| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Manuguerra, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-factor dimensionality reduction applied to a large prospective investigation on gene-gene and gene-environment interactions
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 28:2, s. 414-422
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is becoming increasingly evident that single-locus effects cannot explain complex multifactorial human diseases like cancer. We applied the multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method to a large cohort study on gene-environment and gene-gene interactions. The study (case-control nested in the EPIC cohort) was established to investigate molecular changes and genetic susceptibility in relation to air pollution and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in non-smokers. We have analyzed 757 controls and 409 cases with bladder cancer (n = 124), lung cancer (n = 116) and myeloid leukemia (n = 169). Thirty-six gene variants (DNA repair and metabolic genes) and three environmental exposure variables (measures of air pollution and ETS at home and at work) were analyzed. Interactions were assessed by prediction error percentage and cross-validation consistency (CVC) frequency. For lung cancer, the best model was given by a significant gene-environment association between the base excision repair (BER) XRCC1-Arg399Gln polymorphism, the double-strand break repair (DSBR) BRCA2-Asn372His polymorphism and the exposure variable 'distance from heavy traffic road', an indirect and robust indicator of air pollution (mean prediction error of 26%, P < 0.001, mean CVC of 6.60, P = 0.02). For bladder cancer, we found a significant 4-loci association between the BER APE1-Asp148Glu polymorphism, the DSBR RAD52-3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) polymorphism and the metabolic gene polymorphisms COMT-Val158Met and MTHFR-677C > T (mean prediction error of 22%, P < 0.001, mean CVC consistency of 7.40, P < 0.037). For leukemia, a 3-loci model including RAD52-2259C > T, MnSOD-Ala9Val and CYP1A1-Ile462Val had a minimum prediction error of 31% (P < 0.001) and a maximum CVC of 4.40 (P = 0.086). The MDR method seems promising, because it provides a limited number of statistically stable interactions; however, the biological interpretation remains to be understood.
|
|
| 3. |
- Vaissière, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantitative analysis of DNA methylation after whole bisulfitome amplification of a minute amount of DNA from body fluids.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Epigenetics : official journal of the DNA Methylation Society. - 1559-2308. ; 4:4, s. 221-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell-free circulating DNA isolated from the plasma of individuals with cancer has been shown to harbor cancer-associated changes in DNA methylation, and thus it represents an attractive target for biomarker discovery. However, the reliable detection of DNA methylation changes in body fluids has proven to be technically challenging. Here we describe a novel combination of methods that allows quantitative and sensitive detection of DNA methylation in minute amounts of DNA present in body fluids (quantitative Methylation Analysis of Minute DNA amounts after whole Bisulfitome Amplification, qMAMBA). This method involves genome-wide amplification of bisulphite-modified DNA template followed by quantitative methylation detection using pyrosequencing and allows analysis of multiple genes from a small amount of starting DNA. To validate our method we used qMAMBA assays for four genes and LINE1 repetitive sequences combined with plasma DNA samples as a model system. qMAMBA offered high efficacy in the analysis of methylation levels and patterns in plasma samples with extremely small amounts of DNA and low concentrations of methylated alleles. Therefore, qMAMBA will facilitate methylation studies aiming to discover epigenetic biomarkers, and should prove particularly valuable in profiling a large sample series of body fluids from molecular epidemiology studies as well as in tracking disease in early diagnostics.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Welch, AA, et al.
(författare)
-
Variability of fish consumption within the 10 European countries participating in the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 5:6B, s. 1273-1285
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To describe-and compare the consumption of total fish (marine foods) and the fish sub-groups - white fish, fatty fish, very fatty fish, fish products and crustacea, in participants from the European Investigation into. Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of dietary intake using a computerised standardised 24-hour recall interview. Crude means, means and standard errors adjusted by age, season and day of the week were calculated, stratified by centre and gender, Setting: Twenty-seven redefined centres in the 10 European countries participating in the EPIC study. Subjects.. In total, 35 955 subjects (13 031 men and 22 924 women), aged 35-74 years, selected from the main EPIC cohort. Results: A six- to sevenfold variation in total fish consumption exists in women and men, between the lowest consumption in Germany and the highest in Spain. Overall, white fish represented 49% and 45% of the intake of total fish in women and men, respectively, with the greatest consumption in centres in Spain and Greece and the least in the German and Dutch centres. Consumption of fatty fish reflected that of total fish. However, the greatest intake of very fatty fish was in the coastal areas of northern Europe (Denmark, Sweden and Norway) and in Germany. Consumption of fish products was greater in northern than in southern Europe, with white fish products predominating in centres in France, Italy, Spain, The Netherlands and Norway. Intake of roe and roe products was low. The highest consumption of crustacea was found in the French, Spanish and Italian centres. The number of fish types consumed was greater in southern than in northern Europe. The greatest variability in consumption by day of the week-was found in the countries with - the lowest fish intake. Conclusions: Throughout Europe, substantial geographic variation exists in total fish intake, fish sub-groups and the number of types consumed. Day-to-day variability in consumption is also high.
|
|
| 7. |
- Janzon, Bo, et al.
(författare)
-
The Future of Warheads, Armour and Ballistics
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings, 23rd International Symposium on Ballistics, Tarragona, Spain, 2007, ISBN 978-84-7493-379-6.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1983 a “Grand Old Man” of Ballistic Science, Dr. Robert J. Eichelberger, wrote1 : ”Ballistic technology is generally considered a mature technology – as it should be after centuries of intensive attention of some of the finest scientific minds of the world.” He predicted that increased understanding of relevant physics and chemistry and development of mathematical techniques and computer models would be key elements in the future of ballistics and weapon system design. These predictions were very accurate! But to-day’s developments and those of the foreseeable future go beyond this. Warheads and ballistics – interior, exterior and terminal – are very dependent on the use and properties of energetic materials – propellants and explosives – for their functioning. New, potentially very powerful substances such as the N5+ and N5– ions and metallic hydrogen were created in labs. Air-breathing propulsion – ramjets etc. - and efficient use of the high combustion energy of some metals adds to the performance increase potential. Increased use of intelligence, computers, sensors and fuzing in weapons, munitions and armours has added another dimension to the efficiency achievable. New high-performance materials have also meant great increases in effects and protection potential. Developments possible in the next 20 years may have similar effect on warfare as the revolution in weapons, munitions and armour that occurred in the late 19th century. The statement that ”Ballistic technology is generally considered a mature technology” is no longer true. Any nation that will abstain from following the developments closely and exploiting their advances will run the risk both of having weapons, munitions and protection that prove inadequate and of making grave mis-investments.
|
|
| 8. |
- Manjer, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Postmenopausal breast cancer risk in relation to sex steroid hormones, prolactin and SHBG (Sweden)
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 1573-7225. ; 14:7, s. 599-607
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: High levels of sex steroid hormones and prolactin have been suggested to enhance breast cancer development. Low levels of SHBG may indicate high levels of (bio-available) steroid hormones. The present study investigates whether high levels of sex steroid hormones and prolactin, and/or low levels of SHBG, are associated with high breast cancer risk. Methods: Blood samples were collected in about 65,000 women participating in two population-based prospective cohort studies in Sweden. Follow-up yielded 173 postmenopausal breast cancer cases who had not been exposed to HRT. Levels of estrone, estradiol, SHBG, FSH, prolactin, testosterone, androstenedione and DHEAs were analysed in cases and 438 controls. Logistic regression analysis yielded odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for potential confounders. Results: The risk of breast cancer was associated with the highest versus lowest quartiles of estrone, OR: 2.58 (1.50 - 4.44), estradiol (dichotomised: high versus low) (1.73: 1.04 - 2.88), and testosterone (1.87: 1.08 - 3.25). High risks, although not statistically significant, were seen for androstenedione (1.58: 0.92 - 2.72) and DHEAs ( 1.62: 0.89 - 2.72). No strong associations were seen between SHBG or prolactin and risk of breast cancer. Conclusions: High levels of estrone, estradiol, testosterone, and possibly androstenedione and DHEAs, in postmenopausal women are associated with a high risk of subsequent breast cancer.
|
|
| 9. |
- Andersson, R, et al.
(författare)
-
Management of pancreatic pseudocysts.
- 1989
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 76:6, s. 550-552
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Between 1969 and 1987, 68 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts were treated. The median cyst size was 10 cm (range 2-25 cm). Nine patients were managed conservatively with resolution of the pseudocyst occurring in eight patients. These patients had significantly smaller (median 4 cm) cysts compared with those in both percutaneously and surgically treated patients (P less than 0.01). In 22 patients the pseudocysts (median 9 cm) were punctured percutaneously under ultrasound guidance and the cyst fluid was aspirated or drained through a catheter. Complete resolution occurred in 13 patients after 1-4 (mean 1.8) punctures per patient, regression occurred in six patients after 1-4 (mean 2.0) puncture procedures per patient and three were unchanged. No complications were noted, except that two patients treated percutaneously required additional surgery. Thirty-seven patients were managed surgically (median cyst size 11 cm) with external drainage (12 patients), cystgastrostomy (17 patients), cystduodenostomy (three patients) cystjejunostomy (three patients) and pancreatic resection (two patients). Resolution of the cyst was noted in 29 patients, regression in five and three were unchanged. Five patients required additional surgery. Twelve complications were seen in ten patients (27 per cent), most frequently after external drainage. One patient died after surgical treatment. Mean hospital stay was 13 days among patients treated conservatively and 30 days in both percutaneously and surgically treated patients. Aspiration or catheter drainage of pseudocyst fluid guided by ultrasonography seems a safe and effective treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts and should be considered as initial therapy. If surgery is required cystgastrostomy is preferred.
|
|
| 10. |
- Askling, HH, et al.
(författare)
-
Malaria risk in travelers
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Emerging infectious diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 11:3, s. 436-441
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
