| 1. |
- Joshi, Peter K, et al.
(författare)
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Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 523:7561, s. 459-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
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| 2. |
- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(författare)
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Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
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| 3. |
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Advanced Information Systems Engineering : 27th International Conference, CAiSE 2015, Stockholm, Sweden, June 8-12, 2015, Proceedings
- 2015
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, CAiSE 2015, held in Stockholm, Sweden, in June 2015.The 31 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 236 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: social and collaborative computing; business process modeling and languages; high volume and complex information management; requirements elicitation and management; enterprise data management; model conceptualisation and evolution; process mining, monitoring and predicting; intra- and inter-organizational process engineering; process compliance and alignment; enterprise IT integration and management; and service science and computing. The book also contains the abstracts of 3 keynote speeches and 5 tutorials, presented at the conference.
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| 4. |
- Alwazae, Meshari, et al.
(författare)
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Applying a Template for Best Practice Documentation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0509. ; 72, s. 252-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge Management has become a key instrument for creating, identifying and sharing knowledge assets in organizations. Best Practice (BP) is a useful means for organizations to improve knowledge sharing. However, low quality of BP documentations can hinder a successful implementation of BPs, since practitioners may not be able to correctly and efficiently use them, or even trust them. In this paper, a BP Document Template (BPDT) for high quality documentation is presented. The final BPDT is a result of the combination of two templates, the first one created based on interviews with knowledge management experts and the second one based on a literature review using grounded theory. The final BPDT has been applied in three real-life organizations for demonstrating its benefits, drawbacks, completeness, ease of use, and whether it also supports both the design of BPs and the evaluation of already designed BPs. The demonstration showed promising results but also some drawbacks. The identified drawbacks can be used as input for future research.
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| 5. |
- Alwazae, Meshari M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a Classification System for Best Practices
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. - : IEEE. - 9781479973675 ; , s. 3702-3711
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The practical problem addressed in this paper is that it can be problematic to find appropriate best practices (BPs) in a large collection of BPs, covering many different domains, within an organizational database. Our goal was to propose a classification system of BP documentation to facilitate effective use and retrieval of BPs documents in such a large collection of BPs, independent of any domains. We have designed such a domain independent classification system and evaluated it with practitioners and academic experts. We found that all the BP characteristics and labeled values in the proposed classification system were recognized and applied by practitioners as well as academic experts. However, it turned out that some of the characteristics were particularly useful. These characteristics were: implementation area, level of formalization, completeness of description, Balanced Scorecard perspectives, and management process.
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| 6. |
- Alwazae, Meshari M, et al.
(författare)
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Template-driven Best Practice Documentation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Knowledge Management Research & Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-8238 .- 1477-8246. ; 18:3, s. 348-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge Management has become a key instrument for identifying, creating and sharing organizational knowledge assets. An attractive means for sharing knowledge is Best Practices (BPs), which are proven as well as efficient and effective solutions to recurring problems. BPs can offer significant benefits, including improved performance, reduced re-work and cost savings. However, the implementation of BPs raises several challenges, one of which is that the low quality of BP documentation can impede the use of BPs. One way to address this challenge is by supporting designers in structuring BP documents so that they become complete, uniform and easy-to-use. This support can take the form of a BP Document Template that prescribes the structure of BP documents by defining relevant attributes for describing BPs. This paper proposes a comprehensive and practical BP Document Template for supporting the creation, use and evaluation of BP documents. The design of this template is an example of design science research including requirements elicitation, artifact development, demonstration, and evaluation. The development is based on a combination of expert interviews and a literature study using Grounded Theory, while the demonstration applies the proposed template in three real-life cases, and the evaluation is based on expert interviews. The proposed BP Document Template consolidates, integrates and extends previous work on BP documentation. It thereby offers an effective tool for BP designers, managers, and users that can support them in the design, evaluation and application of BPs.
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| 7. |
- Alwazae, Meshari, 1981-
(författare)
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Template-driven Documentation of Best Practices
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Knowledge Management has become a key instrument for identifying, creating and sharing organizational knowledge assets. An attractive means for sharing knowledge is Best Practices (BPs), which are proven as well as efficient and effective solutions to recurring problems. BPs can offer significant benefits, including improved performance, reduced re-work and cost savings. However, it is challenging to share and use BP Documents (BPDs) in organizations, which is the overall problem addressed in this thesis. More precisely, the thesis focuses on two sub-problems: 1) The difficulty of finding and selecting appropriate BPs in large collections of BPs impedes the use of BPs, and 2) The low quality of BPDs impedes the use of BPs. Related to these problems, the thesis addresses two sub-goals. The first one is to design a BP Annotation Template for supporting the identification and selection of BPs in BP repositories. The template can be used for organizing and indexing the contents of BPDs independent of domain. The second sub-goal is to design a BP Document Template for supporting the creation, use and evaluation of BP documentation. The BP Document Template offers a structure for describing BPs in a detailed and systematic way. The research methodology applied is design science, which is the scientific study and creation of artifacts as they are developed and used by people with the goal of solving practical problems. The first artifact, the BP Annotation Template, has been designed and developed based on a literature study and evaluated using expert interviews. The second artifact, the BP Document Template, has been designed and developed based on a literature study using grounded theory as well as on interviews with KM experts. The BP Document Template has been evaluated using expert interviews and demonstrated by being applied in three real-life cases. By basing the two artifacts on literature studies, the two artifacts consolidate, integrate and extend previous work on BP documentation. The evaluations indicate that the BP Annotation Template provides a strong foundation for identifying and selecting BPs, independent of domain, and that the BP Document Template can support the structuring of BP documents so that they become complete, uniform and easy-to-use. An identified drawback of the two artifacts is the need for extensive resources for implementing and applying them since they may be complex and time-consuming to use. The artifacts are expected to support BP designers as well as BP managers and BP users.
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| 8. |
- Amon, B., et al.
(författare)
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From first-order logic to automated word generation for Lyee
- 2003
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Ingår i: Knowledge-Based Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-7051 .- 1872-7409. ; 16:07-8, s. 413-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A conceptual schema can be viewed as a language to describe the phenomena in a system to be modelled, i.e. a set of derivation rules and integrity constraints as well as a set of event-rules describing the behaviour of an object system. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the Lyee software requirements concepts with various constructs in conceptual modelling. Within our work we choose the Unified Modelling Language (UML) as a modelling notation for explaining conceptual models. The result obtained models a fully expressive set of UML and First Order Logic constructs mapped into Lyee concepts.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Birger, et al.
(författare)
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A declarative foundation of process models
- 2005
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Ingår i: ADVANCED INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 3540260951 ; , s. 233-247
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a declarative foundation for process models is proposed. Three issues in process management and modeling are identified: business orientation, traceability, and flexibility. It is shown how these issues can be addressed by basing process models on business models, where a business model focuses on the transfer of value between agents. As a bridge between business models and process models, the notion of activity dependency model is introduced, which identifies, classifies, and relates activities needed for executing and coordinating value transfers.
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