| 1. |
- Rydberg Sterner, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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The Gothenburg H70 Birth cohort study 2014-16: design, methods and study population.
- 2019
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Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 34:2, s. 191-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve health care for older persons, we need to learn more about ageing, e.g. identify protective factors and early markers for diseases. The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (the H70 studies) are multidisciplinary epidemiological studies examining representative birth cohorts of older populations in Gothenburg, Sweden. So far, six birth cohorts of 70-year-olds have been examined over time, and examinations have been virtually identical between studies. This paper describes the study procedures for the baseline examination of the Birth cohort 1944, conducted in 2014-16. In this study, all men and women born 1944 on specific dates, and registered as residents in Gothenburg, were eligible for participation (n=1839). A total of 1203 (response rate 72.2%; 559 men and 644 women; mean age 70.5years) agreed to participate in the study. The study comprised sampling of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, psychiatric, cognitive, and physical health examinations, examinations of genetics and family history, use of medications, social factors, functional ability and disability, physical fitness and activity, body composition, lung function, audiological and ophthalmological examinations, diet, brain imaging, as well as a close informant interview, and qualitative studies. As in previous examinations, data collection serves as a basis for future longitudinal follow-up examinations. The research gained from the H70 studies has clinical relevance in relation to prevention, early diagnosis, clinical course, experience of illness, understanding pathogenesis and prognosis. Results will increase our understanding of ageing and inform service development, which may lead to enhanced quality of care for older persons.
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| 2. |
- Ahlner, Felicia, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of Alcohol Consumption and Associated Factors in a Population-Based Sample of 70-Year-Olds: Data from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study 2014-16
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 19:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Older adults of today consume more alcohol, yet knowledge about the factors associated with different consumption levels is limited in this age group. Based on the data from a population-based sample (n = 1156, 539 men and 617 women) in The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study 2014-16, we examined sociodemographic, social, and health-related factors associated with alcohol consumption levels in 70-year-olds, using logistic regression. Total weekly alcohol intake was calculated based on the self-reported amount of alcohol consumed. Alcohol consumption was categorized as lifetime abstention, former drinking, moderate consumption (<= 98 g/week), and at-risk consumption (>98 g/week). At-risk consumption was further categorized into lower at-risk (98-196 g/week), medium at-risk (196-350 g/week), and higher at-risk (>= 350 g/week). We found that among the 1156 participants, 3% were lifetime abstainers, 3% were former drinkers, 64% were moderate drinkers, and 30% were at-risk drinkers (20% lower, 8% medium, 2% higher). Among several factors, former drinking was associated with worse general self-rated health (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.08-2.51) and lower health-related quality of life (measured by physical component score) (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.97), higher illness burden (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07-1.27), and weaker grip strength (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98). Higher at-risk drinkers more often had liver disease (OR 11.41, 95% CI 3.48-37.37) and minor depression (OR 4.57, 95% CI 1.40-14.95), but less contacts with health care (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.11-0.92). Our findings demonstrate the importance of classifications beyond abstinence and at-risk consumption, with implications for both the prevention and clinical management of unhealthy consumption patterns in older adults.
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| 3. |
- Ahlner, Felicia, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of alcohol consumption on all-cause mortality in 70-year-olds in the context of other lifestyle risk factors: results from the Gothenburg H70 birth cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - 1471-2318. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIn this study, we examined the effect of alcohol, as well as the combined effect of seven lifestyle factors, on all-cause mortality in older adults (baseline age 70 years).MethodsData was derived from the population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort study, including 1124 participants from the 2014-16 examination. Risk consumption was defined as > 98 g alcohol per week, and hazardous drinking was based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption questionnaire (AUDIT-C). Cox regression models were used to examine the individual effect of alcohol consumption, as well as the combined effect of seven lifestyle risk factors (high alcohol consumption, lifetime smoking, unhealthy Body Mass Index, insufficient physical activity, sedentary behavior, insufficient/prolonged sleep, unhealthy dietary pattern) on all-cause mortality.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 7.7 years, 81 (7.2%) participants died. Neither risk consumption nor hazardous drinking were associated with elevated mortality, but hazardous drinking was associated with an increased risk of mortality in those with insufficient physical activity. Those with at least five lifestyle risk factors had an increased all-cause mortality compared to those fulfilling criteria for a maximum of one lifestyle risk factor. High alcohol consumption showed a relatively minor impact on this risk, while physical activity and unhealthy dietary pattern had an independent effect on mortality.ConclusionsIn this particular sample, there was no independent effect of alcohol on the risk of 8-year all-cause mortality. However, an interaction effect of physical activity was observed. It may be that high alcohol consumption per se is less important for mortality among older adults. However, a combination of several unhealthy lifestyle behaviors was linked to a substantial increase in the risk of mortality in Swedish older adults. Also, it has to be emphasized that high alcohol consumption may have other adverse health effects apart from mortality among older adults.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Marcus, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of molecular mobility of polymeric implants on soft tissue reactions: An in vivo study in rats
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. - : Wiley. - 1552-4965 .- 1549-3296. ; 84A:3, s. 652-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although numerous different polymers are used as implants or otherwise studied for many other biotechnical applications, there is a lack of basic models that correlate polymer characteristics with foreign body reactions. This study aims at developing one such model by systematically studying surface molecular mobility of polymeric implants in soft tissues in vivo. Changing the length of the alkyl side chain of poly(alkyl methacrylates) (PAMAs), provides an interesting opportunity to study the surface molecular mobility with minimal changes of the hydrophobicity of the surface. Thus, in this study three different PAMAs, with increasingly surface mobility; poly (isobutyl methacrylate) (PIBMA), poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA), and poly(lauryl methacralate) (PLMA) along with pure titanium (Ti) substrates were implanted in the dorsum of Sprague-Dawley rats. Inflammatory cell recruitment, cell adhesion, and cytokine release were studied after 1, 3, and 28 days of implantation. Total number of inflammatory cells in the exudate was measured but no correlation between surface mobility and cell recruitment where found. However, the number of surface associated cells where significantly lower on the surfaces with high molecular mobility (PLMA and PBMA). The histological evaluation performed after 28 days revealed thicker fibrous capsule and a higher number of blood vessels on the low molecular mobility surface (PIBMA). After 28 days the cell activity was higher on the high molecular mobility surfaces (PLMA and PBMA) compared with PIBMA, based on the cytokine release. None of the surfaces induced any significant cell-death. On the basis of the results of this study we conclude that there is a significant difference in biological response to surfaces with different in molecular mobility. This might affect the wound healing process and the biocompatibility of biomaterials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Received: 13 March 2006; Revised: 15 December 2006; Accepted: 29 January 2007 Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 10.1002/jbm.a.31389 About DOI
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| 6. |
- Gorski, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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1000 Genomes-based meta-analysis identifies 10 novel loci for kidney function.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HapMap imputed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed >50 loci at which common variants with minor allele frequency >5% are associated with kidney function. GWAS using more complete reference sets for imputation, such as those from The 1000 Genomes project, promise to identify novel loci that have been missed by previous efforts. To investigate the value of such a more complete variant catalog, we conducted a GWAS meta-analysis of kidney function based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in 110,517 European ancestry participants using 1000 Genomes imputed data. We identified 10 novel loci with p-value < 5 × 10(-8) previously missed by HapMap-based GWAS. Six of these loci (HOXD8, ARL15, PIK3R1, EYA4, ASTN2, and EPB41L3) are tagged by common SNPs unique to the 1000 Genomes reference panel. Using pathway analysis, we identified 39 significant (FDR < 0.05) genes and 127 significantly (FDR < 0.05) enriched gene sets, which were missed by our previous analyses. Among those, the 10 identified novel genes are part of pathways of kidney development, carbohydrate metabolism, cardiac septum development and glucose metabolism. These results highlight the utility of re-imputing from denser reference panels, until whole-genome sequencing becomes feasible in large samples.
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| 7. |
- Havstam Johansson, Lena, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Vision-related quality of life and visual function in a 70-year-old Swedish population
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 98:5, s. 521-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To investigate vision-related quality of life (VRQoL), visual function and predictors of poor vision in a population of 70-year-olds. Methods Self-reported ocular morbidity and responses to the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) in a cross-sectional population study (N = 1203) in Gothenburg, Sweden, were compared with results from ophthalmic examination (N = 560). Results The most common self-reported ophthalmic morbidities were cataract (23.4%), age-related macular degeneration (AMD; 4.7%), glaucoma (4.3%) and diabetic retinopathy (1.4%). Cataract was more prevalent in women (p = 0.001). The composite score from NEI VFQ-25 for the entire cohort was 91.4 (standard deviation: 27.5). When comparing composite score for different eye diseases, persons with cataract or AMD exhibited lower scores (p = 0.029 and 0.018, respectively). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was normal (>= 0.5 decimal) in 98.9%; two individuals had low vision (<0.3). Men exhibited better BCVA (median: -0.08 logMAR) than women (-0.06; p = 0.005). Visual field defects were observed in 16.3% and uncorrected refractive errors in 61.5%. Poor vision was reported by 7.4% of participants with presenting visual acuity (PVA) >= 0.5 (decimal), while 66.7% with PVA PVA <0.5, 55.6% obtained a BCVA of >= 1.0 with the right correction. Low contrast sensitivity was a significant predictor of experiencing poor vision (p = 0.008), while PVA and visual field defects were not. Conclusions Low contrast sensitivity is a predictor of experiencing poor vision. There is a discrepancy between subjective/objective visual function and a high prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors. Women have more cataract, and men demonstrate slightly better visual acuity.
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| 8. |
- Häggström, Margaretha, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Att undervisa i hållbar utveckling - Relationellt perspektiv
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur kan lärare arbeta med hållbar utveckling i en tid då globala kriser och klimatförändringar väcker både rädsla och oro? Och hur kan elever samtidigt känna hopp inför sin framtid och sitt vuxna liv? Dessa frågor är utgångspunkt för det utvecklings- och forskningsprojekt som utgör basen i denna bok. Du får följa med i berättelser som lärare och elever skapat tillsammans för att utveckla kunskap om social, ekologisk och ekonomisk hållbarhet. Boken redogör för de pedagogiska utgångspunkterna, men ger också rikligt med praktiska exempel på metoder och former för undervisning i och genom demokratiska och relationella förhållningssätt. Du får konkreta tips på hur du kan integrera hållbar utveckling i undervisningen. Såväl kritiska aspekter som lärdomar och möjligheter lyfts fram. I centrum står eleven och läraren utifrån det relationspedagogiska perspektivet. Att undervisa i hållbar utveckling: Relationellt perspektiv vänder sig till lärarstudenter och verksamma lärare i årskurs F-6. Bokens syfte är att inspirera, stödja och utgöra diskussionsunderlag i skolans arbete med miljöperspektivet och hållbar utveckling.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Peter, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Visselblåsarfunktioner i svenska offentliga organisationer: en nationell kartläggning och inventering av frågor och utmaningar
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Frågor om hur organisationer kan och bör hantera visselblåsning och visselblåsare har blivit ett allt vanligare inslag i svensk och internationell debatt om transparens, demokratisk insyn, ansvarsutkrävande och yttrandefrihet. En rad åtgärder har också vidtagits både på nationell nivå och inom EU för att öka skyddet för visselblåsare. EU:s så kallade Visselblåsardirektiv från 2019 ska implementeras i medlemsstaterna och med detta följer en rad utmaningar för både offentliga och privata organisationer, exempelvis när det gäller att utforma och implementera specifika visselblåsarfunktioner eller kanaler för visselblåsning. I denna rapport har vi kartlagt visselblåsarfunktioner i svenska kommuner och regioner inför implementeringen av visselblåsardirektivet. Kartläggningen sträcker sig till och med hösten 2020 och visar att endast en liten andel av dessa organisationer då hade infört visselblåsarfunktioner. Kartläggningen visar också att organisationer gjort olika val när det gäller utformningen av sina visselblåsarfunktioner, exempelvis när det gäller vem som kan använda dem, vad som kan anmälas, och hur anmälan, mottagande och utredning sker. Genom ett antal fallstudier kan vi också se att olika val och sätt att utforma visselblåsarfunktioner ger upphov till olika typer av utmaningar. Rapporten bidrar med en överblick över införandet av visselblåsarfunktioner i kommuner, regioner och i viss mån andra myndigheter. Vidare ger den en rad exempel på praktiska, organisatoriska och etiska frågeställningar för vidare diskussion inom olika organisationer.
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| 10. |
- Lindner, Claus, et al.
(författare)
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Diffuse Optical Characterization of the Healthy Human Thyroid Tissue and Two Pathological Case Studies.
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The in vivo optical and hemodynamic properties of the healthy (n = 22) and pathological (n = 2) human thyroid tissue were measured non-invasively using a custom time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) system. Medical ultrasound was used to guide the placement of the hand-held hybrid optical probe. TRS measured the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients (μa, μs') at three wavelengths (690, 785 and 830 nm) to derive total hemoglobin concentration (THC) and oxygen saturation (StO2). DCS measured the microvascular blood flow index (BFI). Their dependencies on physiological and clinical parameters and positions along the thyroid were investigated and compared to the surrounding sternocleidomastoid muscle. The THC in the thyroid ranged from 131.9 μM to 144.8 μM, showing a 25-44% increase compared to the surrounding sternocleidomastoid muscle tissue. The blood flow was significantly higher in the thyroid (BFIthyroid = 16.0 × 10-9 cm2/s) compared to the muscle (BFImuscle = 7.8 × 10-9 cm2/s), while StO2 showed a small (StO2, muscle = 63.8% to StO2, thyroid = 68.4%), yet significant difference. Two case studies with thyroid nodules underwent the same measurement protocol prior to thyroidectomy. Their THC and BFI reached values around 226.5 μM and 62.8 × 10-9 cm2/s respectively showing a clear contrast to the nodule-free thyroid tissue as well as the general population. The initial characterization of the healthy and pathologic human thyroid tissue lays the ground work for the future investigation on the use of diffuse optics in thyroid cancer screening.
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