| 1. |
- Johansson, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
-
Perceptions of Malawian Nurses about Nursing Interventions for Malnourished Children and Their Parents
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. - : Icddr:b. - 1606-0997 .- 2072-1315. ; 29:6, s. 612-618
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- in developing countries, malnutrition among children is a major public-health issue. The aim of the study was to describe perceptions of Malawian nurses about nursing interventions for malnourished children and their parents. A qualitative method was used. Data were collected and analyzed according to the phenomenographic research approach. Twelve interviews were performed with 12 nurses at a rural hospital in northern Malawi, Southeast Africa. Through the analysis, two major concepts, comprising four categories of description, emerged: managing malnutrition today and promotion of a favourable nutritional status. The categories of description involved identification and treatment of malnutrition, education during treatment, education during prevention, and assurance of food security. The participating nurses perceived education to be the most important intervention, incorporated in all areas of prevention and treatment of malnutrition. Identification and treatment of malnutrition, education during treatment, education to prevent malnutrition, and assurance of food security were regarded as the most important areas of intervention.
|
|
| 2. |
- Alehagen, Siw, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences of community health nurses regarding father participation in child health care
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Child Health Care. - London, UK : Sage Publications Ltd.. - 1367-4935 .- 1741-2889. ; 15:3, s. 153-162
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally child health care (CHC) has been an arena where mothers and nurses meet, but in recent years fathers are entering CHC with increasing frequency. The aim of this study was to describe nurses’ experiences of fathers’ participation in CHC. Nine Swedish nurses working in CHC were interviewed and asked to give a description of their experiences from meetings with fathers in CHC. Phenomenology according to Giorgi was used for the analysis and the essence of the findings was that father participation was seen from the perspective of mother participation and was constantly compared to mother participation in CHC. The essence is explicated in the following themes: participation through activities; equal participation although diverse; influence of structures in society; and strengthening participation. Clinical implications include the need for creating a separate identity in CHC for fathers and more communication directed at fathers.
|
|
| 3. |
- Alehagen, Siw, et al.
(författare)
-
Nurse-based antenatal and child health care in rural India, implementation and effects - an Indian-Swedish collaboration
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Rural and remote health. - 1445-6354. ; 12:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION:Improving maternal and child health care are two of the Millennium Development Goals of the World Health Organization. India is one of the countries worldwide most burdened by maternal and child deaths. The aim of the study was to describe how families participate in nurse-based antenatal and child health care, and the effect of this in relation to referrals to specialist care, institutional deliveries and mortality.METHODS:The intervention took place in a remote rural area in India and was influenced by Swedish nurse-based health care. A baseline survey was performed before the intervention commenced. The intervention included education program for staff members with a model called Training of Trainers and the establishment of clinics as both primary health centers and mobile clinics. Health records and manuals, and informational and educational materials were produced and the clinics were equipped with easily handled instruments. The study period was between 2006 and 2009. Data were collected from antenatal care and child healthcare records. The Chi-square test was used to analyze mortality differences between years. A focus group discussion and a content analysis were performed.RESULTS:Families' participation increased which led to more check-ups of pregnant women and small children. Antenatal visits before 16 weeks among pregnant women increased from 32 to 62% during the period. Women having at least three check-ups during pregnancy increased from 30 to 60%. Maternal mortality decreased from 478 to 121 per 100 000 live births. The total numbers of children examined in the project increased from approximately 6000 to 18 500 children. Infant mortality decreased from 80 to 43 per 1000 live births. Women and children referred to specialist care increased considerably and institutional deliveries increased from 47 to 74%.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that it is possible in a rural and remote area to influence peoples' awareness of the value of preventive health care. The results also indicate that this might decrease maternal and child mortality. The education led to a more patient-friendly encounter between health professionals and patients.
|
|
| 4. |
- Byström, IngMarie, et al.
(författare)
-
Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Celiac Disease: From the Perspectives of Children and Parents
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology Research and Practice. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-6121 .- 1687-630X. ; 2012
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. To examine how celiac children and adolescents on gluten-free diet valued their health-related quality of life, and if age and severity of the disease at onset affected the childrens self-valuation later in life. We also assessed the parents valuation of their childs quality of life. Methods. The DISABKIDS Chronic generic measure, short versions for both children and parents, was used on 160 families with celiac disease. A paediatric gastroenterologist classified manifestations of the disease at onset retrospectively. Results. Age or sex did not influence the outcome. Children diagnosed before the age of five scored higher than children diagnosed later. Children diagnosed more than eight years ago scored higher than more recently diagnosed children, and children who had the classical symptoms of the disease at onset scored higher than those who had atypical symptoms or were asymptomatic. The parents valuated their childrens quality of life as lower than the children did. Conclusion. Health-related quality of life in treated celiac children and adolescents was influenced by age at diagnosis, disease severity at onset, and years on gluten-free diet. The disagreement between child-parent valuations highlights the importance of letting the children themselves be heard about their perceived quality of life.
|
|
| 5. |
- Carlsson, Noomi
(författare)
-
A Zero-vision for Children’s Tobacco Smoke Exposure : Tobacco prevention in Child Health Care
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Adverse health effects in children caused by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are well known. Children are primarily exposed by their parents’ smoking in their homes. A comprehensive evidence base shows that parental smoking during pregnancy and ETS exposure in early childhood are associated with an increased risk for a range of adverse health problems. Child Health Care nurses, who meet nearly all families in Sweden with children aged 0-6 years, have thus an important role in tobacco preventive work in order to support parents in their ambitions to protect their children from ETS exposure.The overall aim of this thesis was to develop, test and evaluate a new model for tobacco preventive work in Child Health Care (CHC) with special focus on areas with a high prevalence of parental smoking. In a first step CHC nurses’ and parents’ views on tobacco preventive work were analysed in two studies based on questionnaires.The intervention was performed during the second step, based on the results from nurses’ and parents’ experience of the tobacco preventive work in CHC, and with methods from Quality Improvement. An “intervention bundle” was developed which included evidence based methods for prevention of ETS exposure, and four learning sessions for the nurses. The instrument “Smoking in Children’s Environment Test” (SiCET) included in the bundle was evaluated with focus group interviews with the CHC nurses who participated in the intervention. Two urine samples were analysed to measure cotinine levels in children which provide an estimate for ETS exposure. Parents’ answers from the SiCET questionnaire, measurements of cotinine, and data from the nurses’ log-books were used in the evaluation of the effects of the intervention. In areas with a high prevalence of parental smoking 22 nurses recruited 86 families of whom 72 took part for the entire one-year period of the intervention.The results showed that parents wanted to have information on the harmful effects tobacco smoke have on their children and how they can protect their children from ETS exposure. The nurses saw tobacco preventive work as important but they experienced difficulties to reach certain groups such as fathers, foreign-born parents, and those who are socio-economically disadvantaged. The SiCET instrument provided a basis for dialogue with parents. The main results from the intervention showed that ten parents (11%) quit smoking, thirty-two families (44%) decreased their cigarette consumption in the home, and fewer children were exposed to tobacco smoke. Consequently, more children showed levels of urinary cotinine less than 6 ng/ml (base-line n=43, follow up n=54; p=0.05). The total number of outdoor smokers did not change. Seven of the nurses (30%) had successful results in their areas with a decrease of smokers in families with a child of 8 months, from 20% in 2009 to 12% in 2011. The corresponding figures for the whole county as well as the country did not decrease during the same period.The sustainability of the intervention has to be followed and thus measures should be followed prospectively over time. The SiCET instrument was found useful and might be applicable in other arenas where children’s ETS exposure is discussed. The development of an instant cotinine test using dipsticks would make it possible to give parents immediate feedback on the effectiveness of taken protective actions. This could work as a pedagogic resource in the dialogue with parents.
|
|
| 6. |
- Carlsson, Noomi, et al.
(författare)
-
Adapting healthcare services to a more intense way of tobacco prevention in child health care: A comparison between active and passive spreading
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Healthcare Management. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 2047-9700 .- 2047-9719. ; 14:2, s. 491-498
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Child health care has an important role to help parents minimize childrens exposure to tobacco smoke. An instrument has together with other supporting routines for staff, been implemented in different ways. The aim was to compare the effectiveness of two implementation strategies, to analyze passive spreading to colleagues and the sustainability to the methods. All CHC nurses in two counties in South East of Sweden were sent a questionnaire about their tobacco preventive work among parents. Three groups of nurses were compared. One group had taken part in a pilot study comprising extensive support and lectures, one group got a lecture at one occasion and further support via mail, and one group got no support or lecture but heard about the project from colleagues. Included in the study was 63%. Nurses in the pilot study still used most of the strategies included. Few nurses who had participated in the less extensive implementation knew about or used the instrument. More nurses who had heard about the project from colleagues knew about and used the strategies. The results indicate that according to the implementation of new routines in health care, more comprehensive methods are needed to change working routines and get sustainable effect.
|
|
| 7. |
- Carlsson, Noomi, et al.
(författare)
-
Child health nurses' roles and attitudes in reducing children's tobacco smoke exposure
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 19:3-4, s. 507-516
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate and analyse the attitudes to tobacco prevention among child healthcare nurses, to study how tobacco preventive work is carried out at child healthcare centres today. To evaluate how the tobacco preventive work had changed in child health care since the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare's national evaluation in 1997.BACKGROUND: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has adverse health effects. Interventions aiming at minimising environmental tobacco smoke have been developed and implemented at child healthcare centres in Sweden but the long-term effects of the interventions have not been studied.DESIGN: Survey.METHODS: In 2004, a postal questionnaire was sent to all nurses (n = 196) working at 92 child healthcare centres in two counties in south-eastern Sweden. The questionnaire was based on questions used by the National Board of Health and Welfare in their national evaluation in 1997 and individual semi-structured interviews performed for this study.RESULTS: Almost all the nurses considered it very important to ask parents about their smoking habits (median 9.5, range 5.1-10.0). Collaboration with antenatal care had decreased since 1997. Nearly all the nurses mentioned difficulties in reaching fathers (70%), groups such as immigrant families (87%) and socially vulnerable families (94%) with the tobacco preventive programme. No nurses reported having special strategies to reach these groups.CONCLUSIONS: Improvement of methods for tobacco prevention at child healthcare centres is called for, especially for vulnerable groups in society. However, the positive attitude among nurses found in this study forms a promising basis for successful interventions.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study shows that launching national programmes for tobacco prevention is not sufficient to achieve sustainable work. Nurses working in child healthcare centres have an overall positive attitude to tobacco prevention but need continuous education and training in communication skills especially to reach social vulnerable groups. Regular feedback from systematic follow-ups might increase motivation for this work.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Carlsson, Noomi, et al.
(författare)
-
How to minimize children’s environmental tobacco smoke exposure : an intervention in a clinical setting in high risk areas
- 2013
-
Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - 1471-2431 .- 1471-2431. ; 13, s. 76-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Despite the low prevalence of daily smokers in Sweden, children are still being exposed to nvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS), primarily by their smoking parents. A prospective intervention study using ethods from Quality Improvement was performed in Child Health Care (CHC). The aim was to provide nurses with ew methods for motivating and supporting parents in their efforts to protect children from ETS exposure.Method:Collaborative learning was used to implement and test an intervention bundle. Twenty-two CHC nurses ecruited 86 families with small children which had at least one smoking parent. Using a bundle of interventions, urses met and had dialogues with the parents over a one-year period. A detailed questionnaire on cigarette onsumption and smoking policies in the home was answered by the parents at the beginning and at the end of he intervention, when children also took urine tests to determine cotinine levels.Results:Seventy-two families completed the study. Ten parents (11%) quit smoking. Thirty-two families (44%) ecreased their cigarette consumption. Forty-five families (63%) were outdoor smokers at follow up. The proportion f children with urinary cotinine values of >6 ng/ml had decreased.Conclusion:The intensified tobacco prevention in CHC improved smoking parents’ ability to protect their children rom ETS exposure.
|
|
| 10. |
- Carlsson, Noomi, et al.
(författare)
-
How to minimize children's environmental tobacco smoke exposure : an intervention in a clinical setting in high risk areas
- 2013
-
Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 13:76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite the low prevalence of daily smokers in Sweden, children are still being exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), primarily by their smoking parents. A prospective intervention study using methods from Quality Improvement was performed in Child Health Care (CHC). The aim was to provide nurses with new methods for motivating and supporting parents in their efforts to protect children from ETS exposure. METHOD: Collaborative learning was used to implement and test an intervention bundle. Twenty-two CHC nurses recruited 86 families with small children which had at least one smoking parent. Using a bundle of interventions, nurses met and had dialogues with the parents over a one-year period. A detailed questionnaire on cigarette consumption and smoking policies in the home was answered by the parents at the beginning and at the end of the intervention, when children also took urine tests to determine cotinine levels. RESULTS: Seventy-two families completed the study. Ten parents (11%) quit smoking. Thirty-two families (44%) decreased their cigarette consumption. Forty-five families (63%) were outdoor smokers at follow up. The proportion of children with urinary cotinine values of >6 ng/ml had decreased. CONCLUSION: The intensified tobacco prevention in CHC improved smoking parents' ability to protect their children from ETS exposure.
|
|
