| 1. |
- Johansson, Dongni, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Individualization of levodopa treatment using a microtablet dispenser and ambulatory accelerometry
- 2018
-
Ingår i: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 1755-5930 .- 1755-5949. ; 24:5, s. 439-447
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This 4-week open-label observational study describes the effect of introducing a microtablet dose dispenser and adjusting doses based on objective free-living motor symptom monitoring in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: Twenty-eight outpatients with PD on stable levodopa treatment with dose intervals of ≤4 hour had their daytime doses of levodopa replaced with levodopa/carbidopa microtablets, 5/1.25 mg (LC-5) delivered from a dose dispenser device with programmable reminders. After 2 weeks, doses were adjusted based on ambulatory accelerometry and clinical monitoring. Results: Twenty-four participants completed the study per protocol. The daily levodopa dose was increased by 15% (112 mg, P < 0.001) from period 1 to 2, and the dose interval was reduced by 12% (22 minutes, P = 0.003). The treatment adherence to LC-5 was high in both periods. The MDS-UPDRS parts II and III, disease-specific quality of life (PDQ-8), wearing-off symptoms (WOQ-19), and nonmotor symptoms (NMS Quest) improved after dose titration, but the generic quality-of-life measure EQ-5D-5L did not. Blinded expert evaluation of accelerometry results demonstrated improvement in 60% of subjects and worsening in 25%. Conclusions: The introduction of a levodopa microtablet dispenser and accelerometry aided dose adjustments improve PD symptoms and quality of life in the short term.
|
|
| 2. |
- Johansson, Fredrik, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Intent-aware temporal query modeling for keyword suggestion
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Proceedings. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450317191 ; , s. 83-86
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a data-driven approach for capturing the temporal variations in user search behaviour by modeling the dynamic query relationships using query-log data. The dependence between different queries (in terms of the query words and latent user intent) is represented using hypergraphs which allows us to explore more complex relationships compared to graph-based approaches. This timevarying dependence is modeled using the framework of probabilistic graphical models. The inferred interactions are used for query keyword suggestion - a key task in web information retrieval. Preliminary experiments using query logs collected from internal search engine of a large health care organization yield promising results. In particular, our model is able to capture temporal variations between queries relationships that reflect known trends in disease occurrence. Further, hypergraph-based modeling captures relationships significantly better compared to graph-based approaches.
|
|
| 3. |
- Kågebäck, Mikael, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Neural context embeddings for automatic discovery of word senses
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Vector Space Modeling for Natural Language Processing. Denver, United States. - 9781941643464 ; , s. 25-32
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Word sense induction (WSI) is the problem of automatically building an inventory of senses for a set of target words using only a text corpus. We introduce a new method for embedding word instances and their context, for use in WSI. The method, Instance-context embedding (ICE), leverages neural word embeddings, and the correlation statistics they capture, to compute high quality embeddings of word contexts. In WSI, these context embeddings are clustered to find the word senses present in the text. ICE is based on a novel method for combining word embeddings using continuous Skip-gram, based on both se- mantic and a temporal aspects of context words. ICE is evaluated both in a new system, and in an extension to a previous system for WSI. In both cases, we surpass previous state-of-the-art, on the WSI task of SemEval-2013, which highlights the generality of ICE. Our proposed system achieves a 33% relative improvement.
|
|
| 4. |
- Pettersson, Markus, 1997, et al.
(författare)
-
Time Series of Satellite Imagery Improve Deep Learning Estimates of Neighborhood-Level Poverty in Africa
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. - : IJCAI-INT JOINT CONF ARTIF INTELL. - 1045-0823. ; 2023-August, s. 6165-6173
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To combat poor health and living conditions, policymakers in Africa require temporally and geographically granular data measuring economic well-being. Machine learning (ML) offers a promising alternative to expensive and time-consuming survey measurements by training models to predict economic conditions from freely available satellite imagery. However, previous efforts have failed to utilize the temporal information available in earth observation (EO) data, which may capture developments important to standards of living. In this work, we develop an EO-ML method for inferring neighborhood-level material-asset wealth using multi-temporal imagery and recurrent convolutional neural networks.1 Our model outperforms state-of-the-art models in several aspects of generalization, explaining 72% of the variance in wealth across held-out countries and 75% held-out time spans. Using our geographically and temporally aware models, we created spatiotemporal material-asset data maps covering the entire continent of Africa from 1990 to 2019, making our data product the largest dataset of its kind. We showcase these results by analyzing which neighborhoods are likely to escape poverty by the year 2030, which is the deadline for when the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are evaluated.
|
|
| 5. |
- Sundin, Elin, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Singlet Fission and Electron Injection from the Triplet Excited State in Diphenylisobenzofuran-Semiconductor Assemblies: Effects of Solvent Polarity and Driving Force
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 124:38 Josef Michl Festschrift, s. 20794-20805
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Singlet fission has emerged as a promising way to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit in solar energy conversion devices, and a few studies have claimed proof-of-principle results using dye-sensitized photoelectrodes. However, a detailed understanding of what factors govern the fate of the excited state on mesoporous surfaces is still lacking. Here, we have studied how the excitation progresses into singlet fission, electron injection, or formation of molecular charge separated states in diphenylisobenzofuran derivatives with flexible carbon linkers attached to nanocrystalline mesoporous ZrO2, TiO2, and SnO2 thin films. We show that singlet fission occurs for the molecule attached to ZrO2 films when the assembly is immersed in nonpolar solvents, and that singlet fission is hampered by the formation of a molecular charge separated state in more polar solvents. On TiO2 surfaces, direct electron injection from the singlet excited state outcompetes the singlet fission. Instead, triplet formation occurs via charge recombination from the conduction band of TiO2 in nonpolar solvents. When the molecule is attached to SnO2 films, singlet fission partly outcompetes electron injection from the singlet excited state and the two processes occur in parallel. Subsequent to singlet fission on SnO2, triplet injection into the conduction band of SnO2 is observed. The results presented here provide a detailed picture of the singlet fission dynamics in molecules attached to mesoporous semiconductor surfaces, demonstrating that both the semiconductor substrate as well as the environment around the molecules have a large impact, which can be useful in the design of future devices.
|
|
| 6. |
- Tahmasebi, Nina, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
Visions and open challenges for a knowledge-based culturomics
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal on Digital Libraries. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-5012 .- 1432-1300. ; 15:2-4, s. 169-187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of culturomics was born out of the availability of massive amounts of textual data and the interest to make sense of cultural and language phenomena over time. Thus far however, culturomics has only made use of, and shown the great potential of, statistical methods. In this paper, we present a vision for a knowledge-based culturomics that complements traditional culturomics. We discuss the possibilities and challenges of combining knowledge-based methods with statistical methods and address major challenges that arise due to the nature of the data; diversity of sources, changes in language over time as well as temporal dynamics of information in general. We address all layers needed for knowledge-based culturomics, from natural language processing and relations to summaries and opinions.
|
|
| 7. |
- Alt Murphy, Margit, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
An upper body garment with integrated sensors for people with neurological disorders – early development and evaluation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: BMC Biomedical Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-4426. ; 1:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To develop a novel wearable garment with integrated sensors for continuous monitoring of physiological and movement related variables to evaluate progression, tailor treatments and improve diagnosis in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and stroke. Methods: An iterative development process and evaluation of an upper body garment with integrated sensors included: identification of user needs, specification of technical and garment requirements, garment development and production as well as evaluation of garment design, functionality and usability. The project is a multidisciplinary collaboration with experts from medical, engineering, textile, and material science within the wearITmed consortium. The work was organized in regular meetings, task groups and hands-on workshops. User needs were identified using results from a mixed-methods systematic review, a focus group study and expert groups. Usability was evaluated in 19 individuals (13 controls, 6 patients with Parkinson’s disease) using semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis. Results: A prototype designed to monitor movements and heart rate was developed. The garment was well accepted by the users regarding design and comfort, although the users were cautious about the technology and suggested improvements. All electronic components passed a washability test. The most robust data was obtained from accelerometer and gyroscope sensors while the electrodes for heart rate registration were sensitive to motion. artefacts. The algorithm development within the wearITmed consortium has shown promising results. Conclusions: The prototype was accepted by the users. Technical improvements are needed, but preliminary data indicate that the garment has potential to be used as a tool for diagnosis and treatment selection and could provide added value for monitoring seizures in epilepsy, fluctuations in PD and activity levels in stroke. Future work aims to improve the prototype further, develop algorithms, and evaluate the functionality and usability in targeted patient groups. The potential of incorporating blood pressure and heart-rate variability monitoring will also be explored.
|
|
| 8. |
- Breitholtz, Adam, 1994, et al.
(författare)
-
Practicality of generalization guarantees for unsupervised domain adaptation with neural networks
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Transactions on Machine Learning Research. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding generalization is crucial to confidently engineer and deploy machine learning models, especially when deployment implies a shift in the data domain. For such domain adaptation problems, we seek generalization bounds which are tractably computable and tight. If these desiderata can be reached, the bounds can serve as guarantees for adequate performance in deployment. However, in applications where deep neural networks are the models of choice, deriving results which fulfill these remains an unresolved challenge; most existing bounds are either vacuous or has non-estimable terms, even in favorable conditions. In this work, we evaluate existing bounds from the literature with potential to satisfy our desiderata on domain adaptation image classification tasks, where deep neural networks are preferred. We find that all bounds are vacuous and that sample generalization terms account for much of the observed looseness, especially when these terms interact with measures of domain shift. To overcome this and arrive at the tightest possible results, we combine each bound with recent data-dependent PAC-Bayes analysis, greatly improving the guarantees. We find that, when domain overlap can be assumed, a simple importance weighting extension of previous work provides the tightest estimable bound. Finally, we study which terms dominate the bounds and identify possible directions for further improvement.
|
|
| 9. |
- Bärring, Maja, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Factory Radio Design of a 5G Network in Offline Mode
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IEEE Access. - 2169-3536 .- 2169-3536. ; 9, s. 23095-23109
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The manufacturing industry is connecting people and equipment with new digital technologies, enabling a more continuous stream of data to represent processes. With more things connected, the interest in a connectivity solution that can support communication with high reliability and availability will increase. The fifth generation of telecommunication, i.e., 5G has promising features to deliver this, but the factory environment introduces new challenges to ensure reliable radio coverage. This will require efficient ways to plan the Factory Radio Design prior to installation. 3D laser scanning is used at an ever-increasing rate for capturing the spatial geometry in a virtual representation to perform layout planning of factories. This paper presents how to combine 3D laser scanning and physical optics (PO) for planning the Factory Radio Design of a cellular Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network (5G) in a virtual environment. 3D laser scanning is applied to obtain the spatial data of the factory and the virtual representation serves as the environment where PO computation techniques can be performed. The simulation result is validated in this paper by comparison to measurements of the installed network and empirical propagation models. The results of the study show promising opportunities to simulate the radio coverage in a virtual representation of a factory environment.
|
|
| 10. |
- Cancer, Matko, et al.
(författare)
-
BET and Aurora Kinase A inhibitors synergize against MYCN-positive human glioblastoma cells
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cell Death and Disease. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-4889. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Patients usually undergo surgery followed by aggressive radio- and chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ). Still, median survival is only 12-15 months after diagnosis. Many human cancers including GBMs demonstrate addiction to MYC transcription factor signaling and can become susceptible to inhibition of MYC downstream genes. JQ1 is an effective inhibitor of BET Bromodomains, a class of epigenetic readers regulating expression of downstream MYC targets. Here, we show that BET inhibition decreases viability of patient-derived GBM cell lines. We propose a distinct expression signature of MYCN-elevated GBM cells that correlates with significant sensitivity to BET inhibition. In tumors showing JQ1 sensitivity, we found enrichment of pathways regulating cell cycle, DNA damage response and repair. As DNA repair leads to acquired chemoresistance to TMZ, JQ1 treatment in combination with TMZ synergistically inhibited proliferation of MYCN-elevated cells. Bioinformatic analyses further showed that the expression of MYCN correlates with Aurora Kinase A levels and Aurora Kinase inhibitors indeed showed synergistic efficacy in combination with BET inhibition. Collectively, our data suggest that BET inhibitors could potentiate the efficacy of either TMZ or Aurora Kinase inhibitors in GBM treatment.
|
|
