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| 2. |
- Brage, Karen, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical application of EOS imaging system: a scoping review protocol.
- 2023
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Ingår i: JBI evidence synthesis. - 2689-8381. ; 21:5, s. 1009-1015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this scoping review is to examine and map the existing literature on the clinical application of the EOS imaging system and to identify related evidence gaps.The EOS imaging system was originally developed to conduct imaging for medical conditions, such as scoliosis and anisomelia. However, recent research suggests that the modality has other clinical uses that may benefit patients via reduced radiation dose and, thus, improve patient safety.This scoping review will consider all quantitative study designs, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Imaging phantom studies and conference abstracts will be excluded.Databases that will be searched include Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Academic Search Premier, and OpenGrey. Relevant secondary material will be identified using citation searching (backwards and forwards) of included studies through Google Scholar. In addition, we will search by author name where more than 3 included studies from the same first author are identified. Articles published from 2003 in English, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, French, and German will be included. Two independent reviewers will perform title/abstract screening, followed by full-text screening. Data extraction will include study type and design, age of participants, anatomical/physiological region, pathology, clinical endpoint, outcome measures, sample size, and clinical application. Data will be presented in tabular format and as a narrative summary.Open Science Framework https://osf.io/yc85j/.
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| 4. |
- Jensen, Janni
(författare)
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Investeringar med fokus på miljö : Intervjuer med företagsledare i fem svenska transportföretag
- 2007
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I denna rapport analyseras de ekonomiska aspekterna av fem svenska transportföretagsmiljöarbete. De företag som ingår i studien är SJ, Schenker (och dess föregångare Bilspeditionsamt BTL), ASG/Danzas (nu DHL), SAS samt Stena Line. Vid intervjuer med företagsledarei respektive bolag framkom att företagsledarna ansåg att miljöinvesteringar bör likställas medandra investeringar, men att miljösatsningar oftast var svåra att räkna hem, huvudsakligendärför att miljö är en av de mjuka, och därmed svårvärderade, faktorerna. I flera av företagenhar ändå stora miljöinvesteringar genomförts eftersom trycket från konkurrenter och samhälle,utöver det som krävdes enligt miljölagstiftningen, ansågs kräva det. I ett par av bolagenansågs också miljöarbetet kunna integreras i affärsverksamheten, vilket gjorde investeringarnaenklare att motivera, men även här såg man att det generellt var svårt att ta fram ekonomisktvälgrundade beslutsunderlag inför investeringsbesluten. I rapporten diskuteras hur företagsledningenser på miljöarbetets betydelse för företagets profil samt den direkta lönsamheten.En annan fråga som tas upp i studien är huruvida miljöinvesteringar skiljer sig från andrainvesteringar.
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| 5. |
- Jensen Nilsson, Janni
(författare)
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Drivkrafter bakom miljösatsningar i svenska transportföretag : intervjuer med miljöchefer i fem svenska transportföretag
- 2005
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Miljö har länge varit en viktig strategisk fråga och miljöarbete en självklarhet för många svenska företag och organisationer. Transportbranschen är ett av de stora problemområdena när det gäller att sträva mot eller uppnå hållbar utveckling i samhället. Avsikten med det arbete som redovisas i denna rapport är att kartlägga strategier och drivkrafter bakom miljösatsningar som gjorts från 1990-2005 hos fem svenska transportföretag: ASG (f.d. Danzas, numera DHL), Schenker (f.d. Bilspedition/BTL), SAS, SJ samt Stena Line. Gemensamt för alla bolagen är att de aktivt har arbetat med miljöfrågor under 1990-talet. Arbetet har dock utkristalliserat sig på olika sätt, beroende på företagens faktiska bidrag till profileringen. Genom resultatet kan tre viktiga drivkrafter bakom miljöarbetet i de fem medverkande transportföretagen kartläggas. Den första är externa intressentkrav, dvs krav från ägare, kunder, samhälle, media osv. Den andra är den interna drivkraften, t ex intern miljöpolicy, drivande personal och företagsledning. Den tredje drivkraften kan definieras som ekonomisk vinning i form av t ex kostnadsbesparingar eller nya marknadsandelar. Det finns ett samband mellan alla tre drivkrafterna, dock väger i denna studie externa intressekrav litet tyngre än de två andra drivkrafterna.
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| 6. |
- Jensen (Nilsson), Janni, 1969-
(författare)
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Miljöinvesteringar i svensk transportnäring : Drivkrafter och strategier
- 2007
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The environmental work in the Swedish transportation business was not very prioritized during the period up until 1990. If any environmental work occurred at all, it often entailed only necessary measures to meet the demands of environmental law.All this changed almost over night roundabout 1990. The environmental issue had become politically important during the 1980s and environmental demands concerning large industrial and combustion plants started to wear off on the transportation business. In addition to this, competition between road and railway transportation sharpened due to political decisions on railway investments. The management of the national Swedish railway company SJ realized that this was a golden opportunity to become offensive in marketing, and that environment could become a success factor for the railway. By establishing an environmental policy and an environmental program, SJ took an initiative that large competitors and business representatives quickly tried to respond to by making investments on their own and by starting debates. Hereby, a rather unique situation occurred in that the transportation companies were driven by customers and society to make environmental investments and also give the business an environmental profile. This situation was the starting point for my study, where the aim has been to study the driving forces and trategies behind the environmental investments made in the Swedish transportation business during the 1990s. I have examined this by interviewing key persons in five companies representing different means of transport, i.e. the railway company SJ, the road transportation company DHL (earlier ASG), the road transportation company Schenker (earlier BTL and even earlier Bilspedition), the air transportation company SAS and the sea transportation company Stena Line. Apart from this, I have also studied the investment process in the chosen companies, and if environmental investments are different from other investments.The method I have used in my study has been semi structured, qualitative interviews. A semi structured interview in this case means that I have used a certain amount of predefined questions. The responses from the interviewed person served as basis for follow up questions and new questions during the interview. A qualitative interview often consists of simple and straight questions being asked and complex and comprehensive answers being returned.The results from the interviews could be summarised as follows: All of the companies in my study claim that it was the pressure of external and internal interests that made the starting point for their environmental work – even if the start appeared on different occasions depending on each company’s situation respectively. Any particularly deep analyses of the economical effects of environmental investments were not made on a regular basis. It rather seemed as if investments and other environmental decisions were based on intuitive feelings. It is also obvious that the pressure from competitors was a strong reason for continuing most of the companies´ environmental work – irrespective of the fact that the company used their environmental investments to create an offensive environmental profile, or to avoid to be criticized for lack of environmental commitment. It is possible to draw a number of conclusions from this study, some of them are general to the group of studied companies, and others are more specific to some of the companies.The first, and perhaps most important, conclusion is that that the driving forces, for instance the pressure from owners, customers, competitors or society as such, were primary, and that the companies’ strategies was developed on this basis. One example is the Swedish railway company SJ, where the company management’s analysis showed both political pressure and obtainable market positions if the company developed and executed an offensive environmental strategy. The other companies in my study showed similar patterns even if their market positions of course varied.The second conclusion is that external profiling also leads to internal pressure within the company. This pressure may be consciously and directed by management via education, seminars etc, or occur on its own due to that the company’s environmental work leads to an interest and commitment amongst employees. The best examples of this are the companies SJ and ASG.A third conclusion is that in many cases, the environmental investments could be compared to a one way road. Some decisions are irrevocable, at least if the company wants to maintain its credibility within the environmental area. For instance, it is equally impossible in practise for SJ to back on the decision to buy environmentally labelled electricity, as for DHL and Schenker to return to diesel fuel with high level of sulphur.The last conclusion is that economical arguments for environmental investments offer a very strong explanation model to which investments were made and which were not. This conclusion seems to be generally valid even if differences in grade exist, depending on if the investments were made with the purpose to be offensive or defensive. No follow up analyses of the economic outcome of the investments have - with a few exceptions – however not been made.Environmental investments consist of physical and image enhancing (i.e. soft) investments. This study shows that physical environmental investments and image enhancing investments have been approached in the same way, but it is harder to quantify the image enhancing investments in economical terms.
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| 8. |
- Rasmussen, Louise Caroe Vohlander, et al.
(författare)
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Production and epitope characterization of mAbs specific for translation factor IF1
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 364:1, s. 72-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria relies on the presence of three translation initiation factors, of which translation initiation factor IF I is the smallest having a molecular weight of only 8.2 kDa. In addition to its function in this highly dynamic process, the essential IF1 protein also functions as an RNA chaperone. Despite extensive research, the exact function of IF1 in translation initiation has not yet been determined, and the research in the function of the factor has in some areas been impeded by the lack of monoclonal antibodies specific for this protein. Several attempts to induce immune response in mice with wild-type IF1 for the production of antibodies have failed. We have now succeeded in producing monoclonal antibodies specific for IF1 by applying a new immunization strategy involving an antigen combination of IF1 coupled to glutathione S-transferase (GST) and a recombinant dimer of IF1. This resulted in the generation of 6 IgG 2 IgM, and 1 IgA anti-IF1 antibodies, which can be used in ELISA screening and Western immunoblots. We also provide a mapping of the functional epitopes of the generated anti-IF1 monoclonal antibodies by screening the antibodies for binding to IF1 proteins mutated at single amino acid positions.
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| 9. |
- Reimer, Lasse, et al.
(författare)
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Low dose DMSO treatment induces oligomerization and accelerates aggregation of α-synuclein
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a highly utilized small molecule that serves many purposes in scientific research. DMSO offers unique polar, aprotic and amphiphilic features, which makes it an ideal solvent for a wide variety of both polar and nonpolar molecules. Furthermore, DMSO is often used as a cryoprotectant in cell-based research. However, recent reports suggest that DMSO, even at low concentration, might interfere with important cellular processes, and cause macromolecular changes to proteins where a shift from α-helical to β-sheet structure can be observed. To investigate how DMSO might influence current research, we assessed biochemical and cellular impacts of DMSO treatment on the structure of the aggregation-prone protein α-synuclein, which plays a central role in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease, and other brain-related disorders, collectively termed the synucleinopathies. Here, we found that addition of DMSO increased the particle-size of α-synuclein, and accelerated the formation of seeding-potent fibrils in a dose-dependent manner. These fibrils made in the presence of DMSO were indistinguishable from fibrils made in pure PBS, when assessed by proteolytic digestion, cytotoxic profile and their ability to seed cellular aggregation of α-synuclein. Moreover, as evident through binding to the MJFR-14-6-4-2 antibody, which preferentially recognizes aggregated forms of α-synuclein, and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, cells exposed to DMSO experienced increased aggregation of α-synuclein. However, no observable α-synuclein abnormalities nor differences in neuronal survival were detected after oral DMSO-treatment in either C57BL/6- or α-synuclein transgenic F28 mice. In summary, we demonstrate that low concentrations of DMSO makes α-synuclein susceptible to undergo aggregation both in vitro and in cells. This may affect experimental outcomes when studying α-synuclein in the presence of DMSO, and should call for careful consideration when such experiments are planned.
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| 10. |
- Wang, Haidong, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10053, s. 1459-1544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures.METHODS: We estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimation of child and adult mortality and corresponding uncertainty, parameter selection for under-5 mortality synthesis by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, and sibling history data processing. We also expanded the database of vital registration, survey, and census data to 14 294 geography-year datapoints. For GBD 2015, eight causes, including Ebola virus disease, were added to the previous GBD cause list for mortality. We used six modelling approaches to assess cause-specific mortality, with the Cause of Death Ensemble Model (CODEm) generating estimates for most causes. We used a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific mortality as they relate to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Second, we examined factors affecting total mortality patterns through a series of counterfactual scenarios, testing the magnitude by which population growth, population age structures, and epidemiological changes contributed to shifts in mortality. Finally, we attributed changes in life expectancy to changes in cause of death. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 estimation processes, as well as data sources, in accordance with Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER).FINDINGS: Globally, life expectancy from birth increased from 61·7 years (95% uncertainty interval 61·4-61·9) in 1980 to 71·8 years (71·5-72·2) in 2015. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa had very large gains in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015, rebounding from an era of exceedingly high loss of life due to HIV/AIDS. At the same time, many geographies saw life expectancy stagnate or decline, particularly for men and in countries with rising mortality from war or interpersonal violence. From 2005 to 2015, male life expectancy in Syria dropped by 11·3 years (3·7-17·4), to 62·6 years (56·5-70·2). Total deaths increased by 4·1% (2·6-5·6) from 2005 to 2015, rising to 55·8 million (54·9 million to 56·6 million) in 2015, but age-standardised death rates fell by 17·0% (15·8-18·1) during this time, underscoring changes in population growth and shifts in global age structures. The result was similar for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with total deaths from these causes increasing by 14·1% (12·6-16·0) to 39·8 million (39·2 million to 40·5 million) in 2015, whereas age-standardised rates decreased by 13·1% (11·9-14·3). Globally, this mortality pattern emerged for several NCDs, including several types of cancer, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. By contrast, both total deaths and age-standardised death rates due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, gains largely attributable to decreases in mortality rates due to HIV/AIDS (42·1%, 39·1-44·6), malaria (43·1%, 34·7-51·8), neonatal preterm birth complications (29·8%, 24·8-34·9), and maternal disorders (29·1%, 19·3-37·1). Progress was slower for several causes, such as lower respiratory infections and nutritional deficiencies, whereas deaths increased for others, including dengue and drug use disorders. Age-standardised death rates due to injuries significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, yet interpersonal violence and war claimed increasingly more lives in some regions, particularly in the Middle East. In 2015, rotaviral enteritis (rotavirus) was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to diarrhoea (146 000 deaths, 118 000-183 000) and pneumococcal pneumonia was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to lower respiratory infections (393 000 deaths, 228 000-532 000), although pathogen-specific mortality varied by region. Globally, the effects of population growth, ageing, and changes in age-standardised death rates substantially differed by cause. Our analyses on the expected associations between cause-specific mortality and SDI show the regular shifts in cause of death composition and population age structure with rising SDI. Country patterns of premature mortality (measured as years of life lost [YLLs]) and how they differ from the level expected on the basis of SDI alone revealed distinct but highly heterogeneous patterns by region and country or territory. Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes were among the leading causes of YLLs in most regions, but in many cases, intraregional results sharply diverged for ratios of observed and expected YLLs based on SDI. Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases caused the most YLLs throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with observed YLLs far exceeding expected YLLs for countries in which malaria or HIV/AIDS remained the leading causes of early death.INTERPRETATION: At the global scale, age-specific mortality has steadily improved over the past 35 years; this pattern of general progress continued in the past decade. Progress has been faster in most countries than expected on the basis of development measured by the SDI. Against this background of progress, some countries have seen falls in life expectancy, and age-standardised death rates for some causes are increasing. Despite progress in reducing age-standardised death rates, population growth and ageing mean that the number of deaths from most non-communicable causes are increasing in most countries, putting increased demands on health systems.
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