| 1. |
- Bucin, Dragan, et al.
(författare)
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Heart transplantation across the antibodies against HLA and ABO
- 2006
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Ingår i: Transplant International. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1432-2277 .- 0934-0874. ; 19:3, s. 239-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have intentionally performed heart transplantation in a 5-year-old child, despite the most unfavourable risk factors for patient survival; the presence of high level of antibodies against donor's human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I/II and blood group antigens. Pretransplant treatment by mycophenolate mofetil, prednisolone, tacrolimus, intravenous immunoglobulin, rituximab, protein-A immunoadsorption (IA) and plasma exchange reduced antibody titres against the donor's lymphocytes from 128 to 16 and against the donor's blood group antigen from 256 to 0. The patient was urgently transplanted with a heart from an ABO incompatible donor (A(1) to O). A standard triple-drug immunosuppressive protocol was used. No hyperacute rejection was seen. Antibodies against the donor's HLA antigens remained at a low level despite three acute rejections. Rising anti-A(1) blood group antibodies preceded the second rejection and were reduced by two blood group-specific IAs and remained at a low level. The patient is doing well despite the persistence of donor-reactive antibodies.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Extruded polymer films for optimal enzyme-catalyzed oxygen scavenging
- 2014
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Science. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0009-2509 .- 1873-4405. ; 108, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of enzymes as oxygen scavengers has a great potential in the food packaging industry. Enzymes can be incorporated into a coating layer that can be applied directly onto the packaging material. For the system to be fully functional, there is however a need for the packaging to have some barrier properties, to be sealable through heat, and to ensure low or no migration of the active coating to the food. Various combinations of the polypropylene (PP), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) were extruded onto board coated with the oxygen-scavenging enzyme. Properties such as oxygen-transmission rate, water-vapor transmission rate, heat-sealability, migration and oxygen scavenging capacity were evaluated. All combinations of extruded material resulted in a packaging material able to scavenge the oxygen at both 84% and 100% relative humidity. The greatest decrease in oxygen concentration of the head space of air-tight chambers was achieved with the material extruded with PLA on at least one side. It was found that the extruded plastic is necessary in order to meet the EU directives on migration from food packaging materials of not more than a total of 10 mg/dm2 material. All plastics were heat sealable against themselves but not against any of the other plastics and only LDPE adhered strongly to the enzyme-containing coating
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Kristin, 1983-
(författare)
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Oxygen-reducing enzymes in coatings and films for active packaging
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Oxygen scavengers are used in active packages to protect the food against deteriorative oxidation processes. The aim of this work was to investigate the possibilities to produce oxygen-scavenging packaging materials based on oxygen-reducing enzymes. The enzymes were incorporated into a dispersion coating formulation applied onto a food-packaging board using conventional laboratory coating techniques.Various enzymes were used: a glucose oxidase, an oxalate oxidase and three laccases originating from different organisms. All of the enzymes were successfully incorporated into a coating layer and could be reactivated after drying. For at least two of the enzymes, re-activation was possible not only by using liquid water but also by using water vapour. Re-activation of the glucose oxidase and a laccase required relative humidities of greater than 75% and greater than 92%, respectively.Catalytic reduction of oxygen gas by glucose oxidase was promoted by creating an open structure through addition of clay to the coating at a level above the critical pigment volume concentration. Migration of the enzyme and the substrate was reduced by adding an extrusion-coated liner of polypropylene on top of the coating.For the laccase-catalysed reduction of oxygen it was possible to use lignin derivatives as substrates for the enzymatic reaction. The laccase-catalysed reaction created a polymeric network by cross-linking of lignin-based entities, which resulted in increased stiffness and increased water-resistance of biopolymer films. The laccases were also investigated with regard to their potential to function as oxygen scavengers at low temperatures. At 7°C all three laccases retained more than 20% of the activity they had at room temperature (25°C), which suggests that the system is also useful for packaging of refrigerated food.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Kristin, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Oxygen-scavenging coatings and films based on lignosulfonates and laccase
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 161:1, s. 14-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laccase and lignosulfonates were included in coating colors and embedded in latex-based or starch-based films and coatings on foil or board. After 6 days at 23C and 100% relative humidity, the oxygen content in airtight chambers decreased from 1.0% (synthetic gas consisting of 99% N2 and 1% O2) to 0.3% in the presence of board coated with lignosulfonate and laccase, while the oxygen content remained unchanged in control experiments without enzyme. The water stability of lignosulfonate-containing latex-based coatings and starch-based films was improved after laccase-catalyzed oxidation of lignosulfonates, which indicates polymerization to products with lower solubility in water. Furthermore, the E' modulus of starch-based films increased with 30%, which indicates laccase-catalyzed polymerization of lignosulfonates resulting in increased stiffness of the film. The results suggest that laccases and lignosulfonates can be used as an oxygen-scavenging system in active packaging and that enzyme-catalyzed polymerization of lignosulfonates contributes to improved water stability and mechanical properties. 2012 Elsevier B.V.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of coating structure and water-holding capacity on the oxygen-scavenging ability of enzymes embedded in the coating layer
- 2013
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Ingår i: TAPPI Journal. - : TAPPI Press. - 0734-1415. ; 12:6, s. 43-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enzymes catalyzing oxygen scavenging were embedded in latex-based coatings with and without barrier kaolin clay to produce material for active packages. The clay was used to create a porous structure, and the closed-structure matrix consisted of a biopolymer comprising either starch or gelatin to increase the water uptake of the coating. The effects of the porous open structure and of the water uptake of the coated layer on the oxygen-scavenging ability of the embedded enzymes were examined at both 75% and 100% relative humidity. The results showed that the porous clay structure led to higher oxygen-scavenging capacity than that of a closed structure at both test conditions by enabling a high diffusion rate for oxygen and glucose to the active sites of the enzymes. The addition of a water-holding biopolymer did not always significantly affect the oxygen-scavenging capacity. However for a less-porous layer at 100% relative humidity, an increase in the amount of biopolymer resulted in an increase in oxygen-scavenging capacity. The results were treated statistically using multiple-factor analysis where the most important factor for the oxygen-scavenging ability was found to be the addition of clay. The coatings were also characterized with respect to water vapor uptake, overall migration, porosity, and scanning electron microscopy images.
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| 6. |
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Academic Language in a Nordic Setting - Linguistic and Educational Perspectives
- 2017
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2013, a Scandinavian research network, “Language Use in Nordic Academic Settings” (LUNAS) was formed. The network, which was funded by Nordplus, unites researchers from Denmark, Norway and Sweden working in the fields of lexicography, computational linguistics, second language acquisition, and di-dactics in second language teaching. The main purpose of the network has been to share information and experiences on academic language use in the Scandi-navian countries in educational settings and in research, but of equal im-portance is to identify common issues and interests within the field and to ben-efit from joint efforts in language resource development and research. In May 2016, the LUNAS network organized a large international conference at the University of Copenhagen on academic language use and academic literacies from a multilingual perspective in Nordic educational contexts. The articles presented in this volume show some of the results of the cooperation within the LUNAS network since 2013, but also present research from invited guests and other researchers interested in these topics.
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| 7. |
- Adaldo, Antonio, 1989-
(författare)
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Event-triggered control of multi-agent systems: pinning control, cloud coordination, and sensor coverage
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A multi-agent system is composed of interconnected subsystems, or agents. In control of multi-agent systems, the aim is to obtain a coordinated behavior of the overall system through local interactions among the agents. Communication among the agents often occurs over a wireless medium with finite capacity. In this thesis, we investigate multiagent control systems where inter-agent communication is modelled by discrete events triggered by state conditions.In the first part, we consider event-triggered pinning control for a network of agents with nonlinear dynamics and time-varying topologies. Pinning control is a strategy to steer the behavior of a multi-agent system in a desired manner by controlling only a small fraction of the agents. We express the controllability of the network in terms of an average value of the network connectivity over time, and we show that all the agents can be driven to a desired reference trajectory.In the second part, we propose a control algorithm for multi-agent systems where inter-agent communication is substituted with a shared remote repository hosted on a cloud. Communication between each agent and the cloud is modelled as a sequence of events scheduled recursively by the agent. We quantify the connectivity of the network and we show that it is possible to synchronize the multi-agent system to the same state trajectory, while guaranteeing that two consecutive cloud accesses by the same agent are separated by a finite time interval.In the third part, we propose a family of distributed algorithms for coverage and inspection tasks for a network of mobile sensors with asymmetric footprints. We develop an abstract model of the environment under inspection and define a measure of the coverage attained by the sensor network. We show that the sensor network attains nondecreasing coverage, and we characterize the equilibrium configurations. The results presented in the thesis are corroborated by simulations or experiments.
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| 8. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 9. |
- Aleksandrova, Krasimira, et al.
(författare)
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Combined impact of healthy lifestyle factors on colorectal cancer : a large European cohort study
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1741-7015. ; 12:1, s. 168-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Excess body weight, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and certain dietary factors are individually related to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk; however, little is known about their joint effects. The aim of this study was to develop a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) composed of five potentially modifiable lifestyle factors - healthy weight, physical activity, non-smoking, limited alcohol consumption and a healthy diet, and to explore the association of this index with CRC incidence using data collected within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. METHODS: In the EPIC cohort, a total of 347,237 men and women, 25- to 70-years old, provided dietary and lifestyle information at study baseline (1992 to 2000). Over a median follow-up time of 12 years, 3,759 incident CRC cases were identified. The association between a HLI and CRC risk was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models and population attributable risks (PARs) have been calculated. RESULTS: After accounting for study centre, age, sex and education, compared with 0 or 1 healthy lifestyle factors, the hazard ratio (HR) for CRC was 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44 to 0.77) for two factors, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70 to 0.89) for three factors, 0.66 (95% CI: 0.58 to 0.75) for four factors and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.54 to 0.74) for five factors; P-trend <0.0001. The associations were present for both colon and rectal cancers, HRs, 0.61 (95% CI: 0.50 to 0.74; P for trend <0.0001) for colon cancer and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.53 to 0.88; P-trend <0.0001) for rectal cancer, respectively (P-difference by cancer sub-site = 0.10). Overall, 16% of the new CRC cases (22% in men and 11% in women) were attributable to not adhering to a combination of all five healthy lifestyle behaviours included in the index. CONCLUSIONS: Combined lifestyle factors are associated with a lower incidence of CRC in European populations characterized by western lifestyles. Prevention strategies considering complex targeting of multiple lifestyle factors may provide practical means for improved CRC prevention.
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| 10. |
- Asplund, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Simulated nitrogen deposition influences gastropod grazing in lichens
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ecoscience. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1195-6860. ; 17:1, s. 83-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lichens are often important photosynthetic organisms in oligotrophic environments where high-quality fodder plants are rare. A strong herbivore defence and/or low nutritional quality allows the accumulation of a high lichen biomass in such areas. However, it is not known how N deposition influences lichen palatability. This study analyzes possible changes in gastropod grazing preference after 3 months simulated N deposition on 3 foliose (Lobaria scrobiculata, Platismatia glauca, and Xanthoria aureola) and 1 pendulous lichen species (Alectoria sarmentosa). Lichens were daily irrigated in the field with rainwater containing 1.625 mM NH4NO3 from June to September, equivalent to a deposition of 50 kg N·ha-1·y-1. Irrigations applied at night, morning, or noon simulated different C-gain regimes. Afterwards in the lab, we offered 2 common lichen-feeding gastropods the choice between N-fertilized thalli and control thalli irrigated with artificial rainwater. The gastropods clearly preferred the unfertilized thalli of the 3 foliose species. For the pendulous A. sarmentosa, the gastropods preferred N-enriched thalli (irrigated at night) to controls. In conclusion, N-enrichment changes the palatability of lichens in species-specific ways.
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