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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Karin, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of rating communicative interaction: Effects on reliability and agreement
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders/Equinox. - : Equinox Publishing. - 2040-5111 .- 2040-512X. ; 5:2, s. 245-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Communication partner training can be effective in improving communication in aphasia. However, further research is needed on how to measure the outcome of such interventions. In this paper we discuss the phenomenon of reliability in assessments in relation to the results of analyses using a rating scale designed to measure the ability to support a person with aphasia in natural conversational interaction. The scale was used by four assessors to rate 45 video recordings. Calculations of reliability and agreement produced varying results but were mostly satisfactory. However, the results highlight how interaction between factors such as complexity of assessments; design of the rating scale; factors inherent in the individual assessor; and the statistical measures used to analyse the outcome may result in a conflict between aspects of validity and reliability. Interpretations of outcome obtained with rating scales thus need to be based on knowledge about factors influencing the results.
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| 3. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Kleimark, Jonatan, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanistic Investigation of Iron-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions
- 2009
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Ingår i: ChemCatChem. - : Wiley. - 1867-3880 .- 1867-3899. ; 1:1, s. 152-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanism of the iron-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl electrophiles with alkyl Grignard reagents is studied by a combination of GC monitoring, Hammett competition experiments, and DFT calculations. The reaction follows a pathway where an FeI complex, formed in situ, reacts in a rate-limiting oxidative addition with the aryl electrophile. A rapid thermoneutral transmetalation from a Grignard reagent occurs either before or after the oxidative addition, with little to differentiate between the two pathways. A reductive elimination of the resulting alkyl aryl FeIII complex closes the catalytic cycle. Iron in lower oxidation states can act as a competent precatalyst by oxidation into the FeI-FeIII cycle. FeII complexes can give FeI catalysts through reductive elimination of a bimetallic complex. Added ligands, dilution, and powerful aryl electrophiles all serve to increase the stability of the active catalyst, presumably by counteracting oligomerization of low-valent iron.
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| 5. |
- Ansell, Anna, 1983-
(författare)
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Identification of Tumor Cell- and Stroma Derived Biomarkers of Treatment Response in Head and Neck Cancer
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) poses a major health problem in the world with approximately 600 000 new cases yearly. Treatment resistance is a major problem within this patient group and despite advances in treatment strategies the overall survival rate has unfortunately not increased.One of the major components of the tumor microenvironment is the cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) which can modulate the treatment sensitivity, tumor growth, and the invasive potential of tumor cells.The aim of this thesis was to identify predictive markers for treatment response in HNSCC and to study the crosstalk between tumor cells and CAFs that may underlie treatment resistance.In paper I, we identified gene expression differences between one cisplatin sensitive cell line and two cisplatin resistant cell lines, by microarray analysis, and found that a high expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -7 was associated with resistance to cisplatin. In paper II, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ligands EGF, amphiregulin, and epiregulin were evaluated regarding their potential use as predictive biomarkers for cetuximab treatment response in tongue cancer cell lines and it was shown that EGF may serve as a marker for poor cetuximab response. In paper III and IV, we investigated the influence of CAFs on the proliferation, migration, gene expression, and cetuximab response of tumor cells. It was found that CAFs induced resistance to cetuximab in a MMP-dependent manner. In addition, a microarray analysis, comparing tumor cells co-cultured with CAFs and tumor cells cultured alone, revealed that CAFs induced multiple gene expression changes in tumor cells some of which are related to epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Some of these changes were found to be dependent on cell-cell contact.Taken together, we here suggest MMP-7 and EGF to be predictive markers of cisplatin and cetuximab response, respectively. We also show that CAFs protect HNSCC cells from cetuximab treatment; however, the factor responsible for the protective effect is yet to be discovered.
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| 6. |
- Antonsson, Malin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Narrative writing in patients with low-grade glioma - using keystroke logging to investigate differences in the writing process before and after tumour resection
- 2017
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Ingår i: Meaningful outcomes Nordic Aphasia Conference. Copenhagen, 15 -17 June 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the writing process, using a keystroke logging program, in narratives written by patients with LGG and to compare the patients’ writing processes and products three months after tumour resection with their pre-operative performance. Twenty consecutive patients scheduled for tumour resection at Sahlgrenska University Hospital wrote to a picture-elicited narrative before and at three months follow-up using the keystroke logging program, ScriptLog (Frid, J., Johansson, V., Johansson, R., Wengelin, Å., & Johansson, M., 2014). After surgery there was a significant decline in production rate, i.e. words produced per minute. An analysis of pause distribution in different micro contexts revealed a significant increase of pauses before initiating the typing of a word. The decline in production rate suggests an increase in cognitive effort in narrative writing for patients who have undergone surgical treatment for LGG. The analysis of pause distribution indicates lexical retrieval difficulties. Investigation of the writing process can give information about subtle changes in language and cognitive processing for patients undergoing tumour resection.
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| 7. |
- Antonsson, Malin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Writing fluency in patients with low-grade glioma before and after surgery
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. - : Wiley. - 1368-2822 .- 1460-6984. ; 53:3, s. 592-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. Background: Low-grade glioma (LGG) is a type of brain tumour often situated in or near areas involved in language, sensory or motor functions. Depending on localization and tumour characteristics, language or cognitive impairments due to tumour growth and/or surgical resection are obvious risks. One task that may be at risk is writing, both because it requires intact language and memory function and because it is a very complex and cognitively demanding task. The most commonly reported language deficit in LGG patients is oral lexical-retrieval difficulties, and poor lexical retrieval would be expected to affect writing fluency. Aims: To explore whether writing fluency is affected in LGG patients before and after surgery and whether it is related to performance on tasks of oral lexical retrieval. Methods & Procedures: Twenty consecutive patients with presumed LGG wrote a narrative and performed a copy task before undergoing surgery and at 3-month follow-up using keystroke-logging software. The same tasks were performed by a reference group (N = 31). The patients were also tested using the Boston Naming Test (BNT) and word-fluency tests before and after surgery. Writing fluency was compared between the patients and the reference group, and between the patients before and after surgery. Relationships between performance on tests of oral lexical retrieval and writing fluency were investigated both before and after surgery. Outcome & Results: Different aspects of writing fluency were affected in the LGG patients both before and after surgery. However, when controlling for the effect of typing speed, the LGG group differed significantly from the reference group only in the proportion of pauses within words. After surgery, a significant decline was seen in production rate and typing speed in the narrative task, and a significant increase was seen in pauses before words. Strong positive relationships were found between oral lexical retrieval and writing fluency both before and after surgery. Conclusions & Implications: Although aspects of writing fluency were affected both before and after surgery, the results indicate that typing speed is an important factor behind the pre-surgery differences. However, the decline in overall productivity and the increase in pauses before words after surgery could be related to a lexical deficit. This is supported by the finding that oral lexical-retrieval scores were strongly correlated with writing fluency. However, further exploration is needed to identify the language and cognitive abilities affecting writing processes in LGG patients.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Charlotte, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in writing ability over a three year period – a case study from a person with post-stroke aphasia
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association Conference, University of Malta..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Persons with post-stroke aphasia have reported improvement in writing ability many years after onset of illness (Kjellén, Laakso and Henriksson, 2017). Even though studies have shown an improvement of writing ability years post stroke (most often by using dictation tasks), no longitudinal studies have continuously investigated writing ability in text production. The aim of the study was to investigate writing ability over a two year period for a person with post-stroke aphasia. Method: A 63 year old right handed man with 25 years of formal education, suffered a left hemisphere cerebri media insult. He was diagnosed with Broca’s aphasia, apraxia of speech and experienced a considerable writing impairment. The participant enrolled in the study 8 months post stroke. He had mild chronic aphasia with pertaining writing difficulties. Over a two year period he was tested three times using dictation tasks, testing both spelling of real words and non-words and a reading task. He also wrote two narratives, one picture-elicited and one free narrative. The narrative texts were collected by means of keystroke logging, which enables analysis of the writing process as well as the final text. Results: Whereas results from dictation of real words showed the greatest improvement during the first year, results from non-word dictation and the reading test showed continued improvement. Analysis of the writing process gives evidence of clear improvement in all aspects of the writing process throughout the two year period. Most strikingly, the production rate (measured as number of written words per minute) were 4,5 times faster in the free narrative between the first and the last data collection. Conclusion: Results revealed that after an improvement of spelling to dictation plateaued, measures from the writing process showed an ongoing improvement of writing ability in text production. The results further emphasize the importance of investigating text production when measuring writing ability for persons with aphasia.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Charlotte, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Writing personal narratives with aphasia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Stem-, Spraak- en Taalpathologie. 16th International Science of Aphasia Conference. Sept. 17-22 2015, Aveiro, Portugal.. - 0924-7025. ; 20:1, s. 67-69
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aphasia is an acquired language disorder most often caused by stroke. It can entail difficulties finding words, formulating sentences and understanding spoken language. In most individuals with aphasia, the ability to read and write is affected. Given the increasing importance of reading and writing in modern society, both professionally and socially, this significantly reduces their quality of life and their participation in daily life. Most research into aphasia and writing has examined writing and spelling at word level only. To obtain a full picture of someone’s writing ability, not only the final text but also the process leading up to it must be studied. Keystroke-logging software allows text production to be studied as it unfolds in real time. This makes it possible to analyse writing behaviour based on, for example, patterns of pauses and revisions. The present study is part of a larger study to investigate aphasia and the writing process with a focus on syntax in written narratives. Methods Participants The participants were 18 adults (fourteen men and four women aged 53–92) with post-stroke aphasia, recruited through speech and language pathologists and local aphasia associations. Besides the presence of post-stroke aphasia, the criteria for inclusion were for the participants to be adults with Swedish as their first language. The exclusion criterion was a history of developmental reading and writing impairment or any other neurological disabilities that could affect participation in the study. There was also a reference group whose participants did not suffer from stroke or aphasia but were otherwise selected using the same inclusion and exclusion criteria as the participants in the aphasia group. The participants wrote their personal narratives on computers. Data were collected using the ScriptLog keystroke-logging software. The topic for the narrative was, ‘The last time I made someone happy’, which was written on the screen as memory support. There was no time limit for the writing task. A researcher was present during the writing but did not in any way elicit or influence the writing or typing. The subsequent analyses were based on the following parameters: total time on task; active writing time as a percentage of total time on task; number of pauses within words; number of words in the final text; and number of spelling mistakes. The results were compared with the (preliminary) results of the reference group. Results The analysis of 18 participants’ narratives showed that writing is a far more time-consuming task for the participants with aphasia than for those without. The participants with aphasia produced significantly shorter narratives but spent significantly more time on the task, meaning that their percentage of active writing time was significantly lower than that of the reference group. Further, the number of pauses within words was significantly higher for the participants with aphasia. Frequent pausing within words may indicate that a writer lacks automatised spelling ability. The writers with aphasia made few revisions, or none at all, and they made mainly local revisions (where the cursor is not moved across several words, sentences or paragraphs). The participants in the reference group, by contrast, made more revisions, and these were more likely to be long-distance ones. Finally, the narratives produced by the participants with aphasia contained few spelling mistakes. Discussion The results illustrate the difficulties faced by people with aphasia when writing narratives. To them, this is a time-consuming and effortful task. The narratives written by the participants with aphasia are conspicuously short compared with those of the reference group. The finding that the narratives produced by the people with aphasia generally have good spelling further emphasises the importance of examining the entire writing process rather than just the final text when it comes to people with aphasia. It should be added that a dictation task (which has been used in earlier research) does not seem to reveal the difficulties with functional writing that are apparent in a narrative task. Many of the participants commented themselves that spelling took so much effort that they tended to ‘lose track’ and found it difficult to complete the narrative task.
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| 10. |
- Kleimark, Jonatan, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Sterically Governed Selectivity in Palladium-Assisted Allylic Alkylation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Organometalics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). ; 30:2, s. 230-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The selectivity in the Pd-assisted allylic alkylation has been investigated in a system with a ligand tethered to the allylic moiety. Isolation of (η3-allyl)Pd complexes and stoichiometric reaction with malonate nucleophiles allowed separation of various factors influencing the regioselectivity in a system that cannot undergo apparent rotation. Unexpectedly, trans effects were found to have only a minor influence on the selectivity, whereas changing the tether length could shift the preference from favored internal to dominant terminal attack. DFT-assisted analysis revealed that the dominant selectivity-determining factors are the forced rotation of the allylic moiety and an important steric repulsion from a syn-alkyl substituent.
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