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- Ahlberg, Joakim, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Etablering av konkurrerande snabbtågstrafik på Västra stambanan : översyn ur marknadens synvinkel
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Från oktober 2010 gäller fri konkurrens vad gäller all trafik på järnväg. VTI har intervjuat de tre största operatörer på Västra stambanan för att se hur de upplevde kapacitetsprocessen som ledde fram till tågplanen för 2014 och för att få deras syn på eventuella etableringshinder som kan föreligga på järnvägsmarknaden. Kapaciteten i det svenska järnvägsnätet är per definition begränsad och det finns bara möjlighet att rymma ett visst antal tåg i systemet. Trafikverket fördelar kapaciteten på spåren mellan operatörer som ansöker om tåglägen i en årlig administrativ tilldelningsprocess. I kapacitetstilldelningsprocessen för tågplan 2014 lämnade fyra operatörer in ansökningar om långväga snabbtågstrafik på sträckan Göteborg–Stockholm. I och med att operatörerna i flera fall ansökte om samma tåglägen sattes Trafikverkets tillämpning av samråd, samordning och prioriteringskriterier på prov för första gången sedan marknadsöppningen. De operatörer som utmanar SJ och som vi intervjuat upplever inte att dagens kapacitets-tilldelningsprocess lever upp till kravet på konkurrensneutralitet och icke-diskriminering. Båda ser behov av en mer transparent process, med prioriteringskriterier som ger ett mer förutsägbart utfall och som i större utsträckning tar datoriserade verktyg till hjälp så att den på så sätt både kan genomföras effektivare och ge ett mer effektivt utfall. Alla operatörernas kommentarer av förfarandet visar också att processen med kapacitetstilldelning innehåller ett stort mått av så kallad frivillig samordning för att lösa konflikter kring tåglägen som flera operatörer söker. Detta innebar att operatörerna under slutet av sommaren 2013 sinsemellan samordnade sina önskemål och på så sätt kom överens om vem som fick vilka tåglägen.
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- Björn, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and safety profile of the novel antimicrobial peptide PXL150 in a mouse model of infected burn wounds
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-8579 .- 1872-7913. ; 45:5, s. 519-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial therapies has stimulated interest in antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic candidates for the treatment of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-infectious effect of the synthetic antimicrobial peptide PXL150, formulated in hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) gel, on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in an in vivo mouse model of infected burn wounds as well as to assess the in vivo safety profile of PXL150 in rats and rabbits. Minimal microbicidal concentration analysis showed prominent efficacy of PXL150 against P. aeruginosa in vitro, which was further enhanced in formulating the peptide in HPC gel. Application of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/g PXL150 in HPC gel twice daily for four consecutive days significantly reduced bacterial counts in the burn wounds compared with non-treated or placebo-treated controls. Continuous bioluminescence measurements of the bacteria revealed a pronounced anti-infective effect already at the first day post infection by PXL150 in concentrations of >= 2.5 mg/g. In the non-clinical safety studies, PXL150 showed a favourable safety profile following repeated administration systemically and locally in rats and rabbits, respectively. In conclusion, these data support that PXL150 has the potential to be an effective and safe drug candidate for the treatment of infected burn wounds. The findings encourage the progression of PXL150 as a novel topical treatment of microbial infections.
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- Boge, Lukas, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Cubosomes for topical delivery of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3441 .- 0939-6411. ; 134, s. 60-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the use of cubosomes for topical delivery of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) LL-37 was investigated. Topical delivery of AMPs is of great interest for treatment of skin infections caused by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. AMP containing cubosomes were produced by three different preparation protocols and compared: (i) pre-loading, where LL-37 was incorporated into a liquid crystalline gel, which thereafter was dispersed into nanoparticles, (ii) post-loading, where LL-37 was let to adsorb onto pre-formed cubosomes, and (iii) hydrotrope-loading, where LL-37 was incorporated during the spontaneously formed cubosomes in an ethanol/glycerol monooleate mixture. Particle size and size distribution were analyzed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), liquid crystalline structure by small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and release of LL-37 by a fluorescamine assay. Proteolytic protection of LL-37 as well as bactericidal effect after enzyme exposure was investigated. The skin irritation potential of cubosomes was examined by an in vitro epidermis model. Finally, the bacterial killing property of the cubosomes was examined by an ex vivo pig skin wound infection model with Staphylococcus aureus. Data showed that a high loading of LL-37 induced formation of vesicles in case of cubosomes prepared by sonication (pre-loading). No release of LL-37 was observed from the cubosomes, indicating strong association of the peptide to the particles. Proteolysis studies showed that LL-37 was fully protected against enzymatic attacks while associated with the cubosomes, also denoting strong association of the peptide to the particles. As a consequence, bactericidal effect after enzyme exposure remained, compared to pure LL-37 which was subjected to proteolysis. No skin irritation potential of the cubosomes was found, thus enabling for topical administration. The ex vivo wound infection model showed that LL-37 in pre-loaded cubosomes killed bacteria most efficient.
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- Darvishpour, Mehrdad, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Securitisation of the Swedish migration policy and the situation for unaccompanied children
- 2023. - 1
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Ingår i: Crisis and the Culture of Fear and Anxiety in Contemporary Europe. - New York : Taylor & Francis Group. - 9781000916836 - 9781032268606 ; , s. 103-118
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden has been recognised as one of the most generous countries in terms of the governance of migration and asylum. The 2015 “refugee crisis” placed the Swedish migration and asylum system under extreme pressure when more than 163,000 refugees arrived in 2015. Like other EU members, Swedish migration policies have become gradually more restrictive, legitimised by the discourse of securitisation, whereby migration is addressed as a threat. By taking “securitisation” as a conceptual point of departure, the aim of this chapter is to analyse the official statements and non-official motives behind the securitisation turn of Sweden’s post-2015 migration policy and relate them to the vulnerable situation unaccompanied immigrants experienced when they came to Sweden in 2015 as refugees and asylum seekers. However, even if some of the interviewees had experienced racism and other negative attitudes and felt ill at ease waiting for their residency permit, unaccompanied immigrants are not necessarily vulnerable victims without the capacity and will to learn a new language, educate themselves and find a job.
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- Forsemalm, Joakim, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-based urban development: beyond the urban anecdotes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dilemmas of Sustainable Urban Development. A View From Practice.. - 9780367266608 ; , s. 147-159
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The communicative turn in planning puts people in the center of the planning process. An evidence-based turn, as suggested in this chapter, instead puts knowledge, in its widest possible meaning, at the core of urban development. With such a turn, we want to call attention to how professional training and organizational learning emerge as key factors for sustainable urban development become increasingly complex. A practical framework for sorting out and focusing on the right issues at the right moment in planning and development is suggested that opens up a structured reflection and an increased possibility to close issues when the right amount of information is available.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Håkan, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Campylobacter spp. isolated from wild birds in the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A lack of knowledge of naturally occurring pathogens is limiting our ability to use the Antarctic to study the impact human-mediated introduction of infectious microorganisms have on this relatively uncontaminated environment. As no large-scale coordinated effort to remedy this lack of knowledge has taken place, we rely on smaller targeted efforts to both study present microorganisms and monitor the environment for introductions. In one such effort, we isolated Campylobacter species from fecal samples collected from wild birds in the Antarctic Peninsula and the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia. Indeed, in South Georgia, we found Campylobacter lari and the closely related Campylobacter peloridis, but also distantly related human-associated multilocus sequence types of Campylobacter jejuni. In contrast, in the Antarctic Peninsula, we found C. tart and two closely related species, Campylobacter subantarcticus and Campylobacter volucris, but no signs of human introduction. In fact, our finding of human-associated sequence types of C. jejuni in South Georgia, but not in the Antarctic Peninsula, suggests that efforts to limit the spread of infectious microorganisms to the Antarctic have so far been successful in preventing the introduction of C. jejuni. However, we do not know how it came to South Georgia and whether the same mode of introduction could spread it from there to the Antarctic Peninsula.
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