| 1. |
- Bai, Xiangning, et al.
(författare)
-
Genomic Insights Into Clinical Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains: A 15-Year Period Survey in Jonkoping, Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-302X. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are important foodborne pathogens that can cause human infections ranging from asymptomatic carriage to bloody diarrhea (BD) and fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). However, the molecular mechanism of STEC pathogenesis is not entirely known. Here, we demonstrated a large scale of molecular epidemiology and in-depth genomic study of clinical STEC isolates utilizing clinical and epidemiological data collected in Region Jonkoping County, Sweden, over a 15-year period. Out of 184 STEC isolates recovered from distinct patients, 55 were from patients with BD, and 129 were from individuals with non-bloody stools (NBS). Five individuals developed HUS. Adults were more associated with BD. Serotypes O157:H7, O26:H11, O103:H2, O121:H19, and O104:H4 were more often associated with BD. The presence of Shiga toxin-encoding gene subtypes stx(2a), stx(2a) + stx(2c), and stx(1a) + stx(2c) was associated with BD, while stx(1)(a) was associated with milder disease. Multiplex virulence and accessory genes were correlated with BD; these genes encode toxins, adhesion, autotransporters, invasion, and secretion system. A number of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, such as aminoglycoside, aminocoumarin, macrolide, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, were prevalent among clinical STEC isolates. Whole-genome phylogeny revealed that O157 and non-O157 STEC isolates evolved from distinct lineages with a few exceptions. Isolates from BD showed more tendency to cluster closely. In conclusion, this study unravels molecular trait of clinical STEC strains and identifies genetic factors associated with severe clinical outcomes, which could contribute to management of STEC infections and disease progression if confirmed by further functional validation.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Börjesson, Stefan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolates in Swedish broilers mediated by an incl plasmid carrying bla(CTX-M-1)
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 55
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The already high and increasing occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli in European broiler populations is of concern due to the fact that third and fourth generation cephalosporins are deemed critically important in human medicine. In Sweden 34% of the broilers carry ESBL/pAmpC producing E. coli in their gut, despite the absence of a known selection pressure such as antimicrobial usages. The aim of the current study was to characterise a selection of E. coli strains carrying the blaCTX-M-1, to determine if the spread was due to a specific clone.FINDINGS: Ten isolates carrying blaCTX-M-1 from Swedish broilers belonged to eight different multi-locus sequence types with three isolates belonging to ST155. The ST155 isolates were identical as assessed by PFGE. The blaCTX-M-1 was in all isolates carried on a plasmid of replicon type incI, which also transferred resistance to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole.CONCLUSION: The occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in the Swedish broilers is not due to the emergence of a single clone, but rather the spread of a specific incI plasmid carrying blaCTX-M-1.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Elväng, Annelie M., et al.
(författare)
-
Use of green fluorescent protein and luciferase biomarkers to monitor survival and activity of Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6 cells during degradation of 4-chlorophenol in soil
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 1462-2912 .- 1462-2920. ; 3:1, s. 32-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recently isolated novel species Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6 is capable of growth on and degradation of high concentrations of 4-chlorophenol (up to 350 mug ml(-1)) as the sole carbon and energy source, This strain shows promise for bioremediation of environmental sites contaminated with high levels of chlorophenols. In this study, green fluorescent protein (gfp) or luciferase (luc) genes were used as biomarkers for monitoring cell number and activity, respectively, during degradation of 4-chlorophenol by A. chlorophenolicus cells. The individual marked strains, Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6L (luc-tagged) and Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6G (gfp-tagged), were monitored during degradation of 250 mug ml(-1) 4-chlorophenol in pure culture and 175 mug g(-1) 4-chlorophenol in soil microcosms. Both gene-tagged strains were capable of cleaning up the contaminated soil during 9 d incubation. During the bioremediation experiments, the luc-tagged cells were monitored using luminometry and the gfp tagged cells using flow cytometry, in addition to selective plate counting for both strains. The cells remained at high population levels in the soil (evidenced by GFP-fluorescent cell counts) and the A. chlorophenolicus A6L population was metabolically active (evidenced by luciferase activity measurements). These results demonstrate that the Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6 inoculum is effective for cleaning-up soil containing high concentrations of 4-chlorophenol.
|
|
| 6. |
- Guy, Lionel, et al.
(författare)
-
Adaptive Mutations and Replacements of Virulence Traits in the Escherichia coli O104:H4 Outbreak Population
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:5, s. e63027-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sequencing of highly virulent Escherichia coli O104:H4 strains isolated during the outbreak of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome in Europe in 2011 revealed a genome that contained a Shiga toxin encoding prophage and a plasmid encoding enteroaggregative fimbriae. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of a strain isolated in Sweden from a patient who had travelled to Tunisia in 2010 (E112/10) and was found to differ from the outbreak strains by only 38 SNPs in non-repetitive regions, 16 of which were mapped to the branch to the outbreak strain. We identified putatively adaptive mutations in genes for transporters, outer surface proteins and enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates. A comparative analysis with other historical strains showed that E112/10 contained Shiga toxin prophage genes of the same genotype as the outbreak strain, while these genes have been replaced by a different genotype in two otherwise very closely related strains isolated in the Republic of Georgia in 2009. We also present the genome sequences of two enteroaggregative E. coli strains affiliated with phylogroup A (C43/90 and C48/93) that contain the agg genes for the AAF/I-type fimbriae characteristic of the outbreak population. Interestingly, C43/90 also contained a tet/mer antibiotic resistance island that was nearly identical in sequence to that of the outbreak strain, while the corresponding island in the Georgian strains was most similar to E. coli strains of other serotypes. We conclude that the pan-genome of the outbreak population is shared with strains of the A phylogroup and that its evolutionary history is littered with gene replacement events, including most recently independent acquisitions of antibiotic resistance genes in the outbreak strains and its nearest neighbors. The results are summarized in a refined evolutionary model for the emergence of the O104:H4 outbreak population.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Jakobsson, Hedvig E., et al.
(författare)
-
Decreased gut microbiota diversity, delayed Bacteroidetes colonisation and reduced Th1 responses in infants delivered by Caesarean section
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Gut. - London : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 63:4, s. 559-566
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- important stimuli for immune development, and a reduced microbial exposure as well as caesarean section (CS) has been associated with the development of allergic disease. Here we address how microbiota development in infants is affected by mode of delivery, and relate differences in colonisation patterns to the maturation of a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response. Design The postnatal intestinal colonisation pattern was investigated in 24 infants, born vaginally (15) or by CS (nine). The intestinal microbiota were characterised using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after birth. Venous blood levels of Th1- and Th2-associated chemokines were measured at 6, 12 and 24 months. Results Infants born through CS had lower total microbiota diversity during the first 2 years of life. CS delivered infants also had a lower abundance and diversity of the Bacteroidetes phylum and were less often colonised with the Bacteroidetes phylum. Infants born through CS had significantly lower levels of the Th1-associated chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL11 in blood. Conclusions CS was associated with a lower total microbial diversity, delayed colonisation of the Bacteroidetes phylum and reduced Th1 responses during the first 2 years of life.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Jernberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of 4-chlorophenol contamination and/or inoculation with the 4-chlorophenol-degrading strain, Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6L, on soil bacterial community structure
- 2002
-
Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 42:3, s. 387-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 4-chlorophenol-degrading strain, Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6L (chromosomally tagged with the firefly luciferase gene, luc) was inoculated into 4-chlorophenol-contaminated soil to assess the impact of bioaugmentation with a biodegrading strain on the indigenous microbiota. Simultaneously, the impact of 4-chlorophenol alone, or inoculation with A. chlorophenolicus into non-contaminated soil, was addressed. Using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) several significant changes were detected in community fingerprint patterns obtained from soil microcosms treated under the different conditions. The relative abundances of some populations, as judged by the relative intensity of terminal restriction fragments, were significantly impacted by either 4-chlorophenol, A. chlorophenolicus inoculation, or by a combination of both inoculation and 4-chlorophenol contamination. Some populations were significantly stimulated and others were significantly repressed when compared to control soil with no additions. For several peaks, the positive or negative impact imposed by the treatments increased over the 13-day incubation period. Some members of the bacterial community were specifically sensitive to A. chlorophenolicus inoculation or to 4-chlorophenol contamination, whereas other populations remained relatively unaffected by any of the treatments. The A. chlorophenolicus inoculum was also monitored by T-RFLP and was found to have a significantly higher relative abundance in soil contaminated with 4-chlorophenol. These results were substantiated by a high correlation to luciferase activity measurements and the number of colony forming units of the inoculum. Therefore, the A. chlorophenolicus A6L population was positively stimulated by the presence of the 4-chlorophenol substrate (180 microg g(-1) soil) that it catabolized during the first 8 days of the incubation period as a carbon and energy source. Together, these results demonstrate that specific populations in the soil bacterial community rapidly fluctuated in response to specific disturbances and the resulting shifts in the community may therefore represent an adjustment in community structure favoring those populations best capable of responding to novel stress scenarios.
|
|
