| 1. |
- Folke, Carl, et al.
(författare)
-
Reconnecting to the biosphere
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 40:7, s. 719-738
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humanity has emerged as a major force in the operation of the biosphere, with a significant imprint on the Earth System, challenging social-ecological resilience. This new situation calls for a fundamental shift in perspectives, world views, and institutions. Human development and progress must be reconnected to the capacity of the biosphere and essential ecosystem services to be sustained. Governance challenges include a highly interconnected and faster world, cascading social-ecological interactions and planetary boundaries that create vulnerabilities but also opportunities for social-ecological change and transformation. Tipping points and thresholds highlight the importance of understanding and managing resilience. New modes of flexible governance are emerging. A central challenge is to reconnect these efforts to the changing preconditions for societal development as active stewards of the Earth System. We suggest that the Millennium Development Goals need to be reframed in such a planetary stewardship context combined with a call for a new social contract on global sustainability. The ongoing mind shift in human relations with Earth and its boundaries provides exciting opportunities for societal development in collaboration with the biosphere-a global sustainability agenda for humanity.
|
|
| 2. |
- Sarwar, Nadeem, et al.
(författare)
-
Interleukin-6 receptor pathways in coronary heart disease : a collaborative meta-analysis of 82 studies
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - New York, NY, USA : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 379:9822, s. 1205-1213
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Persistent inflammation has been proposed to contribute to various stages in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) signalling propagates downstream inflammation cascades. To assess whether this pathway is causally relevant to coronary heart disease, we studied a functional genetic variant known to affect IL6R signalling. Methods: In a collaborative meta-analysis, we studied Asp358Ala (rs2228145) in IL6R in relation to a panel of conventional risk factors and inflammation biomarkers in 125 222 participants. We also compared the frequency of Asp358Ala in 51 441 patients with coronary heart disease and in 136 226 controls. To gain insight into possible mechanisms, we assessed Asp358Ala in relation to localised gene expression and to postlipopolysaccharide stimulation of interleukin 6. Findings: The minor allele frequency of Asp358Ala was 39%. Asp358Ala was not associated with lipid concentrations, blood pressure, adiposity, dysglycaemia, or smoking (p value for association per minor allele >= 0.04 for each). By contrast, for every copy of 358Ala inherited, mean concentration of IL6R increased by 34.3% (95% CI 30.4-38.2) and of interleukin 6 by 14.6% (10.7-18.4), and mean concentration of C-reactive protein was reduced by 7.5% (5.9-9.1) and of fibrinogen by 1.0% (0.7-1.3). For every copy of 358Ala inherited, risk of coronary heart disease was reduced by 3.4% (1.8-5.0). Asp358Ala was not related to IL6R mRNA levels or interleukin-6 production in monocytes. Interpretation: Large-scale human genetic and biomarker data are consistent with a causal association between IL6R-related pathways and coronary heart disease.
|
|
| 3. |
- Adrian Meredith, Jenny, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Design and Synthesis of BACE-1 Inhibitors Containing a New Hydroxyethylene (HE) Scaffold: Potent activities in a cellular assay
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a preceding report from our group we disclosed the development of a novel HE transition state isostere with a difluorophenoxymethyl side chain in the P1 position and a methoxy group in the P1’ position furnishing highly potent inhibitors of BACE-1 (i.e. lead compound 1), which moreover exhibit very promising selectivity over cathepsin D. In a continuation of this work with the aim at improving on the cell-based activity and pharmacokinetic properties, we have further developed the SAR for the P1 side chain of inhibitor 1 whereby the P1 side chain oxygen has been substituted for an amine, a carbon or a bond. The chemistry developed for the previous HE inhibitor structure 1 has now been extended to readily accommodate the introduction of new P1 side chains into this new HE scaffold. These modifications have given rise to several highly potent inhibitors where the most potent displayed a BACE-1 Ki value of 0.2 nM and a cell-based Aβ40 IC50 value of 9 nM. Thus, regarding the enzyme inhibition in the cell assay a more than 600-fold improvement compared to compound 1 was achieved via minor structural alterations.
|
|
| 4. |
- Adrian Meredith, Jenny, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
P2 '-truncated BACE-1 inhibitors with a novel hydroxethylene-like core
- 2010
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0223-5234 .- 1768-3254. ; 45:2, s. 542-554
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly potent BACE-1 protease inhibitors derived from a novel hydroxyethylene-like core structure were recently developed by our group using X-ray crystal structure data and molecular modelling. In a continuation of this work guided by molecular modelling we have explored a truncated core motif where the P2' amide group is replaced by an ether linkage resulting in a set of alkoxy, aryloxy and alkylaryl groups, with the overall aim to reduce molecular weight and the number of amide bonds to increase permeability and bestow the inhibitors with drug-like features. The most potent of these inhibitors displayed a BACE-I IC50 value of 140 nM. The synthesis of these BACE-I inhibitors utilizes readily available starting materials, furnishing the target compounds in good overall yields.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
|
|
| 6. |
- Albinsson, John, et al.
(författare)
-
A combination of parabolic and grid slope interpolation for 2D tissue displacement estimations
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0140-0118 .- 1741-0444. ; 55:8, s. 1327-1338
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parabolic sub-sample interpolation for 2D block-matching motion estimation is computationally efficient. However, it is well known that the parabolic interpolation gives a biased motion estimate for displacements greater than |y.2| samples (y = 0, 1, …). Grid slope sub-sample interpolation is less biased, but it shows large variability for displacements close to y.0. We therefore propose to combine these sub-sample methods into one method (GS15PI) using a threshold to determine when to use which method. The proposed method was evaluated on simulated, phantom, and in vivo ultrasound cine loops and was compared to three sub-sample interpolation methods. On average, GS15PI reduced the absolute sub-sample estimation errors in the simulated and phantom cine loops by 14, 8, and 24% compared to sub-sample interpolation of the image, parabolic sub-sample interpolation, and grid slope sub-sample interpolation, respectively. The limited in vivo evaluation of estimations of the longitudinal movement of the common carotid artery using parabolic and grid slope sub-sample interpolation and GS15PI resulted in coefficient of variation (CV) values of 6.9, 7.5, and 6.8%, respectively. The proposed method is computationally efficient and has low bias and variance. The method is another step toward a fast and reliable method for clinical investigations of longitudinal movement of the arterial wall.
|
|
| 7. |
- Albrectsen, Benedicte R., 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
Endophytic fungi in European aspen (Populus tremula) leaves - diversity, detection, and a suggested correlation with herbivory resistance
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 41:1, s. 17-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution (GMTC), clines of traits reflecting local co-adaptation (including resistance genes) should be common between a host and its parasite and should persist across time. To test the GMTC-assumption of persistent clinal patterns we compared the natural prevalence of two parasites on aspen Populus tremula trees: mining moths of the genus Phyllocnistis and leaf rust Melampsora spp. Damage data were collated from the Swedish National Forest Damage Inventory (2004–2006). In addition, occurrence of the parasites was scored in field conditions in two common gardens in the north and south of Sweden over five growing seasons (2004–2008), then related to biomass (stem height and diameter) and to concentrations of eleven leaf phenolics. Phyllocnistis mainly occurred in the northern garden, a distribution range which was confirmed by the countrywide inventory, although Phyllocnistis was more abundant on southern clones, providing evidence for possible local maladaptation. Melampsora occurred all over the country and in both gardens, but built up more quickly on northern clones, which suggests a centre of local clone maladaptation in the north. Stem growth also followed a clinal pattern as did the concentration of three phenolic compounds: benzoic acid, catechin and cinnamic acid. However, only benzoic acid was related to parasite presence: negatively to Phyllocnistis and positively to Melampsora and it could thus be a potential trait under selection. In conclusion, clines of Phyllocnistis were stronger and more persistent compared to Melampsora, which showed contrasting clines of varying strength. Our data thus support the assumption of the GMTC model that clines exist in the border between hot and cold spots and that they may be less persistent for parasites with an elevated gene flow, and/or for parasites which cover relatively larger hot spots surrounded by fewer cold spots.
|
|
| 8. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Production optimisation in the petrochemical industry by hierarchical multivariate modelling
- 2004
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This project demonstrates the advantages of applying hierarchical multivariate modelling in the petrochemical industry in order to increase knowledge of the total process. The models indicate possible ways to optimise the process regarding the use of energy and raw material, which is directly linked to the environmental impact of the process. The refinery of Nynäs Refining AB (Gothenburg, Sweden) has acted as a demonstration site in this project. The models developed for the demonstration site resulted in: * Detection of an unknown process disturbance and suggestions of possible causes. · Indications on how to increase the yield in combination with energy savings. * The possibility to predict product quality from on-line process measurements, making the results available at a higher frequency than customary laboratory analysis. * Quantification of the gradually lowered efficiency of heat transfer in the furnace and increased fuel consumption as an effect of soot build-up on the furnace coils. * Increased knowledge of the relation between production rate and the efficiency of the heat exchangers. This report is one of two reports from the project. It contains a technical discussion of the result with some degree of detail. A shorter and more easily accessible report is also available, see IVL report B1586-A
|
|
| 9. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Production optimisation in the petrochemical industry by hierarchical multivariate modelling. Concise report
- 2004
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This project demonstrates the advantages of applying hierarchical multivariate modelling in the petrochemical industry in order to increase knowledge of the total process. The models indicate possible ways to optimise the process regarding the use of energy and raw material, which is directly linked to the environmental impact of the process. The refinery of Nynäs Refining AB (Gothenburg, Sweden) has acted as a demonstration site in this project. The models developed for the demonstration site resulted in: * Detection of an unknown process disturbance and suggestions of possible causes. * Indications on how to increase the yield in combination with energy savings. * The possibility to predict product quality from on-line process measurements, making the results available at a higher frequency than customary laboratory analysis. * Quantification of the gradually lowered efficiency of heat transfer in the furnace and increased fuel consumption as an effect of soot build-up on the furnace coils. * Increased knowledge of the relation between production rate and the efficiency of the heat exchangers. The project is also reported, with a higher level of detail, in the IVL report B1586-B
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
