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- Devarakonda, Sravani, et al.
(författare)
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Low-grade intestinal inflammation two decades after pelvic radiotherapy.
- 2023
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - 2352-3964. ; 94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiotherapy is effective in the treatment of cancer but also causes damage to non-cancerous tissue. Pelvic radiotherapy may produce chronic and debilitating bowel symptoms, yet the underlying pathophysiology is still undefined. Most notably, although pelvic radiotherapy causes an acute intestinal inflammation there is no consensus on whether the late-phase pathophysiology contains an inflammatory component or not. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the potential presence of a chronic inflammation in mucosal biopsies from irradiated pelvic cancer survivors.We biopsied 24 cancer survivors two to 20 years after pelvic radiotherapy, and four non-irradiated controls. Using tandem mass tag (TMT) mass spectrometry and mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq), we charted proteomic and transcriptomic profiles of the mucosal tissue previously exposed to a high or a low/no dose of radiation. Changes in the immune cell populations were determined with flow cytometry. The integrity of the protective mucus layers were determined by permeability analysis and 16S rRNA bacterial detection.942 proteins were differentially expressed in mucosa previously exposed to a high radiation dose compared to a low radiation dose. The data suggested a chronic low-grade inflammation with neutrophil activity, which was confirmed by mRNA-seq and flow cytometry and further supported by findings of a weakened mucus barrier with bacterial infiltration.Our results challenge the idea that pelvic radiotherapy causes an acute intestinal inflammation that either heals or turns fibrotic without progression to chronic inflammation. This provides a rationale for exploring novel strategies to mitigate chronic bowel symptoms in pelvic cancer survivors.This study was supported by the King Gustav V Jubilee Clinic Cancer Foundation (CB), The Adlerbertska Research Foundation (CB), The Swedish Cancer Society (GS), The Swedish State under the ALF agreement (GS and CB), Mary von Sydow's foundation (MA and VP).
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| 2. |
- Eklund, Britta, et al.
(författare)
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Contamination of a boatyard for maintenance of pleasure boats
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Soils and Sediments. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-0108 .- 1614-7480. ; 14:5, s. 955-967
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The object of this study was to study a boat maintenance facility by investigating the degree of contamination and assessing how leachate water from soil affects organisms from three trophic levels. Materials and methods Surface and subsurface (20-cm depth) soil samples were collected in a typical boatyard (200 boats, 12,000 m(2)) at a 70-(station A), 90-(station B), 120-(station C) and 160-m (station D) distance from the shoreline. Three replicate samples, similar to 10 m apart, were taken at stations A, B and C, respectively, and one replicate was taken at station D (i.e. altogether 20 samples with 10 at surface and subsurface, respectively). The total copper (Cu), lead (Pb), tin (Sn) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were determined for all replicates. Pooled samples from the respective stations were used for analysis of organotin compounds, irgarol and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Leachate waters were produced from the pooled samples and used for toxicity testing with the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the macroalga Ceramium tenuicorne and the crustacean Nitocra spinipes. Results and discussion Very high concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn were detected, with maximum values of 16,300, 6,430 and 18,600 mg/kg dw, respectively. Organic hazardous compounds were found in high concentrations with maximum values of 37, 27 and 16 mg/kg dw for tributytin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT), respectively. All pollutants exceeded existing guidance values for both sensitive land use and less sensitive land use by several factors, in both surface and subsurface soil. The least and worst cases of total amount of TBT (12 000 m(2) and 0.2 m depth) were estimated to be 10 and 122 kg of TBT. Leachates were shown to be toxic in all three test organisms. Conclusions Several known hazardous pollutants were found in boatyard maintenance areas and they exceeded recommended guidance values by several factors. Leachates were shown to be toxic to test organisms of several trophic orders. This underlines that boat maintenance facilities in general should be better regulated to minimize further exposure to humans and spread of contaminants in the environment. The amounts of contaminants accumulated in these areas call for investigations of how remediation should be performed.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Lisen, et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive review on properties of tailings-based low-carbon concrete: Mechanical, environmental, and toxicological performances
- 2024
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Ingår i: Developments in the Built Environment. - : Elsevier. - 2666-1659. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With concrete’s key role in construction and infrastructure, the reduction of its carbon footprint is critical for addressing global carbon emissions. One strategy to reduce environmental impact from concrete production is to replace cement clinker or fine aggregates in concrete with industrial wastes. Mine tailings, being a high-volume under-utilized resource, possess properties making it suitable for use as a partial substitute for cement or fine aggregates. This review article provides an overview of the recent findings within the topic of tailings-based concrete (TBC). Many of the identified publications aimed to describe the mechanical performance of TBC, and to optimize the concrete mix with respect to the strength and durability. The recommended cement replacement ranged from 5 to 25% and the recommended fine aggregate replacement ranged from 20 to 60%. In general, the compressive strength was decreased with increasing use of tailings as a replacement of cement. For the use of tailings as replacement for fine aggregates, the correlation was more complex, normally the mechanical performance enhanced at low replacement levels, until it reached an optimum after which it decreased. CO2 savings for replacing fine aggregate with tailings were up to 12% and for the cement replacement up to 30%. When assessing the environmental performance, most of the publications did not account for the loss of its mechanical performance, which could lead to the risk of underestimating the environmental impact. This review not only provides a basis for understanding the mechanical, toxicological, and environmental performances of TBCs, but also links the perspectives together, unveiling the connections between them. Moreover, this review presents an organized overview of the topic of TBC and points out topics for future research.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Lisen
(författare)
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Methods for assessment of lead release from brass to drinking water
- 2012
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mässing är en legering som ofta används i dricksvattenapplikationer såsom kranar, blandare och kopplingar. Mässing innehåller små mängder bly (Pb) som under ogynnsamma förhållanden kan laka ur till dricksvattnet. Många faktorer styr denna urlakning, några av dem är vattnets sammansättning, drifttid, kontakttid, materialets sammansättning, produktens geometri, samt hur den behandlats och tillverkats. Exakt hur och i vilken grad dessa parametrar påverkar urlakningen av Pb från mässing till dricksvatten är inte känt. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att sammanställa den kunskap som finns angående Pb från mässing till dricksvatten, samt experimentellt jämföra tre metoder för godkännande av material; ett europeiskt materialtest, ett skandinaviskt typgodkännande samt ett amerikanskt typgodkännande. Studien visar att en produkt bedöms olika beroende på vilken metod den testas med och att resultaten från produkttester inte går att relatera till resultat i materialtest. De två produkttesterna visade sig ge olika resultat; samtliga prov klarade det skandinaviska testet medan inget prov klarade det amerikanska testet. Vidare visade sig det skandinaviskatestförfarandet för typgodkännande ha stora brister såsom låg repeterbarhet, bristande överensstämmelse med dricksvattendirektivets gränsvärde för Pb samt ett testvatten som sannolikt inte motsvarar ett worst-case. Slutsatsen är att olika testmetoder ger olika utfall, och att korttidstester inte kan användas för att förutspå resultat i ett långtidstest. Det nuvarande skandinaviska typgodkännandet tillåter inte en tillförlitlig långtidsbedömning av produkter.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Lisen, et al.
(författare)
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Study on Properties and Performance of Green Concrete
- 2023
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Ingår i: SynerCrete'23: International RILEM Conference on Synergising Expertise towards Sustainability and Robustness of Cement-based Materials and Concrete Structures. - : Springer. - 9783031332104 ; , s. 23-35
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conventional concrete (CC) is for decades the most used construction material worldwide thanks to its good properties such as high strength, high thermal mass, low noise transmission, and high fire resistance. Cement is an important component of CC. The cement industry is a significant source of emissions and accounts for roughly 8% of the world’s CO2 emissions today, which means all improvements that can be made within this single industry benefit the emissions reduction goals. Green concrete (GC) is the development in the field of construction technology, which offers a more sustainable and eco-friendly solution as a building material. GC deals with the mentioned negative issue of cement, since it offers new cementitious matrices where some part of the Portland cement of CC is being replaced by some supplementary cementitious materials, such as industrial by-products, agricultural wastes, or municipal wastes. This paper studies the properties, structural performance, and environmental benefits of GCs. The investigation is done through a literature review, identifying the knowledge gaps, and providing suggestions for further research. The results indicate that there is a good potential to significantly reduce the climate impact of CC by using alternative binder materials in GC.
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| 8. |
- Tjensvoll, Ingrid, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Suspension of TBT-contaminated sediment causes physiologicalstress in macroalgae and blue mussels
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tributyltin is a toxic compound that has been used in antifouling paint for boats andships. Due to the immediate toxic effects at very low concentrations it was banned in many countries in 1986. Due to its slow degradation it is expected to be stored in the sediment for many decades. This experiment simulated a small boat harbour with frequent resuspension events of TBT-contaminated sediment to measure the impacts onthe release, bioavailability and effects of tributyltin. Physiological stress responses were measured in two coastal species, the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, and the red algaCeramium tenuicorne. Response variables measured were respiration, ammonia excretion, clearance rate and survival rate (for mussels) and growth inhibition (for thealga). Resuspension released both dissolved and particle-bound TBT to the surrounding water and made it bioavailable for both organisms. There was a clear toxic effect of the highest concentrations and it was evident that both mussels and algae showed a fasterand more negative response when the sediment was suspended. Repeated or continuous exposure to suspended TBT-contaminated sediment can exert a risk to the organisms living in environments such as harbours.
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| 9. |
- Österblom, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific mobilization of keystone actors for biosphere stewardship
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The biosphere crisis requires changes to existing business practices. We ask how corporations can become sustainability leaders, when constrained by multiple barriers to collaboration for biosphere stewardship. We describe how scientists motivated, inspired and engaged with ten of the world’s largest seafood companies, in a collaborative process aimed to enable science-based and systemic transformations (2015–2021). CEOs faced multiple industry crises in 2015 that incentivized novel approaches. New scientific insights, an invitation to collaborate, and a bold vision of transformative change towards ocean stewardship, created new opportunities and direction. Co-creation of solutions resulted in new knowledge and trust, a joint agenda for action, new capacities, international recognition, formalization of an organization, increased policy influence, time-bound goals, and convergence of corporate change. Independently funded scientists helped remove barriers to cooperation, provided means for reflection, and guided corporate strategies and actions toward ocean stewardship. By 2021, multiple individuals exercised leadership and the initiative had transitioned from preliminary and uncomfortable conversations, to a dynamic, operational organization, with capacity to perform global leadership in the seafood industry. Mobilizing transformational agency through learning, collaboration, and innovation represents a cultural evolution with potential to redirect and accelerate corporate action, to the benefit of business, people and the planet.
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