| 1. |
- Lager, Susanne, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Perinatal lack of maternal IL-6 promotes increased adiposity during adulthood in mice.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7170 .- 0013-7227. ; 152:4, s. 1336-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The perinatal environment appears important in establishing metabolic phenotypes in adulthood. Mice deficient in IL-6 (IL-6(-/-)) tend to develop mature-onset obesity, but it is unknown whether perinatal exposure to IL-6 produced by the dam influences the metabolism of adult offspring. To address this issue, we monitored IL-6(-/-) offspring of IL-6(-/-) or IL-6(+/-) dams, as well as wild-type (WT) mice. At adult age, IL-6(-/-) mice weighed significantly more and had more body fat than WT mice, regardless of maternal genotype, and had lower insulin sensitivity. This phenotype was more pronounced in IL-6(-/-) offspring of IL-6(-/-) dams, because they gained weight significantly faster than IL-6(-/-) offspring of IL-6(+/-) dams and had more body fat and higher serum leptin levels at an earlier age. The leptin content was 2-fold higher in milk from IL-6(-/-) than WT dams. However, cross-fostering IL-6(-/-) mice with WT dams did not alter body weight, body composition, or adipocyte size at adult age compared with IL-6(-/-) mice fostered by IL-6(-/-) dams. Conversely, WT mice fostered by IL-6(-/-) dams weighed significantly more than those fostered by WT dams and had more body fat, larger adipocytes, and altered hypothalamic gene expression. We conclude that body fat of adult mice can be increased by perinatal exposure to factors affected by lack of maternal IL-6.
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| 2. |
- Wolniewicz, Peter, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Reactivity changes in lead-cooled fast reactors due to bubbles in the coolant
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The formation of bubbles in the coolant of a Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor (LFR) may originate from a leaking heat-exchanger and is a potential safety hazard. Small bubbles can travel with the coolant without escaping to the cover gas, causing an increasing effective voiding of the coolant in a homogeneous manner. If the small bubbles coalesce into a larger bubble located at a stagnation zone, the reactor core may eventually be exposed to a transient bubble travelling axially through the core with a resulting change in the reactivity of the system. This study is focused on the reactivity changes caused by bubbles of various sizes and for different vertical positions as the bubble rises through the core. Three different sizes of LFR’s; 50 MWth, 300 MWth and 1200 MWth,respectively were user for the study. The 300 MWth reactor design is based on the Advanced LFR European Demonstrator (ALFRED) and the two other reactors are scaled up and scaled down versions of it and these were simulated in order study the sensitivity to void as a function of reactor size. We show that LFR’s may have a positive reactivity response to transient bubbles and that the sensitivity to changes in reactivity is larger the smaller the reactor. For sufficiently large bubbles all reactors may reach prompt criticality.
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| 3. |
- Akimov, D., et al.
(författare)
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Physics with WASA and PROMICE
- 1994
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Ingår i: Physics with GeV-particle beams, Juelich 1994. ; , s. 519-530
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Anders, Alfjorden, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental challenge of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with the diplomonad parasite Spironucleus salmonicida to characterize the infection cycle
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Experimental infections were performed of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from the Baltic Sea region with the Diplomonad fish parasite Spironucleus salmonicida in order to define the infection cycle, specifically the time-line and putative routes of transmission. An oral infection protocol using axenic parasites was developed, as were new diagnostic tools using PCR and specific antibodies. We also produced firefly luciferase expressing S. salmonicida parasites that could be identified in the infected fish using in vivo and ex vivo imaging. The new tools made it possible to follow the S. salmonicida infection cycle in detail. Three different stages of the infection were identified: one initial intestinal stage, followed by a blood stage and a final tissue stage. Parasites intubated into the intestine attached to the intestinal surface and were identified in the blood after 1-3 weeks. Skin lesions and infections of the muscles, internal organs and eyes were seen 4-10 weeks after initiation of infection. Several morphologically different forms of S. salmonicida cells were detected in ex vivo cell-cultures of biopsies from skin lesions. By this infection trial we have been able to show that S. salmonicida may use several alternative routes of transmission. One alternative is the fecal-oral route, similar to other Diplomonad parasites but the parasites can also be excreted directly into the surrounding water from the mucous layer of the skin or from an ulcerated skin lesion. This information can be used to prevent the transmission of the parasite in fish farms.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Niklas, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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A variant near the interleukin-6 gene is associated with fat mass in Caucasian men
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 34:6, s. 1011-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Regulation of fat mass appears to be associated with immune functions. Studies of knockout mice show that endogenous interleukin (IL)-6 can suppress mature-onset obesity. OBJECTIVE: To systematically investigate associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the IL-6 (IL6) and IL-6 receptor (IL6R) genes with body fat mass, in support for our hypothesis that variants of these genes can be associated with obesity. DESIGN AND STUDY SUBJECTS: The Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study is a population-based cross-sectional study of 18- to 20-year-old men (n=1049), from the Gothenburg area (Sweden). Major findings were confirmed in two additional cohorts consisting of elderly men from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Sweden (n=2851) and MrOS US (n=5611) multicenter population-based studies. MAIN OUTCOME: The genotype distributions and their association with fat mass in different compartments, measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Out of 18 evaluated tag SNPs near the IL6 and IL6R genes, a recently identified SNP rs10242595 G/A (minor allele frequency=29%) 3' of the IL6 gene was negatively associated with the primary outcome total body fat mass (effect size -0.11 standard deviation (s.d.) units per A allele, P=0.02). This negative association with fat mass was also confirmed in the combined MrOS Sweden and MrOS US cohorts (effect size -0.05 s.d. units per A allele, P=0.002). When all three cohorts were combined (n=8927, Caucasian subjects), rs10242595(*)A showed a negative association with total body fat mass (effect size -0.05 s.d. units per A allele, P<0.0002). Furthermore, the rs10242595(*)A was associated with low body mass index (effect size -0.03, P<0.001) and smaller regional fat masses. None of the other SNPs investigated in the GOOD study were reproducibly associated with body fat. CONCLUSIONS: The IL6 gene polymorphism rs10242595(*)A is associated with decreased fat mass in three combined cohorts of 8927 Caucasian men.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Niklas, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Variants of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene are associated with fat mass in men
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 33:5, s. 525-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Immune functions seem to have connections to variations in body fat mass. Studies of knockout mice indicate that endogenous interleukin (IL)-1 can suppress mature-onset obesity. Objective: To systematically investigate our hypotheses that single- nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and/or haplotypes variants in the IL-1 gene system are associated with fat mass. Subjects: The Gothenburg osteoporosis and obesity determinants (GOOD) study is a population-based cross-sectional study of 18-20 year-old men (n = 1068), from Gothenburg, Sweden. Major findings were confirmed in elderly men (n = 3014) from the Swedish part of the osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) multicenter population-based study. Main Outcome Measure: The genotype distributions and their association with body fat mass in different compartments, measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: Out of 15 investigated SNPs in the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) gene, a recently identified 30 untranslated region C4T (rs4252041, minor allele frequency 4%) SNP was associated with the primary outcome total fat mass (P = 0.003) and regional fat masses, but not with lean body mass or serum IL-1 receptor 1 (IL1RN) levels. This SNP was also associated with body fat when correcting the earlier reported IL1RN_2018 T4C (rs419598) SNP (in linkage disequilibrium with a well-studied variable number tandem repeat of 86 bp). The association between rs4252041 SNP and body fat was confirmed in the older MrOS population (P = 0.03). The rs4252041 SNP was part of three haplotypes consisting of five adjacent SNPs that were identified by a sliding window approach. These haplotypes had a highly significant global association with total body fat (P < 0.001). None of the other investigated members of the IL-1 gene family displayed any SNPs that have not been described previously to be significantly associated with body fat. Conclusions: The IL1RN gene, shown to enhance obesity by suppressing IL-1 effects in experimental animals, have no previously described gene polymorphisms and haplotypes that are associated with fat, but not lean mass in two populations of men. International Journal of Obesity (2009) 33, 525-533; doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.47; published online 17 March 2009
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| 9. |
- Baguma, Yona, et al.
(författare)
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Expression patterns of the gene encoding starch branching enzyme II in the storage roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 164:5, s. 833-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial and temporal expression patterns of the sbeII and sbeI genes, encoding starch branching enzyme II and I, respectively, in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) were studied at different phenological stages of the crop. A partial cDNA for sbeII in cassava was cloned and used along with a cDNA-specific fragment of sbeI. As the cassava plant aged, the transcriptional activity of the sbeII and sbeI genes in the underground storage roots increased, whereas the activity in other organs remained the same or declined. At 180 days after planting (d.a.p.), levels of sbeII and sbeI transcripts in storage roots were very low, whereas at 360 d.a.p., the levels had increased dramatically. The 360 d.a.p. old storage roots also accumulated gbssII and gbssI transcripts, as well as a longer gbssI transcript, gbssI′. The difference between the gbssI and gbssI′ transcripts was shown to be due to differential splicing, whereby the gbssI′ transcript retained the first three introns. Unexpectedly, expression of sbeII and sbeI in the 360 d.a.p. storage roots exhibited fluctuations during the 24 h cycle, both under the normal light/dark regime and under continuous light or continuous dark conditions.
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| 10. |
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