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- Villa, Luisa L., et al.
(författare)
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Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions
- 2007
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 356:19, s. 1915-1927
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus types 16 (HPV-16) and 18 (HPV-18) cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers worldwide. A phase 3 trial was conducted to evaluate a quadrivalent vaccine against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (HPV-6/11/16/18) for the prevention of high-grade cervical lesions associated with HPV-16 and HPV-18. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind trial, we assigned 12,167 women between the ages of 15 and 26 years to receive three doses of either HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine or placebo, administered at day 1, month 2, and month 6. The primary analysis was performed for a per-protocol susceptible population that included 5305 women in the vaccine group and 5260 in the placebo group who had no virologic evidence of infection with HPV-16 or HPV-18 through 1 month after the third dose (month 7). The primary composite end point was cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3, adenocarcinoma in situ, or cervical cancer related to HPV-16 or HPV-18. RESULTS: Subjects were followed for an average of 3 years after receiving the first dose of vaccine or placebo. Vaccine efficacy for the prevention of the primary composite end point was 98% (95.89% confidence interval [CI], 86 to 100) in the per-protocol susceptible population and 44% (95% CI, 26 to 58) in an intention-to-treat population of all women who had undergone randomization (those with or without previous infection). The estimated vaccine efficacy against all high-grade cervical lesions, regardless of causal HPV type, in this intention-to-treat population was 17% (95% CI, 1 to 31). CONCLUSIONS: In young women who had not been previously infected with HPV-16 or HPV-18, those in the vaccine group had a significantly lower occurrence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia related to HPV-16 or HPV-18 than did those in the placebo group.
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| 7. |
- Johannisson, Tove B, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing intelligibility by single words, sentences and spontaneous speech: a methodological study of the speech production of 10-year-olds.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Logopedics, phoniatrics, vocology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2022 .- 1401-5439. ; 39:4, s. 159-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different assessment methods on intelligibility scores and to examine the validity and reliability of those methods. Four assessment methods were used: multiple-choice and transcription of single words (read out), transcription of sentences (read out), and spontaneous speech. The results showed a statistically significant difference between outcomes for the different assessment methods. Reliability was high for all methods. Validity was low for all three reading-based methods. The method using transcription of spontaneous speech had low validity for the population included. It was concluded that reading is not a suitable elicitation technique for 10-year-olds and that the assessment procedure used for spontaneous speech needs to be further developed and investigated.
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- Johannisson, Tove B, et al.
(författare)
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The Communication Attitude Test (CAT-S): normative values for 220 Swedish children.
- 2009
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Ingår i: International journal of language & communication disorders / Royal College of Speech & Language Therapists. - : Wiley. - 1460-6984 .- 1368-2822. ; 44:6, s. 813-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The risk of developing a negative attitude to communication as a consequence of having a speech disorder has been in focus for decades in research concerning fluency disorders in relation to both children and adults. The Communication Attitude Test (CAT), which was created to measure children's attitudes towards their own communication, has been widely used. Research has shown that children who stutter have a significantly more negative attitude to their own communication than normal-speaking children and preliminary results show a similar picture in children with other types of speech disorders. However, the setting for obtaining data on normal-speaking children often differs from that on children with speech disorders. In order to make a significant interpretation of results from children with a speech disorder, comparable data on normal-speaking children are needed. Aims: The main purpose of this study was to obtain norm values for the Swedish version of the test (CAT-S) and examine possible differences related to age, sex or small town/big city. A second aim was to investigate some aspects of reliability, such as internal consistency, and validity in terms of item analysis as well as a qualitative analysis of the answers to the different items. In addition, group setting was compared with individual setting for the test procedure. Methods & Procedures: CAT-S was completed in a group setting by 220 normal-speaking children aged 7-15 years and by an additional group of 35 normal-speaking 10-year-old children who completed the test individually. Outcomes & Results: The 220 Swedish children had a mean score of 6.05 (a slightly higher mean score have been found in other countries, i.e. Belgium = 7.05 and USA = 8.24). The 7-year-olds had a significantly higher mean score than children at the other ages, except for the 15-year-olds. No other differences were found related to age, sex or size of community. The aspects of reliability and validity investigated for the CAT-S were satisfactory. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the groups of 10-year-olds objected to different test procedures. Conclusions & Implications: The norm values of CAT-S could be used for comparison of scores from Swedish children with speech disorders. The CAT-S is easy to administer and could be used either in a group setting for research purpose or individually at the clinic.
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| 10. |
- Lindholm Dahlstrand, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Gör inte forskare till företagare
- 2008
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Ingår i: Dagens Industri. - 0346-640X. ; :17 sep 2008
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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