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- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Microplastics from tyre and road wear: a literature review
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This literature review concerns microplastics from tyre and road wear caused by road traffic. As there is limited knowledge about microplastics in general, and microplastics from road traffic in particular, the Swedish Government commissioned the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) to, during 2018-2020, develop and disseminate knowledge about microplastics from road traffic. The chapters in this report summarises existing knowledge about microplastics from road traffic with respect to the following aspects: sources, spread and presence; effects on and risk to the environment and human health; characteristics and chemical composition; tyre and road wear; sampling methods; analysis and sample preparation; and measures. The report also includes a chapter with overall conclusions, and a chapter about further research, development and investigation needs. The purpose of this report is to provide a basis for reducing the generation and spread of microplastics from road traffic. One aim of the report is to collate and disseminate knowledge about microplastics generated by tyre and road wear, and to review the current level of knowledge. A second aim is to identify knowledge gaps and research requirements in relation to microplastics from road traffic. This literature review is based on a review of scientific articles and reports, as well as technical literature and some information from experts and industry.
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| 2. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Mikroplast från däck- och vägslitage : en kunskapssammanställning
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna kunskapssammanställning handlar om mikroplast från vägtrafikens däck- och vägslitage. Eftersom kunskapen om mikroplaster från vägtrafiken är begränsad samtidigt som däckslitage bedöms vara den största källan till utsläpp av mikroplast i Sverige, gav regeringen inom ramen för sitt arbete med plast och mikroplast Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut (VTI) i uppdrag att under 2018– 2020 ta fram och sprida kunskap om mikroplast från vägtrafiken. Varje kapitel i denna rapport sammanfattar befintlig kunskap om mikroplast från vägtrafiken avseende en eller flera aspekter. Dessa aspekter är: källor, spridning och förekomst; miljö- och hälsoeffekter samt risker; egenskaper och kemisk sammansättning; däck- och vägslitage; provtagningsmetoder; analys- och provberedningsmetoder samt åtgärder. Dessutom finns ett kapitel med sammanfattande slutsatser och allra sist ett kapitel om forsknings-, utvecklings- och utredningsbehov.Syftet med rapporten är att den ska utgöra ett underlag för att minska emissioner och spridning av mikroplast från vägtrafiken. Ett mål med rapporten är att sammanställa och sprida kunskap om mikroplast från däck- och vägslitage och att redogöra för nuvarande kunskapsläge. Ytterligare ett mål är att identifiera kunskaps- och forskningsbehov avseende mikroplast från vägtrafiken.Underlaget till denna kunskapssammanställning utgörs av vetenskapliga artiklar och rapporter samt facklitteratur och information från branschen och från experter.
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| 5. |
- Bohlin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of the amount of β2-glycoprotein I adsorbed at the inner surface of fused silica capillaries after acidic, neutral and alkaline pretreatment
- 2012
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Ingår i: Electrophoresis. - Weinheim, Germany : John Wiley & Sons. - 0173-0835 .- 1522-2683. ; 33:12, s. 1695-1702
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sample adsorption to the inner surface of fused silica capillaries is a common problem inCE when analyzingmacromolecules and is harmful to the analysis. We previously utilizedthe pH hysteresis effect of fused silica to facilitate electrophoresis of the strongly adsorbingprotein β2gpI in plain-fused silica capillaries at neutral pH. In the present paper, theeffect of different pretreatments of the capillary on the adsorption of the β2-glycoproteinI has been investigated using electroosmosis markers, SDS mobilization, and imagingbased on indirect immunofluorescence microscopy for direct visualization. The amountof β2gpI adsorbed on the surface was probed using all these independent techniques afterelectrophoresis at neutral pH on capillaries pretreated with HCl, background electrolyte(BGE), and NaOH. BGE pretreatment was included as a positive control. We found that80% or more of the starting material was adsorbed to the inner surface of the silicacapillaries during electrophoresis after pretreatment with only BGE or with NaOH, butafter acidic pretreatment the loss was consistently less than 20%. NaOH most efficientlyremoves adsorbed protein between runs. A theoretical calculation of the pH change ofthe BGE showed that electrolysis affects the pH more than the deprotonation of silanolsduring electrophoresis. We conclude that acidic pretreatment of fused silica capillariesdiminishes adsorption of β2gpI by decreasing charge-dependent wall adsorption.
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| 7. |
- Eklund, Rakel, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Daily uplifts during the COVID-19 pandemic : what is considered helpful in everyday life?
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundKnowledge of what is uplifting and helpful during pandemics could inform the design of sustainable pandemic recommendations in the future. We have explored individuals’ views on helpful and uplifting aspects of everyday life during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodsParticipants answered a brief, daily survey via text messages during 14 consecutive days in July–August, 2020. The survey included the question: “During the past 24 hours, is there anything that has made you feel good or helped you in your life?” We used content analysis to compile responses from 693 participants, who provided 4,490 free-text answers, which resulted in 24 categories subsumed under 7 themes.ResultsPositive aspects during the COVID-19 pandemic primarily related to social interactions, in real life or digitally, with family, friends and others. Other important aspects concerning work, colleagues and maintaining everyday life routines. One theme concerning vacations, going on excursions and being in nature. Leisure and recreation activities, such as hobbies and physical exercise, also emerged as important, as did health-related factors. Bodily sensations, thoughts, feelings and activities that benefited well-being were mentioned frequently. Lastly, people commented on the government strategies for containing COVID-19, and whether to comply with restrictions.ConclusionsTo summarize, daily uplifts and helpful aspects of everyday life centered around social relationships. To comply with recommendations on physical distancing, people found creative ways to maintain social connections both digitally and face-to-face. Social interaction, maintenance of everyday life routines, hobbies and physical activity appeared to be important for well-being.
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| 8. |
- Eklund, Rakel, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Daily uplifts during the COVID-19 pandemic: What is considered helpful in everyday life?
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Knowledge about what has been experienced as uplifting and helpful during the pandemic could inform sustainable pandemic recommendations. Objective: We explored individuals’ views on helpful and uplifting aspects of their everyday life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Participants answered a brief, daily survey via SMS for 14 consecutive days during July-August, 2020. The survey included the question: “During the past 24 hours, is there anything that has made you feel good or helped you in your life?”. We used content analysis to compile the responses from 693 participants who provided 4490 free-text answers, which resulted in 25 categories subsumed under 7 themes. Results: Positive aspects during COVID-19 primarily related to social interactions, in real life or digitally, with family, friends, and others. Other important aspects concerned work and colleagues, as well as leisure and recreation activities, such as hobbies and physical exercise. As the data collection took place during the summer, one theme concerned vacation, doing excursions, and being in nature. Nevertheless, maintaining everyday life routines emerged as important. Participants also mentioned health-related factors. Sensations, thoughts, feelings, and activities that benefited wellbeing were frequently reported. Lastly, people were writing about the government strategies for containing COVID-19, and whether to comply with restrictions. Conclusions: Daily uplifts and helpful aspects of everyday life centered around social relationships. During recommendations for social distancing, people find creative ways to maintain their social connections digitally and face-to-face. Social interaction, maintenance of everyday life routines, hobbies and physical activity appears important for wellbeing during pandemics.
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| 9. |
- Johannesson, Mikael, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Redovisning av regeringsuppdrag om mikroplast från vägtrafiken
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en redovisning av det regeringsuppdrag VTI fick i december 2017 om att ta fram och sprida kunskap om mikroplast från vägtrafiken och som löpte fram till den 1 juni 2021. Uppdraget omfattade en budget på totalt 20 Mkr. Anledningen till uppdraget var bl.a. att kunskapen om mikroplast från vägtrafiken är mycket begränsad samtidigt som däck- och vägslitagepartiklar från vägtrafiken är en stor källa. Uppdraget var ett led i regeringens arbete att nationellt och internationellt genomföra insatser för att minska problemen med plast i miljön. Rapporten är strukturerad utifrån den kunskap som specifikt efterfrågas i uppdraget, som t.ex. kunskap om hur partiklarna sprids och vad man kan göra åt det, samt vad regeringen önskar att VTI ska göra, som t.ex. skriva vetenskapliga artiklar, samverka med myndigheter och sprida kunskap.Denna rapport är en sammanfattning av de aktiviteter som genomförts och de resultat som kommit fram inom ramen för uppdraget. Kunskapen om mikroplast från däck- och vägslitagepartiklar har från en låg nivå ökat snabbt under senare år genom forskning som bedrivits inom och utanför regerings-uppdraget. Det gäller t.ex. kunskap om beredning och analys av prover, däckpartiklars fysiska och kemiska egenskaper, däck- och vägslitagepartiklars förekomst i väg- och gatumiljö, deras potentiella spridningsvägar, vilka potentiella styrmedel och åtgärder som finns.
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| 10. |
- Joshi, Peter K, et al.
(författare)
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Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 523:7561, s. 459-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
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