| 1. |
- Garcia, Alvaro, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of cement content and environmental humidity on asphalt emulsion and cement composites performance
- 2013
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Ingår i: Materials and Structures. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-5997 .- 1871-6873. ; 46:8, s. 1275-1289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asphalt and cement concrete are the most popular materials used in the construction of roads, highways, bridge deck surface layers and pavements in airports and other areas with heavy wheel roads. Whereas asphalt possesses, compared to concrete, the advantages of a short curing period, high skid resistance and easy maintenance, it also shows lower fatigue durability, ravelling and rutting due to repeated concentrated loads and susceptibility to temperature changes and moisture. On the other hand, concrete pavements are initially more expensive, have lower driving comfort and are susceptible to cracking due to volume changes and to salt damage. A material with low-environmental impact and with advantages of both asphalt and concrete may be obtained by combining bitumen emulsions and a cementitious material. In this paper, cold asphalt mixtures with different amounts of cement were tested with Marshall stability tests. Selected mixtures were also cured at different environmental relative humidity (35, 70 and 90 % RH). By monitoring the mass of the specimens and estimating the water bound by the cement, the total water remaining in the mixtures was calculated. Details of the microstructure in the mixtures were examined with X-ray microtomography. According to the results of the present study, cement contributes to the hardening of cold asphalt mixtures both by creating cement paste bridges between the aggregates and by removing water from the mixtures through cement hydration. Asphalt and cement composites appear to be promising materials for implementation in real pavements, although their rate of hardening needs to be improved further.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hailesilassie, Biruk W., et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic X-ray radiography for the determination of foamed bitumen bubble area distribution
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 50:1, s. 79-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foam bitumen is highly efficient in wetting and coating the surface of mineral aggregate at lower temperature. In order to improve understanding and characterization of the bitumen foam, X-ray radiography was used to study the formation and decay of bitumen foam in 2D representation. Image segmentation analysis was used to determine the foam bubble size distribution. In addition, the main parameters influencing foam bitumen formation, water content, and temperature were also investigated. The results demonstrate the influence of the water content on morphology and expansion of foam bitumen bubbles. Adding more water in the foaming process leads to quick collapse of bubbles and intensifies coalescence of foam bitumen. Higher temperatures produces larger bubbles at early foaming stage compared to lower temperature. Moreover the morphology of bubble formation depends on the types of bitumen used. An exponential function has been implemented to represent the bubble area distribution.
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| 4. |
- Hailesilassie, Biruk W., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of bubble size distribution during foam bitumen formation and decay
- 2014
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Ingår i: Asphalt Pavements. - BOCA RATON : CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP. - 9781315736754 - 9781138026933 - 9781138027138 ; , s. 1233-1240
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The warm asphalt mixture process using foam asphalt technology allows mixing and compaction at lower temperature. Nevertheless the higher air void content and incomplete coating of large aggregates are issues that need improvement to reach the properties of hot mix asphalt. In order to improve the understanding and characterization of the bitumen foam, X-ray radiography was used to investigate the formation and decay of bitumen foam in 2D representation. Image segmentation analysis was used to determine the foam bubble size distribution as a function of time. The impact of water content on the process has been studied for two penetration grade bitumen. The water content showed considerable influence on the foam quality in terms of expansion ratio and bubble size distribution. Increasing the water content in the foaming process leads to a quicker collapse of the bubbles and favors coalescence of individual bubbles.
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| 5. |
- Lal, Sreeyuth, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of Water Uptake in Porous Asphalt Concrete Using Neutron Radiography
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transport in Porous Media. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3913 .- 1573-1634. ; 105:2, s. 431-450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Porous asphalt (PA), a highly porous hydrophobic composite material, is subjected to water uptake and the process is documented with neutron radiography (NR). While the un-aged laboratory-prepared PA specimens do not show any water uptake, we observe uptake in aged PA even though the bitumen binder is a hydrophobic material. The moisture content distribution plots derived from the NR images clearly identify regions in the aged specimens where water uptake is active. Two-dimensional degree of saturation (DoS) distribution images, which are obtained by combining micro-computer tomography and NR images, identify those pores where saturated flow is certainly active. However, to clearly distinguish between saturated and unsaturated flows in the remaining wet pores, the DoS distribution images are read together with the three-dimensional PA microstructure obtained by micro-CT. It is observed that uptake begins mainly as unsaturated film/corner flow at large well-defined pores. As this uptaken water travels further into the material, the flow transforms into a combination of saturated flow and unsaturated film/corner flow. Saturated flow is seen to be mostly active in the small pores within the mastic. From the observed succession of unsaturated and saturated flows in an aged PA specimen, it can be concluded that years of environmental and mechanical loading has resulted in the stripping of binder from the aggregate surfaces and has consequently exposed patches of hydrophilic aggregate to water, which enables the capillary uptake of water. We also simulate an absolute permeability experiment and observe that relatively less tortuous and more connected paths play an important role in determining the preferential path of the uptaken water.
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| 6. |
- Pierantoni, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Muscular loading affects the 3D structure of both the mineralized rudiment and growth plate at early stages of bone formation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bone. - : Elsevier BV. - 8756-3282. ; 145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fetal immobilization affects skeletal development and can lead to severe malformations. Still, how mechanical load affects embryonic bone formation is not fully elucidated. This study combines mechanobiology, image analysis and developmental biology, to investigate the structural effects of muscular loading on embryonic long bones. We present a novel approach involving a semi-automatic workflow, to study the spatial and temporal evolutions of both hard and soft tissues in 3D without any contrast agent at micrometrical resolution. Using high-resolution phase-contrast-enhanced X-ray synchrotron microtomography, we compare the humeri of Splotch-delayed embryonic mice lacking skeletal muscles with healthy littermates. The effects of skeletal muscles on bone formation was studied from the first stages of mineral deposition (Theiler Stages 23 and 24) to just before birth (Theiler Stage 27). The results show that muscle activity affects both growth plate and mineralized regions, especially during early embryonic development. When skeletal muscles were absent, there was reduced mineralization, altered tuberosity size and location, and, at early embryonic stages, decreased chondrocyte density, size and elongation compared to littermate controls. The proposed workflow enhances our understanding of mechanobiology of early bone formation and could be implemented for the study of other complex biological tissues.
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