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| 2. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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| 3. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 4. |
- Hu, Li-Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Terbinafine prevents colorectal cancer growth by inducing dNTP starvation and reducing immune suppression
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-0024 .- 1525-0016. ; 30:10, s. 3284-3299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Existing evidence indicates that gut fungal dysbiosis might play a key role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We sought to explore whether reversing the fungal dysbiosis by terbinafine, an approved antifungal drug, might inhibit the development of CRC. A population-based study from Sweden identified a total of 185 patients who received terbinafine after their CRC diagnosis and found that they had a decreased risk of death (hazard ratio=0.50) and metastasis (hazard ratio=0.44) compared with patients without terbinafine administration. In multiple mouse models of CRC, administration of terbinafine decreased the fungal load, the fungus-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) expansion, and the tumor burden. Fecal microbiota transplantation from mice without terbinafine treatment reversed MDSC infiltration and partially restored tumor proliferation. Mechanistically, terbinafine directly impaired tumor cell proliferation by reducing the ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) to reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), suppressing the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), resulting in nucleotide synthesis disruption, deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) starvation and cell cycle arrest. Collectively, terbinafine can inhibit CRC by reversing fungal dysbiosis, suppressing tumor cell proliferation, inhibiting fungus-induced MDSC infiltration, and restoring antitumor immune response.
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| 5. |
- Su, Zhi-Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Criterion for Dendrite Fragmentation of Carbon Steel under Imposition of Linear Travelling EMS
- 2009
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Ingår i: STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL. - 1611-3683. ; 80:11, s. 824-833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) of carbon steel with 0.22-0.98 mass%C is investigated, based on the dendrite fragmentation theory of T. Campanella et al. The following conclusions are obtained: The criterion for dendrite fragmentation under linear EMS is obtained and verified by the 0.22-0.98 mass%C steel experiments. Investigation is carried out on the relation between the superficial velocity of the liquid phase and the actual velocity of the interdendritic liquid and the volume fraction of solid at the time of dendrite fragmentation (CET occurrence). At the same superficial velocity, the dendrite fragmentation critical volume fraction of solid is smaller in the case of high carbon steel. As a result, the CET occurrence is more difficult in the case of high carbon steel. Dendrite fragmentation induced by EMS is confirmed by the fragments of dendrite arms observed in the macrostructure. The length of dendrite fragmentation observed is about 1mm
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| 6. |
- Zhang, Yue-Jiao, et al.
(författare)
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Probing the Electronic Structure of Heterogeneous Metal Interfaces by Transition Metal Shelled Gold Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 120:37, s. 20684-20691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In heterogeneous catalysis, characterization of heterogeneous metal interfaces of bimetallic catalysts is a crucial step to elucidate the catalytic performance and is a key to develop advanced catalysts. However, analytical techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy can only work in vacuum conditions and are difficult to use for in situ analysis. Here, we present efficient and convenient core-shell nano particle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to explore the in situ electronic structures of heterogeneous interfaces (Au@Pd and Au@Pt core-shell NPs) by varying the shell thickness. The experimental observations reported here clearly show that Pd donates electrons to Au, while Pt accepts electrons from Au at the heterogeneous interfaces. This conclusion gains further support from ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. The Au core greatly affects the electronic structures of both the Pd and Pt shells as well as catalytic behaviors. Finally, the as prepared core-shell nanoparticles were used to demonstrate their improved catalytic properties in real electrocatalytic systems such as methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Zou, Ji, et al.
(författare)
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Separating macrostresses from microstresses in Al2O3-15 vol%SiC particulate reinforced composites
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 109, s. 84-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Macrostresses and microstresses coexist in ceramics, but are difficult to distinguish. In this work, these two types of residual stresses were separated by comparing the stress levels on the mechanically and argon beam polished surfaces of Al2O3-15 vol%SiC particulate reinforced composites. Stresses were measured using the shift of a Raman peak of beta-sic, the shift of a luminescence line of alpha-Al2O3 and a self-consistent approach. The critical grain size of SiC, over which will result in the crack formation in Al2O3 matrix, was calculated to be 13.5-26.4 mu m. New microcracldng did not form in Al2O3 grains during progressive mechanical polishing.
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| 9. |
- Zou, Ji, et al.
(författare)
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Ultra-low temperature reactive spark plasma sintering of ZrB2-hBN ceramics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-2219 .- 1873-619X. ; 36:15, s. 3637-3645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Starting from ZrN and amorphous boron, dense ZrB2 ceramics with 37 vol% hexagonal BN were consolidated by spark plasma sintering. Benefiting from the moderate exothermic reaction between ZrN and B and the resultant fine powder generated, ZrB2-BN ceramics with relative density of 94% could be reached at 1100 degrees C, further improved to 97% by 1550 degrees C. The effects of sintering temperature and holding time on the densification behavior, microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of ZrB2-BN ceramics were investigated. ZrB2-37 vol%BN ceramics densified at 1700 degrees C exhibited attractive mechanical performance: a three-point bending strength of 353 MPa, a Vicker's hardness of 6.7 GPa and a Young's modulus of 197.5 GPa. Note that its strength dropped sharply to 191 MPa measured at 1300 degrees C. The combination of low sintering temperature (1100-1550 degrees C), low Young's modulus (180-200 GPa) and relatively high strength (200-350 MPa) make reactively sintered ZrB2-BN composites as promising matrix for continuous fiber reinforced composites.
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