| 1. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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| 2. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 3. |
- Bråve, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal immune status influences HIV-specific immune responses in pups after DNA prime protein boost using mucosal adjuvant
- 2008
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 26:47, s. 5957-5966
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was designed to determine the impact of maternal HIV-1 specific immunity on HIV-DNA immunization of 2 weeks old pups during the breast-feeding period. Adult female mice received intranasal or intradermal HIV DNA (gp160Env, p37Gag, Nef, Tat and Rev) prime and recombinant protein booster immunizations that induced mucosal and systemic HIV-1 specific B and T cell responses. Intranasal administration of the immunogens induced higher serum IgG titers to HIV antigens than the intradermal immunization. Furthermore, predominantly higher HIV-1 specific fecal IgA titers were obtained in nasally immunized mice. The capacity to respond to one single prime with DNA and one boost with recombinant protein was then compared in pups born to mothers displaying HIV-1-specific immune responses and in pups born to non-vaccinated mothers. Immune responses to the greatest number of antigens were detected in pups born to mothers having the highest HIV-1 specific immune responses. These data suggest that HIV-1 DNA-plasmid immunization during breast-feeding and recombinant protein boosting shortly thereafter enhances the breadth of the humoral HIV-1 specific immune responses.
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| 4. |
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Expanding the Space for Improvisation Pedagogy in Music : A Transdisciplinary Approach
- 2019
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expanding the Space for Improvisation Pedagogy in Music is a critical, research-based anthology exploring improvisation in music pedagogy. The book broadens the understanding of the potentials and possibilities for improvisation in a variety of music education contexts and stimulates the development of knowledge and reflection on improvisation.The book critically examines the challenges, cultural values, aims and methods involved in improvisation pedagogy. Written by international contributors representing a variety of musical genres and research methodologies, it takes a transdisciplinary approach and outlines a way ahead for improvisation pedagogy and research, by providing a space for the exchange of knowledge and critique. This book will be of great interest to scholars, researchers, and postgraduate students in the fields of arts education, music education, improvisation, music psychology, musicology, ethnomusicology, artistic research and community music. It will also appeal to music educators on all levels in the field of music education and music psychology.
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| 5. |
- Istrate, Claudia, 2000-, et al.
(författare)
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Parenteral administration of RF 8-2/6/7 rotavirus-like particles in a one-dose regimen induce protective immunity in mice
- 2008
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 26:35, s. 4594-4601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rotavirus virus-like particles (RV-VLPs) represent a novel strategy for development of a rotavirus subunit vaccine. In this study, RF 8-2/6/7-VLPs with rotavirus VP8 protein (amino acid 1-241 of VP4) fused to the amino terminal end of a truncated VP2, were evaluated for their immunogenic and protective properties. A single intramuscular dose of, either 2 or 20 μg, RF 8-2/6/7-VLPs alone or combined with a potent adjuvant poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)]phosphazene] (PCPP) induced rotavirus-specific serum IgG and IgA, fecal IgG titers that were enhanced 5-90-fold by adjuvant. Passive protective immunity was achieved in offspring to dams vaccinated with 2 and 20 μg RV-VLPs in presence of adjuvant and 20 μg RV-VLP without adjuvant. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Jacobs, Kevin B, et al.
(författare)
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Detectable clonal mosaicism and its relationship to aging and cancer.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - New York : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:6, s. 651-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an analysis of 31,717 cancer cases and 26,136 cancer-free controls from 13 genome-wide association studies, we observed large chromosomal abnormalities in a subset of clones in DNA obtained from blood or buccal samples. We observed mosaic abnormalities, either aneuploidy or copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity, of >2 Mb in size in autosomes of 517 individuals (0.89%), with abnormal cell proportions of between 7% and 95%. In cancer-free individuals, frequency increased with age, from 0.23% under 50 years to 1.91% between 75 and 79 years (P = 4.8 × 10(-8)). Mosaic abnormalities were more frequent in individuals with solid tumors (0.97% versus 0.74% in cancer-free individuals; odds ratio (OR) = 1.25; P = 0.016), with stronger association with cases who had DNA collected before diagnosis or treatment (OR = 1.45; P = 0.0005). Detectable mosaicism was also more common in individuals for whom DNA was collected at least 1 year before diagnosis with leukemia compared to cancer-free individuals (OR = 35.4; P = 3.8 × 10(-11)). These findings underscore the time-dependent nature of somatic events in the etiology of cancer and potentially other late-onset diseases.
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| 7. |
- Johansen, Guro Gravem, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Expanding the space for improvisation pedagogy in music : An introduction
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Expanding the Space for Improvisation Pedagogy in Music. - London : Routledge. - 9781351199957 - 9780367728403 - 9780815392101 ; , s. 1-14
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In music education contexts, improvisation is currently a rapidly evolving field across musical genres. Writing on improvisation has so far been largely concerned with justifying improvisation’s place in music education, by making visible its many practices in a broad range of music cultures and by highlighting its beneficial and positive dimensions. However, there are challenges and unexploited potentials within improvisation pedagogy, such as deficiency in teacher qualification, or tensions between contrasting pedagogical purposes, values, and ideologies. In this chapter, the authors problematise improvisation pedagogy and its legitimation, and present the scope of the book as a whole, through posing the questions: Who defines the artistic expectations of improvisation activities, who are the gatekeepers? How much freedom is involved? Who has creative agency – teacher or students? What professional ethical standards do teachers have? The various chapter contributions all relate to these issues from a wide array of contexts and research disciplines. The overall objective is to broaden the understanding of the potentials and possibilities for improvisation in a variety of music education contexts, and stimulate the development of knowledge and reflection on improvisation in music pedagogy.
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| 8. |
- Johansen, Guro Gravem, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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What have we learned about improvisation pedagogy?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Expanding the Space for Improvisation Pedagogy in Music. - London : Routledge. - 9781351199957 - 9780367728403 - 9780815392101 ; , s. 261-272
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In music education contexts, improvisation is currently a rapidly evolving field across musical genres. Writing on improvisation has so far been largely concerned with justifying improvisation’s place in music education, by making visible its many practices in a broad range of music cultures and by highlighting its beneficial and positive dimensions. However, there are challenges and unexploited potentials within improvisation pedagogy, such as deficiency in teacher qualification, or tensions between contrasting pedagogical purposes, values, and ideologies. In this chapter, the authors problematise improvisation pedagogy and its legitimation, and present the scope of the book as a whole, through posing the questions: Who defines the artistic expectations of improvisation activities, who are the gatekeepers? How much freedom is involved? Who has creative agency – teacher or students? What professional ethical standards do teachers have? The various chapter contributions all relate to these issues from a wide array of contexts and research disciplines. The overall objective is to broaden the understanding of the potentials and possibilities for improvisation in a variety of music education contexts, and stimulate the development of knowledge and reflection on improvisation in music pedagogy.
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| 9. |
- Johansen, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Estimates of Healthcare and Non-Healthcare Costs due to Severe Rotavirus Infections leading to Hospitalization in Swedish Children (<5 years)
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Estimates of economic benefit of rotavirus vaccination depend on the accuracy of calculated country-specific costs related to rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). Transmission of disease to family members adds to the economic burden through loss of caregiver productivity. The aim of this study was to assess costs related to severe RVGE.Material and methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in a large hospital in the Stockholm region, serving a population of 66,222 children < 5 years. RVGE related health care resource use and time off work were collected from a sample of families with hospitalised children due to community- and nosocomially-derived RVGE (n=153). Health care related costs were calculated using 2008 DRG reimbursement for acute diarrhoea and productivity loss using self reported absence combined with 2008 Swedish average cost for a working hour (€28) from SCB/Statistics Sweden.Results: Median age of hospitalised children was 15 months. For caregivers, average workday loss due to children's, siblings or own disease was 4.2 days and 1.2 days, respectively. Estimated average total cost per child was €3227, €1949 (60%) for health -care related costs, €1186 (37%) productivity loss and €92 (3%) due to other indirect costs.Conclusions: Economic burden of RVGE is primarily driven by costs related to in-patient care, sensitive to unit cost used. However, loss of productivity is also significant in spite of generous parental allowance in Sweden, 12-18 months per child. A limitation of this study is that productivity loss from care for non-hospitalized children and its household members was not assessed.
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| 10. |
- Johansen, Kari
(författare)
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Immune responses related to protection against rotavirus after natural infection and vaccination
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rotavirus is the most important cause of severe gastroenteritis in children under five years of age and is estimated to be responsible for one-third of all diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and 600,000 deaths/ year worldwide. 1500-1700 rotavirus-associated hospitalizations of children are estimated to occur annually in Sweden (3.7 hospitalization/ 1000 children/y). An effective rotavirus vaccine early in life would have a beneficial effect on child health. Oral vaccine candidates have provided good (63-89%) but not complete protection. The mechanisms and proteins involved in mediating protective immunity are still unresolved. The role of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in relation to protective immunity was evaluated. A method for purification of human IgA, utilizing the galactose-binding lectin jacalin from the jack-fruit Artrocarpus integrifolia, was used for determination of IgA antibody specificity for different rotavirus proteins and the role of IgA in the neutralization of rotavirus. In convalescent sera from children with an acute rotavirus infection, serum IgA antibodies were detected against VP2, VP4, VP6, VP7, NSP2, and/or NSP3. Serum IgA antibodies purified from rotavirus seropositive individuals were shown in vitro to neutralize unattached and attached rotavirus. A library of monoclonal secretory IgA antibodies directed against the neutralizing antigen, VP4 of rotavirus, were shown to protect mice against rotavirus induced diarrhea and neutralize rotavirus after transcytosis through epithelial cells. Rotavirus non-structural protein, NSP4, was recently suggested to function as a viral enterotoxin and to play a role in the induction of diarrhea. The ability of rotavirus NSP4 to induce a humoral and cell-mediated immune response was examined. NSP4 stimulated a cell-mediated immune response in naturally exposed adults, and a modest humoral immune response in naturally infected children, vaccinated children (oral RRV-TV), and naturally exposed adults. Since the oral rotavirus vaccine candidates provide good but not complete protection; the possibility of parenteral immunization with formalin inactivated rotavirus (I-RRV) was evaluated. I-RRV was administered three times intramuscularly to mice and induced a good IgG response, neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity. The two adjuvants tested with a similar immunization schedule, MPL® and monooleate/lauric acid, induced higher IgG antibodies, slightly higher neutralizing antibody titers and protective immunity. The last adjuvant tested, PCPP, induced ~10-fold higher IgG antibody titers and neutralizing antibody titers as well as induced protective immunity after two doses in a dose-dependent manner compared to inactivated virus alone.
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