, Sweden. The participants knew each other from conferences or participation in common projects. Several were also collaborators, trainees, or alumni in the Canadian Pain in Child Health (PICH) network. The group decided to form a new network with the vision: To be a stable and competent research and training network within the area of pain in early life. The network was named PEARL – Pain in EARly Life. Three areas of work were defined: to provide parents with evidence-based information on pain relieving strategies, to provide healthcare professionals with evidence-based tools for the management of pain, and to perform collaborative research. Results Since then, PEARL has held yearly lecture days about pain in early life in Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark and thereby reached hundreds of clinicians. The meeting in Denmark was organized together with PICH as a PICH2Go-event with participants from 13 countries around the world. Four trainees have been awarded their PhD-degree, three members have become associate professors and two have become full professors. In all, 24 persons from the Nordic countries, Poland and Canada are members of PEARL. In the past 5 years, researchers from PEARL have published 94 papers about pain and stress (Fig 1). In a collaborative project, the pain assessment scale PIPP-R has been translated and culturally adapted for four Nordic languages. PEARL has established a website in six languages, with sections for parents, professionals and researchers: www.pearl.direct.Conclusion In five years, PEARL has had significant impact in pediatric pain research and attracted new collaborators and students. Moving forward, PEARL will focus on increasing its collaboration with other research groups. We will also make an effort to strengthen and develop parent partnerships and collaboration to ensure the best research and care possible for vulnerable small children.
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| 4. |
- Babacic, Haris, et al.
(författare)
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Glioblastoma stem cells express non-canonical proteins and exclusive mesenchymal-like or non-mesenchymal-like protein signatures
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular Oncology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1574-7891 .- 1878-0261. ; 17:2, s. 238-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glioblastoma (GBM) cancer stem cells (GSCs) contribute to GBM's origin, recurrence, and resistance to treatment. However, the understanding of how mRNA expression patterns of GBM subtypes are reflected at global proteome level in GSCs is limited. To characterize protein expression in GSCs, we performed in-depth proteogenomic analysis of patient-derived GSCs by RNA-sequencing and mass-spectrometry. We quantified > 10 000 proteins in two independent GSC panels and propose a GSC-associated proteomic signature characterizing two distinct phenotypic conditions; one defined by proteins upregulated in proneural and classical GSCs (GPC-like), and another by proteins upregulated in mesenchymal GSCs (GM-like). The GM-like protein set in GBM tissue was associated with necrosis, recurrence, and worse overall survival. Through proteogenomics, we discovered 252 non-canonical peptides in the GSCs, i.e., protein sequences that are variant or derive from genome regions previously considered non-protein-coding, including variants of the heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins implicated in RNA splicing. In summary, GSCs express two protein sets that have an inverse association with clinical outcomes in GBM. The discovery of non-canonical protein sequences questions existing gene models and pinpoints new protein targets for research in GBM.
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| 5. |
- Berden, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Smart Construction logistics
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The growth in urban population and economic upturn is leading to higher demand for construction, repair and renovation works in cities. Houses, public utilities, retail spaces, offices and infrastructure need to adapt to cope with the increasing number of residents and visitors, urban functions and changing standards. Construction projects contribute to more attractive, sustainable and economically viable urban areas once they are finished. However, transport activities related to construction works have negative impacts on the surrounding community if not handled appropriately. It is estimated that 15 to 20 percent of heavy goods vehicles in cities are related to construction, and 30 to 40 percent of light commercial vans [1]. In the cities studied in the CIVIC project, construction-related transport was found to be one of the biggest challenges to improving sustainability. Smarter, cleaner and safer construction logistics solutions in urban areas are needed for environmental, societal and economic reasons. However, in many European cities and metropolitan areas the sense of urgency is not evident or a lack of knowledge is creating passivity. The goal of the CIVIC project is to facilitate and support efficient, sustainable and broadly endorsed transport to, from and around urban construction sites that minimises disruption in the surrounding community, improves construction productivity and optimises energy efficiency. The CIVIC project found that the impact of construction works on mobility and livability of a city was only a very limited part of the urban planning in the cities studied: Amsterdam, Vienna, Brussels, Stockholm and Gothenburg. The studied cities focused on large-scale infrastructure projects such as building motorways, railway stations and underground train systems or development projects, for example, whole new city areas. It is not only these large projects that need to be considered focusing on the impact of construction related transports. Additionally, there are many small-scale development projects in cities with a combination of different official and private actors. Contractors and developers/clients are displaying increasing interest in construction logistics since research shows that improved construction logistics can improve the productivity of a construction project by about 30 percent. Construction companies using innovative logistics concepts see less congestion around the sites and improved productivity and road safety. Thus, there is a need to align public planning coordinating construction projects with traffic planning in order to manage city infrastructure bottlenecks. The ultimate goal is coordinated planning between the public partner of construction projects and the private construction contractors and developers on the necessary measures for mobility, livability and road safety in the city. This handbook has been developed for local governments, clients, developers, contractors, or any other actor that can influence logistics planning and the setup of construction projects. It can help local governments collaborating with private partners to realise more sustainable, and safer, construction works with less inconvenience and cleaner air. In addition, it can help clients, developers and contractors to ensure smooth and efficient construction operations. Hence, sustainable construction logistics could be a future deal-breaker. The handbook first provides a description of the challenges of urban construction logistics and the governance of construction logistics. Secondly, it presents the Smart Governance Concept developed under the CIVIC project, combining different tools to improve construction logistics and its governance. This concept can be applied on two levels: the city level and the project level. On a city level, a sense of shared ownership and urgency should be created to optimise construction logistics on the project level. This is the first step of the concept. Steps 2 to 6 outline different tools and methods for the development of a solution: in step 2, a conceptual solution is required to create a common understanding of the prerequisites for the specific project and possible methods for organising logistics. Step 3 entails the different instruments, policies and guidelines that are needed for creating the formal conditions for the solution. In step 4, the specific stakeholders are involved to identify important criteria that influence the selection of the final solution. Step 5 then aims to select the final solution by providing cost calculations and traffic optimisation models. Step 6 entails the collection of data and follow-ups of KPIs. The final step 7 regards the evaluation of the different projects that feed back into the continuous development process of the optimisation of construction logistics at a city level. This final step is presented together with step 1 since these both concern the city level. The Smart Governance Concept should be part of development/construction projects from the very beginning, meaning from the planning phase.
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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The MIMIC construction logistics game : facilitating group discussion and understanding of construction logistics through gameplay
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to describe the development of an innovative planning tool to promote the knowledge and collaboration needed to overcome challenges in the sanitation sector. A serious game was designed to share knowledge about resource recovery and support attitude-change and collaboration between stakeholders. This study documents the co-design process of game development from conception based on a set of specifications the game should achieve, through iterative testing with relevant stakeholders as players. The resulting prototype of the game showed that it was not possible to include all the original desired specifications in the final game. Stakeholders found that the game was engaging, stimulated creativity and achieved its goal.
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| 7. |
- Bergström, Karl, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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The MIMIC construction logistics game: facilitating group discussion and understanding of construction logistics through gameplay
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:1.15 – 1.19
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- n order to facilitate discussion on construction logistic solutions in both homogenous and heterogeneous groups, the MIMIC CLS game has been developed, that allows players to negotiate transport routes and common logistics solutions surrounding an abstract construction area. Through game mechanics specially chosen to create appropriate friction between the players, discussion on the topics of the game is stimulated. The design process included significant amounts of testing and provided two key insights: the manner in which specific game design patterns influenced the game's purpose, and the difficulties involved in creating, playing and presenting games for a target group with little or no experience of games. It was also evident that a designated game facilitator made it possible to further reinforce the impact of the game, and likely necessary to be able to use it in an appropriate timeframe. Future venues of work include the integration of the game and subsequent discussions into an overall workshop format.
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| 8. |
- Brusselaers, Nicolas, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Economic, social and environmental impact assessment for off-site construction logistics: the data availability issue
- 2020
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Ingår i: World Sustainable Built Environment - Beyond 2020. - : IOP Publishing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. The ongoing urbanization trend makes local governments densify their built environment, hence stimulating construction and renovation works in urban areas. Construction intrinsically strongly relies on logistics activities, which in turn are the source of environmental nuisances. The latter are referred to as external costs when they are not borne by the polluter himself, such as greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, congestion, etc. Accurate external cost calculations require accurate data to consider significant calculation-variables. However, current calculations are often based on the number of vehicles used and on transported volume rather than vehicle- or tonne-kilometres, hence not adequate to conduct external cost calculations. Methods. The MIMIC-project1 aims to reduce the impact of construction logistics. Therefore, an integrated impact assessment framework will be developed, assessing the economic and environmental influence of different off-site construction logistics solutions. The necessary data to conduct such an impact assessment are however not always available, complicating calculations. This paper highlights the current gap in accurate data on urban construction logistics flows, the considerable uncertainty about existing figures on construction transport and their methodology, and presents the data availability issue in the development of such a framework, using empirical research. Results. Logistics flows data are typically scattered amongst different actors and various in format. Harmonizing different data categories and sources to feed the framework with relevant logistics variables, this paper presents what is possible to calculate using available data in 4 pilot cases in Belgium, Sweden, Norway and Austria. The various data sources highlight the complexity to develop a framework flexible enough to cope with specific local constraints, whilst generic enough to allow comparability across the European cases, and ultimately across construction logistics globally. Furthermore, a shift is needed towards other data collection methods (GPS, digital waybills etc.). Conclusions. This paper presents the data availability issue in the development of an impact assessment framework for construction logistics, harmonizing different data sources in order to conduct external cost calculations for construction transport.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Chang, Kuang Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Substantial hysteresis in emergent temperature sensitivity of global wetland CH4 emissions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1, s. 2266-2266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wetland methane (CH4) emissions ([Formula: see text]) are important in global carbon budgets and climate change assessments. Currently, [Formula: see text] projections rely on prescribed static temperature sensitivity that varies among biogeochemical models. Meta-analyses have proposed a consistent [Formula: see text] temperature dependence across spatial scales for use in models; however, site-level studies demonstrate that [Formula: see text] are often controlled by factors beyond temperature. Here, we evaluate the relationship between [Formula: see text] and temperature using observations from the FLUXNET-CH4 database. Measurements collected across the globe show substantial seasonal hysteresis between [Formula: see text] and temperature, suggesting larger [Formula: see text] sensitivity to temperature later in the frost-free season (about 77% of site-years). Results derived from a machine-learning model and several regression models highlight the importance of representing the large spatial and temporal variability within site-years and ecosystem types. Mechanistic advancements in biogeochemical model parameterization and detailed measurements in factors modulating CH4 production are thus needed to improve global CH4 budget assessments.
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