| 1. |
- Arne, Mats, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical activity and quality of life in subjects with chronic disease : chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared with rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 27:3, s. 141-147
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Chronic diseases interfere with the life situation of the affected person in different ways. The aim was to compare the burden of disease in three chronic diseases - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diabetes mellitus (DM) - and in healthy subjects, with a particular interest in physical activity, quality of life, and psychological health. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Postal survey questionnaire to a stratified, random population of 68 460 subjects aged 18-84 years in Sweden. The subjects included were 40-84 years old (n = 43 589) and data were analysed for COPD (n = 526), RA (n = 1120), DM (n = 2149) and healthy subjects (n = 6960). RESULT: Some 84% of subjects with COPD, 74% (RA), 72% (DM), and 60% in healthy subjects (p < 0.001, COPD versus RA, DM, and healthy subjects) had a physical activity level considered too low to maintain good health according to guidelines. Quality of life (EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire, EQ-5D) was lower in COPD and RA than in DM. Anxiety/depression was more common in subjects with COPD (53%) than in those with RA (48%) and DM (35%) (p < 0.001, COPD versus RA and DM), whereas mobility problems were more common in RA (55%) than COPD (48%) and DM (36%) (p < 0.001, RA versus COPD and DM). All differences between groups remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic background factors. CONCLUSION: Subjects with chronic diseases had a low level of physical activity, most evident in subjects with COPD. COPD and RA had a higher negative impact on quality of life than DM. Our results indicate that increased attention regarding physical inactivity in subjects with chronic diseases is needed to minimize the burden of disease.
|
|
| 2. |
- Abugabbara, Marwan, et al.
(författare)
-
How to develop fifth-generation district heating and cooling in Sweden? : Application review and best practices proposed by middle agents
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Energy Reports. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2352-4847. ; 9, s. 4971-4983
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has an ambitious plan to fully decarbonise district heating by 2030 and to contribute with negative emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050. The vagaries of the energy market associated with climate, political, and social changes entail cross-sectoral integration that can fulfill these national targets. Fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) is a relatively new concept of district energy systems that features a simultaneous supply of heating and cooling using power-to-heat technologies. This paper presents best practices for developing 5GDHC systems in Sweden to reach a consensus view on these systems among all stakeholders. A mixed-method combining best practice and roadmapping workshops has been used to disseminate mixed knowledge and experience from middle agents representing industry professionals and practitioners. Four successful implementations of 5GDHC systems are demonstrated and the important learned lessons are shared. The best practices are outlined for system planning, system modeling and simulation, prevailing business models for energy communities, and system monitoring. A roadmap from the middle agents’ point of view is composed and can be utilised to establish industry standards and common regulatory frameworks. © 2023 The Author(s)
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical activity level and its clinical correlates in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : a cross-sectional study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 14, s. 128-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Decreased physical activity is associated with higher mortality in subjects with COPD. The aim of this study was to assess clinical characteristics and physical activity levels (PALs) in subjects with COPD. Methods: Seventy-three subjects with COPD (67 +/- 7 yrs, 44 female) with one-second forced expiratory volume percentage (FEV1%) predicted values of 43 +/- 16 were included. The ratio of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) was used to define the physical activity level (PAL) (PAL = TEE/RMR). TEE was assessed with an activity monitor (ActiReg), and RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry. Walking speed (measured over 30-meters), maximal quadriceps muscle strength, fat-free mass and systemic inflammation were measured as clinical characteristics. Hierarchical linear regression was applied to investigate the explanatory values of the clinical correlates to PAL. Results: The mean PAL was 1.47 +/- 0.19, and 92% of subjects were classified as physically very inactive or sedentary. The walking speed was 1.02 +/- 0.23 m/s, the quadriceps strength was 31.3 +/- 11.2 kg, and the fat-free mass index (FFMI) was 15.7 +/- 2.3 kg/m(2), identifying 42% of subjects as slow walkers, 21% as muscle-weak and 49% as FFM-depleted. The regression model explained 45.5% (p < 0.001) of the variance in PAL. The FEV1% predicted explained the largest proportion (22.5%), with further improvements in the model from walking speed (10.1%), muscle strength (7.0%) and FFMI (3.0%). Neither age, gender nor systemic inflammation contributed to the model. Conclusions: Apart from lung function, walking speed and muscle strength are important correlates of physical activity. Further explorations of the longitudinal effects of the factors characterizing the most inactive subjects are warranted.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Nationella och internationella erfarenheter från energirenovering med stor energibesparing
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Bygg och teknik. - 0281-658X. ; , s. 46-50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- För att nå energimålen för bebyggelsen till 2020, uppsatta av EU och av den svenska regeringen, är det nödvändigt att inte bara minska energianvändningen i nybyggnader utan att även energieffektivisera befintlig bebyggelse. När renovering ändå genomförs finns stora möjligheter att utföra energibesparande åtgärder och på samma gång höja inomhuskomforten för de boende.
|
|
| 6. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
The architects and the residents are in charge of the indoor temperature
- 2013
-
Ingår i: ; , s. 536-548
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced energy consumption is an important strategy for climate change mitigation. Buildings, worldwide, accounts for 40 % of the primary energy use and 24 % of greenhouse gas emissions.There are studies and publications indicating that problems with high indoor temperature during summer are increasing in residential buildings designed as passive houses and low-energy buildings.The objective of this study is to investigate and quantify the effect of different measures that may reduce the risk of high indoor temperature for dwellings in summer. The result may serve as guidelines for architects and consultants in early design stages.This study examined the effect of different measures that may be applied to reduce the indoor temperature in dwellings in summer by simulations using IDA ICE 4.5. Hence, the results should only be used for residential buildings.The simulations show that for residential buildings the duration of high indoor temperature increases when taking the step from the standard concept to the low-energy concept, regardless of investigated option. However the increase in duration is low compared to decreases of high indoor temperature, possible to reach by different airing strategies or different measures to reduce thesolar insolation.Airing must be presumed in order to achieve and maintain a high thermal comfort during summer without mechanical cooling. High indoor temperatures cannot be solved with only shading and window sizes. Therefore; Always create possibilities for airing, which requires operable windows, doors or airing panels. Mechanical automated control may be a suitable feature in order to reducethe effort required from the residents. Secondly; consider large external horizontal solar shading. Note that the required size of a horizontal shading in relation to window height usually is higher on facades facing east and west.
|
|
| 7. |
- Chaulagain, Nischal, et al.
(författare)
-
Fifth generation district heating and cooling network coupled with geothermal energy source for a sustainable community: Case study of Embassy of Sharing at Malmö
- 2023
-
Ingår i: SET2023, 20th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, 15 th to 17 th August 2023, Nottingham, UK : Sustainable Energy Technologies 2023, Conference Proceedings - Sustainable Energy Technologies 2023, Conference Proceedings. - 9780853583578 ; 3, s. 96-101
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With growing urbanization and increase in energy demand for space heating and cooling in buildings, reliability, security, distribution of energy and its efficient end use is of utmost importance particularly when emissions from energy use and indoor thermal comfort of the end users isof question. Numerous solutions have been put forth in the field of effective distribution of thermal energy to meet the space heating and cooling requirements of buildings to assure indoor comfort of which fifth generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) is regarded as a viable solution in terms of low emissions, low distribution losses and effective energy supply. The challenges however lie in connecting the buildings in the network to facilitate the energy sharing between the buildings such that otherwise waste heat from one of the buildings can be used by another building connected to the same network. This paper presents the concept and design of such advanced 5GDHC network which facilitates energy sharing between connected buildings comprising ofoffice spaces, residential complex, shopping centre and other occupying 61,901 square meters in Hyllie region of Malmö, Sweden. The system design consists of a bi-directional two pipe network with a local bore field consisting of 103 bore hole heat exchangers as the primary energy source for the network with heat pumps and dedicated direct cooling heat exchangers to alter the temperature of district heating and cooling fluid going into the buildings. The system as such is self-sufficient and requires electricity only to run the heat pumps and auxiliary control systems to meet the thermal demands of the connected buildings.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Edell-Gustafsson, Ulla, 1947-
(författare)
-
Sleep, psychological symptoms and quality of life in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
- 1999
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis sleep, psychological symptoms and quality of life (Qol) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at the University Hospital in Linköping were evaluated. Interviews and 24-hour polysomnography were performed prior to surgery, immediately after surgery and again at one month, with a six-month-follow-up mailed questionnaire. Habitual sleep was evaluated using the Uppsala Sleep Inventory questionnaire and a diary the recorded mornings. The Spielberger State of Anxiety Scale and the Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale were used to measure anxiety and depression, respectively. Physical functional capacity was assessed according to the New York Heart Association's (NYHA) classes and Qol, with the Nottingham Health Profile instrument (NHP).A retrospective evaluation of nurse's documentation about sleep was also performed. In addition, the quality and quantity of sleep were assessed before surgery and in the immediate postoperative period in a pilot study, with a one-month follow-up interview. The results indicated disturbed sleep, and changes in behaviour and mental state after surgery due to fragmented sleep, pain and anxiety.Forty-four patients were examined prior to surgery. The results showed that almost two-fifths experienced too little sleep habitually and 50 % had a combination of at least two sleep problems. Poorer health, higher level of anxiety and increased difficulties maintaining sleep (DMS) were consistent with significantly longer sleep latency, increased fragmented sleep, and reduced stages 3 and 4 and RIM sleep measured by polysomnography. The level of Qol on the NBP was significantly associated with objectively measured sleep.In the immediate period following CABG there is a changed distribution of sleep, with a reduction of nocturnal sleep duration and an increase in daytime sleep, which had almost returned to preoperative values one month after surgery. Qol was significantly improved six months after surgery compared to before surgery.It was noted that patients with a more anxiety prone reactivity during six months following CABG had significantly more sleep disturbances, reduced energy and functional physical capacity, and lower quality of life, compared to those without such reactivity. Significantly more sleep disturbances, reduced energy and lower quality of life were more prominent among those with sadness/depression or cognitive/behavioural fatigue as reactions to sleep loss. A higher degree of cognitive/behavioural fatigue and dysphoria reactions were associated with a higher NYHA class.In conclusion, patients with coronary artery disease have poor quantity and quality of sleep. Increased psychological symptoms in patients with CAD prior to surgery were associated with greater symptoms six months after surgery. Physical functional capacity and quality of life were significantly improved six months after surgery.
|
|
| 10. |
- Engh, Lisbet, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish population-based study of pupils showed that foster children faced increased risks for ill health, negative lifestyles and school failure.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 106:10, s. 1635-1641
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This population-based study explored whether foster children faced a higher risk of health problems than children of the same age who were not in foster care.METHODS: Data for 13 739 pupils aged 10, 13 and 16 years were obtained from the Pupil Health Database in the county of Värmland, Sweden, for the school years 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. These included data on school performance, health, lifestyle and social relationships, based on children's interviews with school nurses.RESULTS: Of all the pupils, 171 (1.2%) were in foster care. Children in foster care were generally unhealthier than other children. Both girls and boys were at higher risk of chronic health problems, daily smoking, use of drugs and school failure. When the girls in foster care were compared to other girls, we found that they faced a higher risk of psychological and psychosomatic symptoms. This difference was not found for boys. Foster children were also more likely to express a more negative view on life.CONCLUSION: We confirmed earlier studies that children in foster care tended to have inferior health and well-being than other children. These findings emphasise that health, risky behaviour and school performance should be considered together when assessing foster children.
|
|
