| 1. |
- Ahrensbøll-Friis, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Allergic contact dermatitis from dyes used in the temple of spectacles
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 86:1, s. 25-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We observed an increasing number of patients who presented with facial or retro-auricular dermatitis after skin contact with plastic spectacles or plastic covered temples. Objectives: To identify the allergens in plastic spectacles that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Methods: All patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis to eyewear were tested with Solvent Orange 60 (SO60), four additionally with Solvent Yellow 14 (SY14), and five with scrapings from their own spectacles. In one case, a chemical analysis of the spectacles was performed to uncover the causative allergen. Results: Three patients were allergic to SO60, two patients to SY14, and two patients were allergic to both SO60 and SY14. Conclusion: Patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis from spectacles should be tested with SO60 and SY14, and based on findings from previous reports, also with Solvent Red 179.
|
|
| 2. |
- Balato, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
European Task Force on Contact Dermatitis statement on coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19) outbreak and the risk of adverse cutaneous reactions
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Wiley. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 34:8, s. 353-354
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among the basic protective measures against COVID-19, the need to wash hands frequently and in a prolonged way using soap, and to regularly use alcohol-based hand sanitizers is well established for the whole population. Healthcare workers in general, and particularly those involved in the direct care of COVID-19 patients, have to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) daily for many hours and also accomplish general preventive measurements outside their work. Cutaneous adverse reactions can develop that need to be prevented, identified and therapeutically managed. According to the data reported by Lin et al 1, based in the experience from healthcare workers in Wuhan, adverse skin reactions were reported in 74% of responders (n=376) to a general survey. The most commonly reported types of eruptions were skin dryness or desquamation (68.6%), papules or erythema (60.4%) and maceration (52,9%).
|
|
| 3. |
- Bruze, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Patch test concentrations (doses in mg/cm(2) ) for the 12 non-mix fragrance substances regulated by European legislation.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 66:3, s. 131-136
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. According to EU legislation, 26 fragrance substance allergens must be labelled on cosmetic products. For 12 of them, the optimal patch test concentration/dose has not been evaluated. Objectives. To establish the optimal patch test doses in mg/cm(2) for the 12 fragrance substances that are not included in fragrance mix I or II in the European baseline patch test series. Materials and Methods. Patch testing with the 12 fragrance substances was performed in a stepwise manner encompassing up to five rounds in at least 100 dermatitis patients for each round. Before patch testing, an individual maximum concentration/dose was determined for each fragrance substance. Results. The predetermined maximum patch test concentrations/doses could be tested for all 12 fragrance substances, with no observable adverse reactions being noted. Conclusions. For each fragrance substance investigated, it is recommended that half of the maximum patch test dose (mg/cm(2) ) be used for aimed and screening patch testing.
|
|
| 4. |
- Friis, Ulrik Fischer, et al.
(författare)
-
Hidden exposure to formaldehyde in a swab caused allergic contact dermatitis
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 70:4, s. 258-260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Octocrylene is an ultraviolet (UV)B and UVAII absorber that was introduced some 15 years ago, and is now widely used in sunscreen agents and skin care cosmetics. Since 2003, several studies, notably from France, Belgium, Spain, and Italy, have reported an increasing number of patients with photocontact allergy to octocrylene. This reaction is seen mainly in adult patients who have previously used topical products containing the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen. Photosensitization to ketoprofen leads, in many cases, to photocontact allergy to octocrylene; the mechanism of this reaction is unknown. Contact allergy to octocrylene also occurs, but is far less frequent, and is seen, in most cases, in children, resulting from the use of octocrylene-containing sunscreen products. In this article, (photo)contact allergy to octocrylene is fully reviewed.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ingre-Khans, Ellen, 1983-
(författare)
-
Transparency within REACH? : Regulatory risk assessment of industrial chemicals
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chemicals provide us with many benefits but can also have adverse effects on human health and the environment. Concerns that previous European legislations were not providing adequate protection from chemical risks resulted in a new chemicals legislation – REACH – in 2007. According to REACH, the chemical industry must ensure that risks from chemicals they produce or import at or above one tonne per year can be adequately controlled. Data on the chemicals’ properties and uses, hazards and risks as well as instructions for safely handling the chemicals, must be provided by industry to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) before the chemicals are allowed on the European market. The information is used by ECHA and the competent authorities of the Member States to identify chemicals of concern that warrant regulation. Thus, the registered data need to be reliable and relevant as well as transparently reported to ensure that chemicals of concern can be identified. The aim of this thesis was to provide insights into the risk assessments carried out by industry under REACH to contribute to a safer use of chemicals.The results in this thesis show that information that is used for concluding on hazards and risks of chemicals as well as industry’s conclusions are reported in a semi-transparent manner and therefore difficult for third parties to fully scrutinise and evaluate (paper I). This was in part due to the protection of confidential information as laid down by law but also related to ECHA’s procedures for making information available to the public as well as industry’s reporting. Furthermore, industry is only required under REACH to summarise (eco)toxicity studies that are gathered for the risk assessment. Consequently, data based on industry studies that are not publicly available cannot be scrutinised and independently assessed by third parties. Thus, the system relies on studies being accurately summarised by the registrant although this was not always seen to be the case (paper IV). Furthermore, the current framework for industry to evaluate (eco)toxicity studies and report data evaluations under REACH was found to be neither systematic nor transparent (paper II). Studies may not be evaluated based on their inherent scientific quality when the Klimisch method for evaluating data is used, which is the recommended data evaluation method under REACH. Using the Klimisch method may also result in giving less weight to non-standard studies, such as many academic research studies, than studies performed according to standardised test guidelines, although non-standard studies could contribute with important information to the risk assessment. The structure and transparency of data evaluations could be improved by using a framework that has clear criteria and guidance as well as a structured format for reporting data evaluations (paper III). This would support more harmonised and transparent data evaluations and encourage studies to be evaluated according to their inherent scientific quality rather than mere compliance with standardised test guidelines.The overall objective of this thesis is to contribute to the development of systematic and transparent risk assessments under REACH, which is critical for using chemicals safely.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Madsen, Jakob Torp, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethosome formulation of contact allergens may enhance patch test reactions in patients*
- 2010
-
Ingår i: CONTACT DERMATITIS. - 0105-1873. ; 63:4, s. 209-214
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ethosomes and liposomes are ultra-small vesicles capable of encapsulating drugs and cosmetic ingredients for topical use, thereby potentially increasing bioavailability and clinical efficacy. So far, few reports have suggested that formulation of cosmetic ingredients in vesicular carrier systems may increase the allergenicity potential. Objectives: To investigate the effect of ethosome formulation of isoeugenol and methyldibromo glutaronitrile on the elicitation response under patch test conditions and by repeated open applications. Patients/Materials/Methods: A total of 27 volunteer patients with a previous positive patch test reaction to either isoeugenol or methyldibromo glutaronitrile were included in the study. In all patients, a serial dilution patch test was performed with the allergen in question formulated in ethosomes and in an ethanol/water solution. In addition, a repeated open application test (ROAT) was performed in a subset of 16 patients, and lag time until a positive response was recorded. Results: Both contact allergens encapsulated in ethosomes showed significantly enhanced patch test reactions as compared with the allergen preparation in ethanol/water without ethosomes. No significant difference in the median lag time was recorded between preparations in the ROAT. Conclusions: Encapsulating potential contact allergens in ethosomes may increase the challenge response as compared with the same concentrations in an ethanol/water base without ethosomes. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
|
|
| 8. |
- Madsen, Jacob Torp, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethosome Formulations of Known Contact Allergens can Increase their Sensitizing Capacity
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555. ; 90:4, s. 374-378
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vesicular systems, such as liposomes and ethosomes, are used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products to encapsulate ingredients, to protect ingredients from degradation, to increase bioavailability, and to improve cosmetic performance. Some reports have suggested that formulation of cosmetic ingredients in vesicular carrier systems may increase their contact allergy elicitation potential in humans. However, no sensitization studies have been published. We formulated two model contact allergens (isoeugenol and dinitrochlorobenzene) in ethosomes and investigated the sensitization response using a modified local lymph node assay (LLNA). The results were compared with those for the same allergens in similar concentrations and vehicles without ethosomes. Both allergens encapsulated in 200–300 nm ethosomes showed increased sensitizing potency in the murine assay compared with the allergens in solution without ethosomes. Empty ethosomes were non-sensitizing according to LLNA. The clinical implications are so far uncertain, but increased allergenicity from ethosome-encapsulated topical product ingredients cannot be excluded.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Thyssen, Jacob Pontoppidan, et al.
(författare)
-
p-Phenylenediamine sensitization is more prevalent in central and southern European patch test centres than in Scandinavian: results from a multicentre study
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 60:6, s. 314-319
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Positive patch test reactions to p-phenylenediamine (PPD) are common. PPD is used in oxidative hair dyes and is also present in dark henna temporary 'tattoos'. Cross-sensitization to other contact allergens may occur. Because subjects sensitized to PPD are at risk of clinically severe reactions upon hair dyeing, there is a need for 'current' prevalence data on PPD sensitization. To compare PPD patch test results from dermatitis patients tested between 2003 and 2007 in 10 European patch test centres and to analyse the causes and determine relevance of positive PPD patch test reactions. Patch testing was performed using PPD (1% free base in petrolatum from Trolab (Almirall Hermal GmbH, Reinbeck, Germany) or Chemotechnique (Malmo, Sweden), equivalent to 0.090 mg/cm(2) in the TRUE (R) test from MEKOS Laboratories AS). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared test. The weighted average prevalence was 4.6% among 21 515 patients. PPD sensitization occurred more often in centres located in Central and Southern Europe than in Scandinavian centres (odds ratio = 2.40; 95% confidence interval = 2.07-2.78). The overall proportion of positive patch test reactions to PPD that were registered as being of either current or 'past' relevance was high (weighted average 53.6% and 20.3%, respectively). Consumer hair dyeing was the most prominent cause of PPD sensitization (weighted average 41.8%). Furthermore, occupational hair dye exposure (10.6%) and cross-sensitization to textile dyes (12.6%) were frequently reported. PPD sensitization caused by exposure to hair dyes is frequent and remains a present problem for patients visiting contact dermatitis clinics, especially in patch test centres located in Central and Southern Europe.
|
|
