| 1. |
- Andersson, Camilla, 1979-
(författare)
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Air Pollution Dependency on Climate Variability and Source Region : Past, Current and Future Air Pollution Scenarios over Europe
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main objectives of this thesis were to investigate the dependency of European air pollution on climate variability and emission source region. Calculations with a chemistry transport model (CTM) were conducted to investigate the influence of climate variability. The CTM was forced by both simulated past (a re-analysis spanning 1958-2001) and future (a climate simulation spanning 1961-2100) meteorology keeping anthropogenic emissions constant. To investigate the influence of emission source region emissions were varied in western, eastern and northern Europe in seven-year (1997-2003) simulations. The main conclusions in this thesis are § There is variability in air pollution due to climate variability on time scales from year to year to decades and long-term trends. Hence, what is measured now will not be valid in a decade, or even next year. § Interannual variability in air pollution due to climate variability is greater than interannual variability in anthropogenic emissions. § The extreme conditions in 2003, resulting in elevated surface O3 concentrations, could be an indication on what we can expect in the future. § The trend in surface O3 over the past due to climate change is similar to the projected trend due to future climate change: increasing in south-western and central Europe and decreasing in north-eastern Europe. § Changes in isoprene emissions and dry deposition dependency on soil moisture are of importance for changes in surface O3 in central and southern Europe. It is vital to include these processes, especially the latter in climate change effect studies of surface O3. § This work indicates that it is of greater importance for health benefits of the European population to reduce primary PM emissions than precursors of secondary inorganic aerosol under the assumption of higher relative risk for primary PM. This is especially the case in western Europe.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Peter, Associate professor, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating advanced digital technologies in existing lean-based production systems : analysis of paradoxes, imbalances and management strategies
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Operations & Production Management. - : EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0144-3577 .- 1758-6593.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of paradoxes, underlying tensions and potential management strategies when integrating digital technologies into existing lean-based production systems (LPSs), with the aim of achieving synergies and fostering the development of production systems.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a collaborative management research (CMR) approach to identify patterns of organisational tensions and paradoxes and explore management strategies to overcome them. The data were collected through interviews and focus group interviews with experts on lean and/or digital technologies from the companies, from documents and from workshops with the in-case researchers.FindingsThe findings of this paper provide insights into the salient organisational paradoxes embraced in the integration of digital technologies in LPS by identifying different aspects of the performing, organising, learning and belonging paradoxes. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate the intricacies and relatedness between different paradoxes and their resolutions, and more specifically, how a resolution strategy adopted to manage one paradox might unintentionally generate new tensions. This, in turn, calls for either re-contextualising actions to counteract the drift or the adoption of new resolution strategies.Originality/valueThis paper adds perspective to operations management (OM) research through the use of paradox theory, and we (1) provide a fine-grained perspective on why integration sometimes "fails" and label the forces of internal drift as mechanisms of imbalances and (2) provide detailed insights into how different management and resolution strategies are adopted, especially by identifying re-contextualising actions as a key to rebalancing organisational paradoxes in favour of the integration of digital technologies in LPSs.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Kristina, 1976-
(författare)
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Hybrid Methods for Coreference Resolution in Swedish
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to improve coreference resolution in Swedish by providing a hybrid approach based on combining data-driven methods and linguistic knowledge. Coreference resolution here consists in identifying all expressions in a text that have the same referent, for example, a person or an object. The linguistic knowledge is based on Accessibility Theory (Ariel 1990). This is used for guiding the selection of likely anaphor-antecedent pairs from the set of all possible such pairs in a text. The data-driven method adopted is Memory-Based Learning (MBL), a supervised method based on the idea that learning means storing experiences in memory, and that new problems are solved by reusing solutions from similar experiences (Daelemans and Van den Bosch 2005). The referring expressions covered by the system are names, definite descriptions, and pronouns. In order to maximize performance, we use different classifiers with a specific set of linguistically motivated features for each type of expression. The great majority of features used for classification are domain- and language-independent. We demonstrate two ways of using this method of linguistically motivated selection of anaphor-antecedent pairs. First, the amount of training examples stored in memory is reduced. We find that for coreference resolution of definite descriptions and names, the amount of training data can thereby be reduced with only a minor loss in performance, but for pronoun resolution there is a negative effect. Second, selection can be used for improving on coreference resolution results. This is the first step in our hybrid approach to coreference resolution, where the second step is the application of an MBL classifier for determining coreference between the selected pairs. Results indicate that this hybrid approach is advantageous for coreference resolution of definite descriptions and names. For pronoun resolution, there is a negative effect on recall along with a positive effect on precision.
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| 4. |
- Asami-Johansson, Yukiko
(författare)
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Designing Mathematics Lessons Using Japanese Problem Solving Oriented Lesson Structure : A Swedish case study
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate thesis is concerned with applying the Japanese problem solving oriented (PSO) teaching approach to Swedish mathematics classrooms. The overall aim of my research project is to describe and investigate the viability of PSO as design tool for teaching mathematics. The PSO approach is a variation of a more general Japanese teaching paradigm referred to as “structured problem solving”. These teaching methods aim to stimulate the process of students’ mathematical thinking and have their focus on enhancing the students’ attitudes towards engaging in mathematical activities. The empirical data are collected using interviews, observations and video recordings over a period of nine months, following two Swedish lower secondary school classes. Chevallard’s anthropological framework is used to analyse which mathematical knowledge is exposed in the original Japanese lesson plans and in the lessons observed in the classrooms. In addition, Brousseau’s framework of learning mathematics is applied to analyse the perception of individual students and particular situations in the classroom.The results show that the PSO based lesson plans induce a complex body of mathematical knowledge, where different areas of mathematics are linked. It is found that the discrepancy between the Japanese and Swedish curriculum cause some limitations for the adaptation of the lesson plans, especially in the area of Geometry. Four distinct aspects of the PSO approach supporting the teaching of mathematics are presented.
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| 5. |
- Nyberg, Jan, 1960-
(författare)
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On implant integration in irradiated bone : clinical and experimental studies
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Radiation has an impact on the processes involved in bone- healing, regeneration and remodeling. The mechanisms that cause impaired bone healing of dental implants are not fully understood. Adjunctive treatments to revers radiation effects are limited. Dental implant surgery can be a risk in irradiated jaws and the risk for osteoradionecrosis is of concern. There is no consensus when to install implant after completed radiation therapy or what radiation dosage might cause impaired bone healing. The overall aim of the studies was to investigate bone tissue reactions adjacent to implants after irradiation.I. A clinically long-term follow-up study was performed to assess the outcome of 18 dental implants inserted in five patients with and without irradiated fibula-reconstructed mandibles. Bone tissue reactions adjacent to 14 micro-implants were histologically evaluated. In the clinical follow-up, 15 implants were in function, with an overall success rate of 83%. The histomorphometric analyses demonstrated an impaired osseointegration with reduced bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA), in irradiated sides.II. In an experimental animal study the aim was to find a critical level for a given single external radiation dosages causing impaired implant osseointegration. 9 rats received a single radiation dose of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy, respectively to one hind-leg while the other served as a control. Three days post radiation two implants were inserted in each hind-leg and after a period of 5 weeks the implants (n=36) were harvested for histological examination. BIC and BA were lower for irradiated samples for dosages of 20 Gy and higher.III. The aim was to investigate the effects of HBO on osseointegration of titanium implants in irradiated bone. 15 rats received an external single radiation dose of 20 Gy to one hind-leg. 3-days post-irradiation 2 implants were inserted in each hind-leg (n=60). The rats were divided in to 2 groups and one group received hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) 3 days post-implant insertion (n=8). After 5 weeks the distal implants were harvested for histological examination (n=30) and the proximal implants were used for removal torque tests (n=30). BIC obtained significant higher values for non-irradiated side, independent of HBO or not. BA obtained significant higher values for irradiated sides in the non-HBO group.IV. The aim was to investigate gene expression in irradiate bone after implant insertion for bone formation, resorption and remodelling. 8 rats, received a single radiation dose of 20 Gy to one hind-leg and two implants inserted in each hind-leg 8 weeks after completed radiation therapy. After 5 weeks bone samples with implants were collected for gene expression analysis. ALP, OC (formation) and RANKL/OPG (remodelling) were down regulated in irradiated samples.Conclusion: Bone-anchored dental bridges can be used in selected oro-mandibular reconstructed patients. Bone quality disturbances with impaired osseointegration for dosages of 20 Gy and more were demonstrated in an animal study model. HBO did not enhance osseointegration of implants placed in rat bone during a five-week follow-up period. Irradiation significant reduces bone formation and remodeling under influence of pro-inflammatory and growth factor cytokines
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| 6. |
- Nygren, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Dilemmas in service transformation : a service strategy implementation case
- 2018
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Ingår i: The 28th International RESER Conference – Services in the age of contested globalization RESER2018.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper study a service strategy implementation case using an inductive method to catch informant-centric perspectives and create theory-centric categories leading to the findings of three dilemmas: not really service but only services, waste of potential value and no one owns services. These dilemmas can be used in servitization implementation work from a practical viewpoint and can be of value for the discussion around service strategy implementation within an industrial organisation, working with software development apart from more traditional manufacturing.
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