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- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term stimulant treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Archives of general psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0003-990X. ; 54, s. 857-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We wanted to study the effects of amphetamine on symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) over a longer period than has been reported in previous studies of central stimulants in this condition. Methods: Sixty-two children, aged 6 to 11 years, meeting DSM-III-R symptom criteria for ADHD participated in a parallel-group design, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of amphetamine treatment. Treatment was not restricted to children with "pure" ADHD, ie, some had comorbid diagnoses. In the amphetamine group, children received active treatment for 15 months. Results: Amphetamine was clearly superior to placebo in reducing inattention, hyperactivity, and other disruptive behavior problems and tended to lead to improved results on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised. Treatment failure rate was considerably lower and time to treatment failure was longer in the amphetamine group. Adverse effects were few and relatively mild. Conclusion: The results of this long-term, placebo-controlled study of the central stimulant amphetamine in the treatment of ADHD indicate that there are remaining positive effects of the drug 15 months after starting treatment.
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- Janols, Lars-Olof, 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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Central stimulants in the Treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents : A naturalistic study of the prescription in Sweden 1977-2007
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 63:6, s. 508-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Central stimulants in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. A naturalistic study of the prescription in Sweden, 1977-2007. Nord J Psychiatry 2009; 63: 508-516. Background: An increased prescription of central stimulants (CS) for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents has been reported in Sweden. Aims: To follow-up the treatment with CS as concerns total as well as regional differences in prescription rate. Efficacy and side-effects reported and gender differences in prescription over time also have been summarized. Methods: Data from the Swedish Medical Products Agency (MPA) of individual licences, annual reports about patients on individual or clinic licences from the MPA and sales statistics from the National Pharmacy (Apoteket AB) have been used. Results: The number of new licences and prescriptions increased dramatically from 1992 to 2007 and a change of preparations was seen. Great differences (fivefold) between the 21 counties of Sweden were noticed. In the follow-up reports to the MPA, a good/moderate treatment effect was reported in 92% and adverse effects were reported in 4% leading to discontinuation of medication in 46% of them. Abuse/misuse of the preparation was suspected in 0.2% of the reports. A tendency of a reduction of the proportion of boys to girls treated through individual licences has been seen. Conclusions: The study, although observational, supports good efficacy, limited adverse effects and a low degree of misuse in clinical use of CS for children and adolescents with ADHD.
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- Kadesjö, Björn, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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The FTF (Five to Fifteen): the development of a parent questionnaire for the assessment of ADHD and comorbid conditions.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European child & adolescent psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 13 Suppl 3, s. 3-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the development of a new parent questionnaire ("Five to Fifteen", or the FTF) for elicitation of symptoms and problems typical of ADHD and its comorbidities. The FTF comprises 181 statements related to behavioural or developmental problems that can be endorsed as either "does not apply" (0), applies sometimes or to some extent" (1), "definitely applies" (2), plus a number of open-ended questions including some about the child's strengths. The items are arranged into eight different domains (memory, learning, language, executive functions, motor skills, perception, social skills, and emotional/behavioural problems), most of which can be subdivided into subdomains. For each domain, a mean score ranging from 0-2 can be calculated. A representative sample (n=1350) of the total population of 6-15-year-old children was targeted. Parents of 63% of these completed a questionnaire and returned it to the researchers. Boys showed significantly more problems than did girls across domains and age. Younger children had more problems than pre-adolescents and adolescents (except in the domains of social skills and emotional/behavioural problems). Executive dysfunction was common, and 5.3% of all children in the population had clear problems suggesting a diagnosis of ADHD according to parent report. The paper provides means, medians, and 90(th) and 95(th) centiles for individual items as well as for the eight domains. The Discussion centres on whether or not the FTF can (or should) be used in school-aged children for the identification of children at risk for ADHD or other early childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorder.
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