| 1. |
- Rosser, Z H, et al.
(författare)
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Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language.
- 2000
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 67:6, s. 1526-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinal patterns of autosomal genetic diversity within Europe have been interpreted in previous studies in terms of a Neolithic demic diffusion model for the spread of agriculture; in contrast, studies using mtDNA have traced many founding lineages to the Paleolithic and have not shown strongly clinal variation. We have used 11 human Y-chromosomal biallelic polymorphisms, defining 10 haplogroups, to analyze a sample of 3,616 Y chromosomes belonging to 47 European and circum-European populations. Patterns of geographic differentiation are highly nonrandom, and, when they are assessed using spatial autocorrelation analysis, they show significant clines for five of six haplogroups analyzed. Clines for two haplogroups, representing 45% of the chromosomes, are continentwide and consistent with the demic diffusion hypothesis. Clines for three other haplogroups each have different foci and are more regionally restricted and are likely to reflect distinct population movements, including one from north of the Black Sea. Principal-components analysis suggests that populations are related primarily on the basis of geography, rather than on the basis of linguistic affinity. This is confirmed in Mantel tests, which show a strong and highly significant partial correlation between genetics and geography but a low, nonsignificant partial correlation between genetics and language. Genetic-barrier analysis also indicates the primacy of geography in the shaping of patterns of variation. These patterns retain a strong signal of expansion from the Near East but also suggest that the demographic history of Europe has been complex and influenced by other major population movements, as well as by linguistic and geographic heterogeneities and the effects of drift.
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| 2. |
- Grigorescu, F, et al.
(författare)
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HAPLOGENDIS INITIATIVE - SICA
- 2009
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Ingår i: ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST. - : ACTA Endocrinologica Foundation. - 1841-0987 .- 1843-066X. ; 5:1, s. 143-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Ballantyne, Kaye N., et al.
(författare)
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Toward Male Individualization with Rapidly Mutating Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 35:8, s. 1021-1032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strikingly, greater than99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were completely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836-0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost absent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in urban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis of molecular variance revealed 99.98% of variation within populations, 0.018% among populations within groups, and 0.002% among groups. Of the 2,372 newly and 156 previously typed male relative pairs, 29% were differentiated including 27% of the 2,378 father-son pairs. Relative to Yfiler, haplotype diversity was increased in 86% of the populations tested and overall male relative differentiation was raised by 23.5%. Our study demonstrates the value of RMY-STRs in identifying and separating unrelated and related males and provides a reference database.
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| 6. |
- Jorgensen, E. H., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term fasting in the anadromous Arctic charr is associated with downregulation of metabolic enzyme activity and upregulation of leptin A1 and SOCS expression in the liver
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0022-0949 .- 1477-9145. ; 216:17, s. 3222-3230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The life strategy of the anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) includes several months of voluntary fasting during overwintering in freshwater, leading to emaciation prior to seawater migration in spring. In this study we compared changes in condition, substrate utilization and liver metabolism between captive anadromous charr subjected to food deprivation during late winter and spring, and conspecifics fed in excess. In March, nine out of the 10 sampled fed fish had not eaten, indicating that they were in a voluntary anorexic state. In June, the fed fish were eating and all had higher body mass, condition factor and adiposity than in March. In fasted fish there were only small decreases in body mass, condition factor and adiposity between March and May, but all these parameters decreased markedly from May to June. The fasted fish were depleted in fat and glycogen in June, had suppressed activity of hepatic enzymes involved in lipid metabolism (G6PDH and HOAD) and seemed to rely on protein-derived glucose as a major energy source. This was associated with upregulated liver gene expression of leptin A1, leptin A2, SOCS1, SOCS2 and SOCS3, and reduced IGF-I expression. In an in vitro study with liver slices it was shown that recombinant rainbow trout leptin stimulated SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression, but not SOCS2, IGF-I or genes of enzymes involved in lipid (G6PDH) and amino acid (AspAT) metabolism. It is concluded that liver leptin interacts with SOCS in a paracrine fashion to suppress lipolytic pathways and depress metabolism when fat stores are depleted.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Schulte-Oehlmann, U, et al.
(författare)
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COMPRENDO: Focus and approach.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924 .- 0091-6765. ; 114:Supplement 1, s. 98-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tens of thousands of man-made chemicals are in regular use and discharged into the environment. Many of them are known to interfere with the hormonal systems in humans and wildlife. Given the complexity of endocrine systems, there are many ways in which endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can affect the body's signaling system, and this makes unraveling the mechanisms of action of these chemicals difficult. A major concern is that some of these EDCs appear to be biologically active at extremely low concentrations. There is growing evidence to indicate that the guiding principle of traditional toxicology that "the dose makes the poison" may not always be the case because some EDCs do not induce the classical dose-response relationships. The European Union project COMPRENDO (Comparative Research on Endocrine Disrupters--Phylogenetic Approach and Common Principles focussing on Androgenic/Antiandrogenic Compounds) therefore aims to develop an understanding of potential health problems posed by androgenic and antiandrogenic compounds (AACs) to wildlife and humans by focusing on the commonalities and differences in responses to AACs across the animal kingdom (from invertebrates to vertebrates) .
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| 9. |
- Weiland, F., et al.
(författare)
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Ovarian Blood Sampling Identifies Junction Plakoglobin as a Novel Biomarker of Early Ovarian Cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2234-943X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Early detection would improve survival, but an effective diagnostic test does not exist. Novel biomarkers for early ovarian cancer diagnosis are therefore warranted. We performed intraoperative blood sampling from ovarian veins of stage I epithelial ovarian carcinomas and analyzed the serum proteome. Junction plakoglobin (JUP) was found to be elevated in venous blood from ovaries with malignancies when compared to those with benign disease. Peripheral plasma JUP levels were validated by ELISA in a multicenter international patient cohort. JUP was significantly increased in FIGO serous stage IA+B (1.97-fold increase; p < 0.001; n = 20), serous stage I (2.09-fold increase; p < 0.0001; n = 40), serous stage II (1.81-fold increase, p < 0.001, n = 23) and serous stage III ovarian carcinomas (1.98-fold increase; p < 0.0001; n = 34) vs. normal controls (n = 109). JUP plasma levels were not increased in early stage breast cancer (p = 0.122; n = 12). In serous ovarian cancer patients, JUP had a sensitivity of 85% in stage IA+B and 60% in stage IA-C, with specificities of 76 and 94%, respectively. A logistic regression model of JUP and Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) revealed a sensitivity of 70% for stage IA+B and 75% for stage IA-C serous carcinomas at 100% specificity. Our novel ovarian blood sampling – proteomics approach identified JUP as a promising new biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer, which in combination with CA125 might fulfill the test criteria for ovarian cancer screening. © Copyright © 2020 Weiland, Lokman, Klingler-Hoffmann, Jobling, Stephens, Sundfeldt, Hoffmann and Oehler.
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| 10. |
- Froiland, E., et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal appetite regulation in the anadromous Arctic charr: Evidence for a role of adiposity in the regulation of appetite but not for leptin in signalling adiposity
- 2012
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Ingår i: General and Comparative Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-6480. ; 178:2, s. 330-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether the seasonal feeding cycle of the anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is regulated by a lipostatic mechanism and if leptin (Lep) might act as an endocrine signal of adiposity. Offspring of anadromous Arctic charr with a body mass of 121 g were divided into two treatment groups; one was given feed in excess from March to November. and the other was fasted between April and early June and fed in excess thereafter. In the continuously fed group there was an 8-fold increase in body mass, and a doubling of percentage body fat, from March to August, after which there was no further increase. Fish in the other group lost weight and body fat during fasting, but grew rapidly on being fed, and had partially compensated for their deficit in body mass by August. Differences in percentage body fat between treatment groups were eliminated by August. providing evidence for a lipostatic regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis in Arctic charr. Neither liver total LepA gene expression nor plasma Lep concentrations correlated positively with fish adiposity, so there was no evidence that Lep acts as a signal of adiposity in this species. On the other hand, there was a strong increase in liver LepA1 gene expression at the end of the fasting period, concomitant with fat mobilization and increased plasma glucose, indicating that LepA1 may play a role in regulating metabolic processes associated with fasting. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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