| 1. |
- Carlander, J, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of experimental nerve injury caused by ultrasonically activated scalpel and electrosurgery.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The British journal of surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 92:6, s. 772-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic nerve injury caused by heat from dissection instruments is a significant problem in many areas of surgery. The aim of the present study was to compare the risk of nerve injury for three different dissection instruments: monopolar and bipolar electrosurgery (ES) and an ultrasonically activated (US) instrument. METHODS: The biceps femoris muscle was cut in a standard manner just adjacent to the sciatic nerve using monopolar ES, bipolar ES or US shears. A total of 73 functional experiments were conducted in which the nerve was isolated, divided proximally, and stimulated supramaximally in 37 anaesthetized rats. The electromyographic (EMG) potential was recorded distally before and after each experiment. Nerve dysfunction was defined as more than 10 per cent loss of the evoked EMG potential. Fifty-nine nerves were examined histologically after dissection with the different instruments. The extent of heat damage was determined in four nerves that were divided with ES bipolar scissors and five that were divided with US shears. RESULTS: Reduction in the EMG potential was significantly more frequent in the monopolar ES group than in the US group. Morphological examination also showed significantly less nerve damage in the US group. CONCLUSION: US instruments may be safer than ES for dissection close to nerves.
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| 2. |
- Chen, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Repeat periods of electrical stimulation prolong the modulation of the micturition reflex in the rat
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neurourology and Urodynamics. - : WILEY. - 0733-2467 .- 1520-6777. ; 37:8, s. 2480-2486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsMethodsThe aim of this study was to determine if the duration of the micturition reflex modulation could be prolonged by repeated periods of afferent stimulation in the decorticated rat. Eighteen female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study, 10 for intravesical electrical stimulation (IVES), and 8 for Ano-genital pudendal afferents stimulation. Repeated constant flow cystometries were performed with body-warm saline (0.06-0.1mL/min) at about 10min interval. The selected afferents were stimulated continuously for 5min at maximal intensity. The same stimulation was repeated six times with a pause of 5min between the stimulations. The mean threshold volume of cystometries performed during one hour before and each hour after the stimulation were compared. ResultsConclusionsAfter six periods of IVES, the micturition threshold volume decreased to its lowest value (62% of control) during the first hour and remained at 80% 4h later (n=10, Pamp;lt;0.01). Ano-genital afferent stimulation produced a corresponding increase in the micturition threshold volume. The long-lasting poststimulation effect was again observed for more than 5h. During the first hour the mean threshold volume increased to 211% of controls and it remained at about this level for the entire observation period (n=8, Pamp;lt;0.01). Repeated short periods of stimulation prolonged the modulatory effect well beyond the stimulation period. The findings provide experimental evidence supporting the clinical application of IVES and ano-genital stimulation for treatment of neurogenic urinary bladder dysfunction.
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| 3. |
- Ebner, A., et al.
(författare)
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Intravesical electrical stimulation : an experimental analysis of the mechanism of action
- 1992
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - 0022-5347. ; 148:3, s. 920-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The working mechanism of intravesical electrical stimulation (IVES) was evaluated in alpha-chloralose anaesthetized cats and rats. IVES involved a direct activation of bladder mechanoreceptor afferents of the A delta type and as a consequence a central reflex activation of the detrusor. The detrusor response was abolished by bilateral transection of the S1-S3 dorsal roots and by intravesical instillation of lidocaine. The optimal stimulation frequency was 20 Hz. The results offer a theoretical rationale for the use of IVES as treatment of weak detrusor contractility in man.
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| 4. |
- He, Leye, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Significance of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-alpha in Prostatic Secretion of Patients With Chronic Prostatitis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-4295 .- 1527-9995. ; 75:3, s. 654-657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To explore the clinical significance of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) of patients with different types of chronic prostatitis (CP). Methods Fifty-seven CP patients and 12 healthy males (controls) were investigated. The CP patients were evaluated through routine examination of urine, EPS, 2 glasses urine culture, and the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) score and classified by the NIH prostatitis diagnostic criteria. The levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-2 in the EPS were measured by two-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results CP patients fell into 3 groups: type II (n = 10), type IIIa (n = 26), and type IIIb (n = 21). EPS TNF-α and IL-10 levels were significantly higher in type II and type IIIa than in type IIIb and control groups. The levels of IL-2 were lower than control in all CP groups, but only type II was statistically different from the controls. In the CP patients, the level of TNF-α was positively related to the white blood cell counts (r = .77; P <.01), and the level of IL-10 was positively related to the NIH-CPSI scores (r = .55; P <.01). Conclusions Determination of variety expression of TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-2 in the EPS of CP patients may provide a potential indicator for clinical diagnosis classification and an indicator to evaluate the effect of treatment of CP.
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| 5. |
- Hu, Minyu, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of lycopene and fluvastatin effects on atherosclerosis induced by a high-fat diet in rabbits
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1475-2891. ; 24:10, s. 1030-1038
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective We evaluated the antiatherogenic effect of lycopene in rabbits fed a high-fat diet. Methods Forty adult male rabbits were divided into five groups that were fed a standard diet, a high-fat diet, a high-fat diet plus 4 mg/kg of lycopene, a high-fat diet plus 12 mg/kg of lycopene, and a high-fat diet plus 10 mg/kg of fluvastatin, respectively. Lycopene and fluvastatin were administered intragastrically. The level of serum total cholesterol, total triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde were measured before and after 4 and 8 wk of experimental treatment. In addition, plasma levels of lycopene, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, serum nitric oxide, and interleukin-1 were measured after the experiment. The area of atherosclerotic plaque and pathologic changes of the aorta were evaluated. Results Compared with the control, levels of total cholesterol, total triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, malonaldehyde, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and interleukin-1 were increased and total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide were decreased in the animals with a high-fat diet (P < 0.05). Intragastric administration of lycopene counteracted the change in these parameters (P < 0.05). In this case, the data showed that lycopene in the used dose was better than the fluvastatin intervention. Morphologic analysis revealed that lycopene and fluvastatin markedly reduced the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta compared with the situation in rabbits on a high-fat diet alone. Conclusion Lycopene, like fluvastatin, significantly attenuated atherogenesis in rabbits fed a high-fat diet.
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| 6. |
- Jiang, Chonghe, et al.
(författare)
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Bladder cooling reflex and external urethral sphincter activity in the anesthetized and awake guinea pig
- 2008
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Ingår i: Pflügers Archiv. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6768 .- 1432-2013. ; 457:1, s. 61-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A spinal bladder cooling reflex, triggered by cold receptors of transient receptor potential melastatin type in the bladder wall, has been identified in several mammals, including man. This reflex and its influence on the external urethral sphincter were further characterized in the urethane anesthetized and awake guinea pigs. A total of 214 bladder infusions were performed in the 12 animals. Compared to controls, cold fluid induced a significant decrease in the threshold volume for reflex bladder contractions (median 82%, p<0.01). Menthol induced a further decrease (median 50%), signifying a bladder cooling reflex. Detrusor-sphincter activities were dyssynergic during voidings triggered by cold or menthol infusions but were coordinated during control infusions. The bladder cooling reflex was suppressed and the sphincter activity synergic following cold infusions in the awake state. Thus, the bladder cooling reflex is under the active descending inhibitory control in intact, awake animals. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.
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| 7. |
- Jiang, Chonghe, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Cold- and menthol-sensitive C afferents of cat urinary bladder
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3751 .- 1469-7793. ; 543:1, s. 211-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cold-sensitive C afferents of the urinary bladder were studied in adult anaesthetised with a-chloralose. The bladder was catheterised for fluid instillations and bladder pressure recordings. Pelvic nerve branches were stimulated electrically close to the bladder. Evoked afferent activity was recorded from dissected filaments of the ipsilateral S1-S2 dorsal roots. Responsive afferents were identified using the 'marking technique', based on activity-dependent decrease in C fibre conduction velocity. Of 108 examined bladder C afferents, 14 were activated by innocuous cooling of the bladder wall. Their conduction velocities ranged from 0.6 to 1.7 ms-1 and their activity dependent decrease in conduction velocity was <10%. All nine cold-sensitive afferents tested responded to methol exposure. Cold-sensitive C afferents failed to bladder filling with body-warm saline and to active bladder contractions. These characteristic indicate that the cold-sensitive C afferents of the bladder resemble cutaneous cold receptors rather than cold-sensitive mechanoreceptors or nociceptors. It is concluded that the bladder wall is endowed with cold receptors with unmyelinated C afferents in the pelvic nerves and that these afferents are responsible for bladder cooling reflex.
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| 8. |
- Jiang, Chonghe, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Cooling of the urinary bladder activates neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
- 2004
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 15:2, s. 351-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although visceral innocuous cold receptors have been documented, the central termination of their afferents is unknown. We used menthol solution (0. 6 m M) to obtain selective activation of cold receptors in the urinary bladder of rats. Innocuous cold stimulation induced Fos expression in a population of neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of L6-SI segments of the spinal cord. Neurons in other regions of the spinal cord, e.g. the lumbar parasympathetic nucleus or the dorsal commissure region, were activated to a similar degree by menthol and control infusions, indicating a response to bladder filling. Our results are consistent with the proposal that subsets of modality-specific dorsal horn neurons convey specific information regarding the exteroceptive and interoceptive state of the animal. © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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| 9. |
- Jiang, Chonghe, et al.
(författare)
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Gating of the Micturition Reflex by Tonic Activation of Bladder Cold Receptors in the Cat
- 2009
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Ingår i: NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS. - : Wiley. - 0733-2467 .- 1520-6777. ; 28:6, s. 555-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To determine whether C afferents can modify the gating of the A delta micturition reflex in order to identify the neuronal site of interaction of the two afferent systems. Methods: Adult female cats, anaesthetized with a.-chloralose, had their bladder and urethra catherized through a slit in the proximal urethra. Micturition threshold volume was assessed by cystometry and bladder efferent activity recorded simultaneously. The bladder was filled at a slow rate (1.2-3.5 ml/min) with either body-warm saline (control) or menthol solution (0.06 mM) or by cold saline (4 degrees C). Results: Of 14 trial sessions in 5 animals, the threshold volume of the A delta micturition reflex was consistently reduced by menthol infusions from a control median (md) value of 16.8 to 10.2 ml (P andlt; 0.01). The threshold pressure was also somewhat decreased from and 0.7 to 0.5 kPa (P andlt; 0.05), while the peak pressure or pressure slope did no differ in two situations. Similar results were obtained with slow cold infusions into the bladder (nine sessions in three animals). The threshold volume decreased from and 19.8 to 17.4 ml (P andlt; 0.05). The bladder reflex response to slow menthol or cold infusions had the typical features of an A delta micturition reflex in that the efferent activity was largely abolished by the bladder A delta mechanoreceptor unloading. Conclusions: Gradual tonic activation of bladder cold receptors lowers the threshold volume of the ordinary A delta micturition, pointing to a segmental spinal mechanism for the gating of the micturition reflex. Neurourol. Urodyrzam. 28:555-560, 2009.
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| 10. |
- Li, Longkun, et al.
(författare)
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Altered expression of calcium-activated K and Cl channels in detrusor overactivity of rats with partial bladder outflow obstruction
- 2008
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Ingår i: BJU International. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 101:12, s. 1588-1594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the activity of large- and small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa, SKCa) and calcium-activated chloride channels (ClCa) in detrusor overactivity (DO) cells after partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen female Wistar rats with DO caused by PBOO were studied simultaneously with eight sham-operated rats. The expression of KCa and ClCa channels was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the function of the two groups compared. RESULTS In the DO cells the expression of BKCa, SKCa2 and SKCa3 was lower, and that of ClCa channels higher, than in the control group cells. Using confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis, the function of BKCa and SKCa channels was suppressed, and that of ClCa channels was enhanced in DO group cells. KCa and ClCa effectors altered the cell membrane potentials more significantly in the DO cells than in the control cells, indicating a decrease in KCa and an increase in ClCa in DO group in either iso- or hypo-osmolar medium. Moreover, the change in BKCa, SKCa and ClCa channel activators in DO cells showed a more excitable state in hypo-osmolar medium than in iso-osmolar medium. CONCLUSION In DO myocytes after PBOO, the expression and function of KCa channels were decreased, and those of ClCa channels increased. These changes all provoke greater cell excitability, and could partly account for the DO.
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