| 1. |
- Davidsson, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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The Fourth Wave of Digitalization and Public Transport : Opportunities and Challenges
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 8:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the opportunities and challenges of the forth wave of digitalization, also referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT), with respect to public transport and how it can support sustainable development of society. Environmental, economical, and social perspectives are considered through analysis of the existing literature and explorative studies. We conclude that there are great opportunities for both transport operators and planners, as well as for the travelers. We describe and analyze a number of concrete opportunities for each of these actors. However, in order to realize these opportunities, there are also a number of challenges that needs to be addressed. There are both technical challenges, such as data collection issues, interoperability, scalability and information security, and non-technical challenges such as business models, usability, privacy issues, and deployment.
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| 2. |
- Engström, Jimmy
(författare)
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Scaling Indoor Positioning : improving accuracy and privacy of indoor positioning
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Our phones have many uses for positioning technologies, such as navigation, LocationBased Services (LBS), emergency positioning, fitness applications, and advertising. We trust our phones and wearables to be location-aware. However, as soon as we enter a building, we can no longer use GPS signals, as their already weak signals are well below the background noise of the environment. This requires us to develop alternatives, such as installing active radio beacons, using existing radio infrastructure, applying environmental sensing based on barometric pressure and magnetic fields, or utilizing Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) to estimate the user location. This licentiate thesis aims to evaluate beacon-based indoor positioning, where we assume installing a set of small battery-powered Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) beacons are possible. In particular, the thesis addresses essential factors such as installation effort, accuracy, the privacy aspects of an Indoor Positioning System(IPS), and mitigation of accuracy issues related to radio signal shadowing in complex indoor environments. The goal is to solve some obstacles to the widespread adoption of indoor positioning solutions.
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| 3. |
- Engström, Jimmy, et al.
(författare)
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Some Design Considerations in Passive Indoor Positioning Systems
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; 23:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- User location is becoming an increasingly common and important feature for a wide range of services. Smartphone owners increasingly use location-based services, as service providers add context-enhanced functionality such as car-driving routes, COVID-19 tracking, crowdedness indicators, and suggestions for nearby points of interest. However, positioning a user indoors is still problematic due to the fading of the radio signal caused by multipath and shadowing, where both have complex dependencies on the indoor environment. Location fingerprinting is a common positioning method where Radio Signal Strength (RSS) measurements are compared to a reference database of previously stored RSS values. Due to the size of the reference databases, these are often stored in the cloud. However, server-side positioning computations make preserving the user's privacy problematic. Given the assumption that a user does not want to communicate his/her location, we pose the question of whether a passive system with client-side computations can substitute fingerprinting-based systems, which commonly use active communication with a server. We compared two passive indoor location systems based on multilateration and sensor fusion using an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) with fingerprinting and show how these may provide accurate indoor positioning without compromising the user's privacy in a busy office environment.
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| 4. |
- Göransson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Shelf-life variations in pallet unit loads during perishable food supply chain distribution
- 2018
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Ingår i: Food Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-7135 .- 1873-7129. ; 84, s. 552-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an experimental study of the thermal inertia of a pallet loaded with returnable plastic crates containing primary packages of smoked ham. Based on this, food quality variations within the pallet were also investigated. Thermal time constants from 83 sensor locations were identified by studying the temperature changes when the pallet was exposed to instant temperature drops (16 °C–2 °C) and temperature elevations (2 °C–16 °C). The thermal time constants were used in microbiological prediction models to calculate the maximum difference in shelf life between packages at the two most extreme spots in the pallet unit load, when temperature elevated from 4 °C to a higher temperature (ranging from 4.5 °C to 12 °C), during different periods of time (ranging from 0.5 h to 200 h). The results showed a maximum difference in shelf life of approximately 1.8 days. The identified thermal time constants were also used to calculate the maximum difference in shelf life between packages at the two most extreme spots of a pallet unit load, in a real chilled food supply chain lasting for about 2.5 days. This resulted in a maximum difference of 0.1 days. The results imply that the location of a product in a pallet has a relatively low influence on the product shelf life. This means that a temperature sensor used for calculating the predicted shelf life of a product, can be placed relatively far from the product itself (e.g. on the secondary package or even on the pallet) without jeopardizing the reliability of the resulting shelf-life prediction. However, the results also emphasize the importance of continuous temperature monitoring along the entire chilled food supply chains.
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| 5. |
- Göransson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Temperature performance and food shelf-life accuracy in cold food supply chains – Insights from multiple field studies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Food Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-7135 .- 1873-7129. ; 86, s. 332-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A challenge in perishable food industry today is variable and unknown food quality caused by different temperature conditions. This sometimes leads to unreliable printed shelf lives (best before dates) and food waste. Hence, temperature monitoring and control along cold food supply chains (FSCs) are essential for maintaining food quality and safety of perishable food products. This paper evaluates the temperature performance of cold food supply chains in relation to dynamically predicted shelf life and printed shelf life. Based on an in-depth study of actual temperature conditions of food products collected from field tests made in Swedish FSCs (from production to retail cold storage and retail displays), complete FSC scenarios were created. The results showed a significant difference in product shelf life between the most and least efficient FSCs, and between dynamically predicted and printed shelf life. Overall, the distribution from production to retail represents an efficient part of the FSC, in contrast to retail display storage. This study emphasizes the importance of a full-time temperature monitoring system to confirm food quality. A temperature monitoring system can be used to enable dynamic shelf life prediction, increase FSC transparency, and support food producers to proactively improve printed shelf lives.
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| 6. |
- Jevinger, Åse, et al.
(författare)
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A Field Test Study on a Dynamic Shelf Life Service for Perishables
- 2014
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Ingår i: 26th Conference of the Nordic Logistics Research Network. ; , s. 78-92
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate the possibilities, risks and requirements of a dynamic shelf life service – a technological innovation focusing on minimizing food waste in supply chains (SC). Design/methodology/approach: Semi-structured, open-ended interviews with SC actors have been used to identify the requirements, possibilities and risks with a dynamic shelf life service. Field tests have been conducted to investigate practical implications and effects of small temperature variations on shelf life. The field tests involved sensors based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Findings: The results show that a DSLP service holds great potentials. The field tests revealed that shelf life predictions are sensitive to small temperature differences along the cold chain. Results from the interviews confirm the importance of accuracy. The interviews also emphasize the importance of sharing costs among the involved actors. Research limitations/implications: Key aspects from 11 SC actors concerning dynamic shelf life prediction in cold chains are provided. The field tests involve a SC from production to household. Practical implications: Implementation of a dynamic shelf life service can increase visibility and information flow within SCs. The system can also be integrated with companies’ business systems creating new business opportunities and reducing manual work by automatically alerting quality fluctuations of food products. Original/value: Quantitative and qualitative data from 11 SC actors are provided. This information, together with the experiences reported from the field tests, have the potential to help replacing dysfunctional date labelling systems and reduce food waste.
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| 7. |
- Jevinger, Åse, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for agent-based modeling of intelligent goods
- 2011
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. ; , s. 97-112, s. 97-112
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to present a framework for intelligent goods and illustrate how it can be applied when modeling intelligent goods as agents. It includes a specification of different levels of capability connected to the goods, which is based on a number of capability dimensions. Additionally, three specific intelligent goods services related to transport are presented. We show how these services can be modeled as agents and how they relate to the intelligent goods framework. A discussion of different physical locations of service information and processing is also included.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Jevinger, Åse, et al.
(författare)
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A Method for Identifying and Evaluating Architectures of Intelligent Goods Services
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Intelligent Distributed Computing – IDC 2011. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. ; , s. 237-242
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a method for identifying possible architectural solutions for potential intelligent goods services. The solutions range from putting all intelligence at the goods level, to requiring no intelligence on the goods at all. The method is based on a general framework for describing intelligent goods systems, which involves several levels of intelligence related to both the goods and the local environments surrounding the goods. Furthermore, a number of quality attributes are identified, which may be used for evaluating and comparing the solutions. Based on these attributes, a quality evaluation of the architectural solutions related to a potential intelligent goods service is also provided, as an example.
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| 10. |
- Jevinger, Åse, et al.
(författare)
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A method for identifying architectural solutions for potential intelligent goods services
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of this paper: This paper presents a method for identifying possible architectural solutions for potential intelligent goods services. The solutions range from implementing all service intelligence at the goods level to requiring no goods intelligence at all. The paper also shows how different solutions, identified by the method, can be compared and evaluated through quality analysis in order to determine when intelligent goods are beneficial. Design/methodology/approach: Literature and case studies, and theoretical analyses form the foundations of the paper. The method is based on a general framework for describing intelligent goods systems, which involves several levels of intelligence related to both the goods and the local entities surrounding the goods. Three specific services are used to illustrate the method. The quality analysis is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a number of proposed quality attributes. Findings: The paper illustrates how the framework can be used to identify relevant architectural solutions for a particular service, with different levels of intelligence on the goods. It also shows how to qualitatively analyze individual solutions and suggests an extension to the general framework for describing intelligent goods systems. Research limitations/implications: The paper does not contain measured data to base the quality analysis on. Testing the method and quality analysis on implemented cases is recommended for future work. What is original/value of paper: The novel method and approach for identifying and evaluating architectural solutions for potential intelligent goods services, are useful in general management when investigating the value of implementing intelligent goods. The paper also contributes to the description of intelligent goods systems.
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