| 1. |
- O'Gorman, Eoin J., et al.
(författare)
-
Impacts of Warming on the Structure and Functioning of Aquatic Communities : Individual-to Ecosystem-Level Responses
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Advances in Ecological Research, Vol 47. - : Elsevier. - 9780123983152 ; , s. 81-176
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental warming is predicted to rise dramatically over the next century, yet few studies have investigated its effects in natural, multi-species systems. We present data collated over an 8-year period from a catchment of geothermally heated streams in Iceland, which acts as a natural experiment on the effects of warming across different organisational levels and spatiotemporal scales. Body sizes and population biomasses of individual species responded strongly to temperature, with some providing evidence to support temperature size rules. Macroinvertebrate and meiofaunal community composition also changed dramatically across the thermal gradient. Interactions within the warm streams in particular were characterised by food chains linking algae to snails to the apex predator, brown trout These chains were missing from the colder systems, where snails were replaced by much smaller herbivores and invertebrate omnivores were the top predators. Trout were also subsidised by terrestrial invertebrate prey, which could have an effect analogous to apparent competition within the aquatic prey assemblage. Top-down effects by snails on diatoms were stronger in the warmer streams, which could account for a shallowing of mass-abundance slopes across the community. This may indicate reduced energy transfer efficiency from resources to consumers in the warmer systems and/or a change in predator-prey mass ratios. All the ecosystem process rates investigated increased with temperature, but with differing thermal sensitivities, with important implications for overall ecosystem functioning (e.g. creating potential imbalances in elemental fluxes). Ecosystem respiration rose rapidly with temperature, leading to increased heterotrophy. There were also indications that food web stability may be lower in the warmer streams.
|
|
| 2. |
- Blom, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Parallel Fluorescence Detection of Single Biomolecules in Microarrays by a Diffractive-Optical-Designed 2 x 2 Fan-Out Element
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 41:16, s. 3336-3342
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a multifocal diffractive-optical fluorescence correlation spectroscopy system for parallel excitation and detection of single tetramethylrhodamine biomolecules in microarrays. Multifocal excitation was made possible through the use of a 2 × 2 fan-out diffractive-optical element with uniform intensity in all foci. Characterization of the 2 × 2 fan-out diffractive-optical element shows formation of almost perfect Gaussian foci of submicrometer lateral diameter, as analyzed by thermal motion of tetramethylrhodamine dye molecules in solution. Results of parallel excitation and detection in a high-density microarray of circular wells show single-biomolecule sensitivity in all four foci simultaneously.
|
|
| 3. |
- Brodersen, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Short-and long term niche segregation and individual specialization of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in species poor Faroese lakes
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Environmental Biology of Fishes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0378-1909 .- 1573-5133. ; 93:3, s. 305-318
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trophic niche divergence is considered to be a major process by which species coexistence is facilitated. When studying niche segregation in lake ecosystems, we tend to view the niche on a one-dimensional pelagic-littoral axis. In reality, however, the niche use may be more complex and individual fidelity to a niche may be variable both between and within populations. In order to study this complexity, relative simple systems with few species are needed. In this paper, we study how competitor presence affects the resource use of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in 11 species-poor Faroese lakes by comparing relative abundance, stable isotope ratios and diet in multiple habitats. In the presence of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a higher proportion of the trout population was found in the pelagic habitat, and trout in general relied on a more pelagic diet base as compared to trout living in allopatry or in sympatry with Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Diet analyses revealed, however, that niche-segregation may be more complex than described on a one-dimensional pelagic-littoral axis. Trout from both littoral and offshore benthic habitats had in the presence of sticklebacks a less benthic diet as compared to trout living in allopatry or in sympatry with charr. Furthermore, we found individual habitat specialization between littoral/benthic and pelagic trout in deep lakes. Hence, our findings indicate that for trout populations interspecific competition can drive shifts in both habitat and niche use, but at the same time they illustrate the complexity of the ecological niche in freshwater ecosystems.
|
|
| 4. |
- Hermansson, Liselotte M. N., 1954-, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish normative data for the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure – SHAP
- 2014
-
Ingår i: MEC'14. - Frederiction, New Brunswick, Canada : University of New Brunswick; Fredericton, Canada. - 9781551311760
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Today there is an increasing awareness of the need for validated instruments in upper limb prosthetics outcome assessments. One of the instruments suggested is the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP). In order for the clinicians to know how to interpret the results from the assessments, norms for different age groups are needed. Previously, normative data for SHAP has been reported for an English sample and work is underway from Slovenia. However, norms are only available for people up to 75 years of age, and no normative data is available for Sweden. Hence, the aim was to collect data also from people age 75 and older, and from Sweden.Methods: Participants and procedure — 58 persons (md age 52.5, range 20-92 years) participated in the study. Participants were recruited among students at Örebro University, staff at Örebro University Hospital, and people attending a community-based centre for senior citizens. Inclusion criteria were self-determined normal hand-function and no hand-impairment at time of testing. Data was collected according to the standardized procedure in the manual, and by one single "assessor" an OT-student. Instrumentation — The SHAPconsists of 26 tasks: 6 abstract objects in both lightweight and heavyweight form, and 14 simulated ADL-tasks. All tasks are representing one out of six grip-patterns. The subject is instructed to start and stop the timer before and after performing the task. An overall score, the Index of Functionality (IOF), is calculated based on the resulting times.Results: Mean IOF was 96.7. One-way ANOVA with index of functionality as dependent variable showed a statistical significant difference in dominant hand function between age groups.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hubel, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
-
Latent anxiety and depression dimensions differ amongst patients with eating disorders : A Swedish nationwide investigation
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1049-8931 .- 1557-0657. ; 32:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveAnxiety and depression symptoms are common in individuals with eating disorders. To study these co-occurrences, we need high-quality self-report questionnaires. The 19-item self-rated Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale for Affective Syndromes (CPRS-S-A) is not validated in patients with eating disorders. We tested its factor structure, invariance, and differences in its latent dimensions.MethodPatients were registered by 45 treatment units in the Swedish nationwide Stepwise quality assurance database for specialised eating disorder care (n = 9509). Patients self-reported their anxiety and depression symptoms on the CPRS-S-A. Analyses included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) in split samples, and testing of invariance and differences in subscales across eating disorder types.ResultsResults suggested a four-factor solution: Depression, Somatic and fear symptoms, Disinterest, and Worry. Multigroup CFA indicated an invariant factor structure. We detected the following differences: Patients with anorexia nervosa binge-eating/purging subtype scored the highest and patients with unspecified feeding and eating disorders the lowest on all subscales. Patients with anorexia nervosa or purging disorder show more somatic and fear symptoms than individuals with either bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder.ConclusionOur four-factor solution of the CPRS-S-A is suitable for patients with eating disorders and may help to identify differences in anxiety and depression dimensions amongst patients with eating disorders.
|
|
| 6. |
- Johansson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
A tool for assessment of risk of bias in studies of adverse effects of orthodontic treatment applied in a systematic review on external root resorption
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 43:4, s. 457-466
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Systematic reviews (SRs) are considered to provide reliable estimates, but flaws in designs, methods of monitoring effects, and outcomes have the potential to bias results. There are several tools for assessing risk of bias (RoB), most of them designed for SRs of beneficial effects. To our knowledge, there is no tool that is adapted specifically to assess RoB in studies of adverse effects associated with orthodontic treatment. To address this, the aim of this study was first to introduce a tool for assessment of RoB in studies of adverse effects associated with orthodontic treatment and, second, to apply it in an SR of external root resorption (ERR) associated with orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The approach with domains supported by signalling questions was used for the tool. Domains and signalling questions were tailored to the review questions of the SR of studies of ERR after orthodontic treatment using periapical radiography or cone beam computed tomography. Duplicate study selection, data extraction, and RoB assessment using the tool, followed by meta-analyses, were performed.RESULTS: Using the tool for the assessment of RoB identified shortcomings and report deficiencies of primary studies concerning the presentation of orthodontic treatment, identification of ERR, and analysis of outcomes. RoB assessment resulted in 12 of 32 studies read in full text being included. Reported severe ERR varied across studies between 2 and 14 per cent for all incisors and 10 and 29 per cent for maxillary incisors. Results of ERR related to patients' age and sex, orthodontic diagnosis, and treatment were contradictory. Quality of evidence evaluated by GRADE was low due to study limitations, imprecision, and inconsistency of study results.CONCLUSIONS: As the tool and its application highlight important issues to consider when planning, conducting, and reporting research, the tool may have a valuable role for quality enhancement of future studies of outcomes of orthodontic treatment. The tool may also serve for authors when planning SRs. Our SR identified a need for studies that use rigorous methodology and transparent reporting.REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (ID = CRD42018084725).
|
|
| 7. |
- Johansson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
"I can walk briskly and talk at the same time" - effects of Expiratory Muscle Strength Training (EMST) on respiration and speech in multiple sclerosis
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology. - 1065-1438. ; 20:4, s. 70-76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a single-subject design (A1-B-A2) was used for five participants (P1-P5) with multiple sclerosis (MS) with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores of 2 to 8 who performed expiratory muscle strength training (EMST). During phase B (6 weeks), all five trained using a positive-expiratory pressure threshold trainer (PEPTT) with a maximum resistance of 20 cm H2O. P4 and P5, with lower EDSS scores (2 and 3), then trained using the "EMST 150" with a maximum resistance of 150 cm H2O (phase C). After EMST, all five participants increased their expiratory muscle strength and their vocal intensity. Pl, P3, and P4 increased their phonation duration. P2, P4, and P5 increased their vocal stability. During phase C, the increase in performance was more marked, particularly for P4, whose performance was stabilized and showed improvement for all speech parameters. It is possible that the forceful exhalations resulted in improved regulation of expiratory airflow and thus better coordination of respiration and phonation. All five participants reported positive effects of the intervention: better respiration, improved voice and speech, and increased communicative participation. The results of this study indicate a need to further investigate the effects of EMST in a larger group of individuals with mild MS and speech dyspnea, dysphonia, or dysarthria.
|
|
| 8. |
- Johansson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-reported pain during different phases of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance : A multi-centre randomized controlled trial in adolescents with crowding
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Orthodontics & craniofacial research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1601-6335 .- 1601-6343.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To compare self-reported pain levels across various treatment phases using passive self-ligating (Damon) and conventional (Victory) standardized fixed appliance systems.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adolescents (12-17 years old) with crowding and displaced teeth, planned for non-extraction treatment, were recruited from four orthodontic clinics. They were randomized into stratified blocks (1:1 ratio) using concealed allocation to receive Damon Q™ (34 boys, 28 girls) or Victory™ (39 boys, 31 girls). Pain and analgesic intake were assessed on seven different occasions with validated self-report questionnaires using a 10-grade scale.RESULTS: Of the 132 patients included, six were lost to follow up. Clinically relevant mean pain scores (≥4) were registered in both groups after bonding upper and lower arches and after insertion of 0.019 × 0.025 stainless steel archwire. The highest mean scores were reported on day two after bonding the upper arch (Damon 5.96, Victory 7.18, P = .011). In both groups, at least 40% reported taking analgesics during various treatment phases. The Damon group reported a lower intake of analgesics on days one and two (P = .042 and .037) after treatment initiation. In the entire sample, boys reported significantly higher mean pain scores than girls on the second and third days after bonding (P = .008 and .026, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Lower pain levels were reported from the Damon group after bonding. In general, boys reported higher pain than girls did. Clinicians and adolescents need to be aware that clinically relevant pain levels can be expected not only after bonding but also in later phases.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Johansson, Malin, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantitative relationships between pigment-related mRNA and biochemical melanoma markers in melanoma cell lines
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Melanoma research. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0960-8931 .- 1473-5636. ; 12:3, s. 193-200
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of melanoma-specific transcripts for the identification of circulating melanoma cells has shown very variable results in different studies on melanoma patients. We have therefore developed quantitative methods to study both analytical and biological variations as possible causes of this phenomenon. Pigment-related and S-100β transcripts were quantified in 12 different melanoma cell lines and related to the amounts of 5-S-cysteinyldopa, pigment and S-100B protein. A real-time PCR method was used and the results were expressed as absolute number of transcripts per cell. Tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, TRP-2 and MART-1/Melan-A mRNA varied from undetectable (< 10-4 transcripts/cell) to 103 transcripts/cell, i.e. by a factor > 107 in the different cell lines. S-100β mRNA varied from 2.8 to 165 transcripts/cell, i.e. by a factor of 60. Tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 mRNA correlated significantly with the amount of 5-S-cysteinyldopa, an intermediate pigment metabolite (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). The amount of S-100β mRNA correlated significantly with the amount of S-100B protein (P < 0.001). No cross-correlations were seen between the pigment-related and S-100-related analytes. We conclude that one reason behind the negative results of RT-PCR measurement of pigment-related mRNA may be that these transcripts are not always expressed in the particular cells present in the patient's blood. Furthermore, variation in the expression of the order of 107 must have great impact on the diagnostic sensitivity. Measurement of S-100β mRNA would be more sensitive, but the use of this transcript is hampered by its presence in the blood cells. © 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
|
|
