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- Bauer, Patrik Maximilian, et al.
(författare)
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Inflamed In Vitro Retina : Cytotoxic Neuroinflammation and Galectin-3 Expression
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Disease progression in retinal neurodegeneration is strongly correlated to immune cell activation, which may have either a neuroprotective or neurotoxic effect. Increased knowledge about the immune response profile and retinal neurodegeneration may lead to candidate targets for treatments. Therefore, we have used the explanted retina as a model to explore the immune response and expression of the immune modulator galectin-3 (Gal-3), induced by the cultivation per se and after additional immune stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and how this correlates with retinal neurotoxicity. Methods Post-natal mouse retinas were cultured in a defined medium. One group was stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml, 24 h). Retinal architecture, apoptotic cell death, and micro- and macroglial activity were studied at the time of cultivation (0 days in vitro (DIV)) and at 3, 4 and 7 DIV using morphological staining, biochemical- and immunohistochemical techniques. Results Our results show that sustained activation of macro- and microglia, characterized by no detectable cytokine release and limited expression of Gal-3, is not furtherinducing apoptosis additional to the axotomy-induced apoptosis in innermost nuclear layer. An elevated immune response was detected after LPS stimulation, as demonstrated primarily by release of immune mediators (i.e. interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-6, KC/GRO (also known as CLCX1) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), increased numbers of microglia displaying morphologies of late activation stages as well as Gal-3 expression. This was accompanied with increased apoptosis in the two additional nuclear layers, and damage to retinal gross architecture. Conclusion We demonstrate that an immune response characterized by sustained and increased release of cytokines, along with an increase in Gal-3 expression, is accompanied by significant increased neurotoxicity in the explanted retina. Further investigations using the current setting may lead to increased understanding on the mechanisms involved in neuronal loss in retinal neurodegenerations. © 2016 Bauer et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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- Ekstam, Börje, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting risk habitats for the transmission of the small liver fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum to grazing ruminants.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Geospatial Health. - Naples, Italy : Global Network for Geospatial Health. - 1827-1987 .- 1970-7096. ; 6:1, s. 125-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multiple regression model was used to analyse if the structure of vegetation and soil patches in grazed units (pastures) can be used as explanatory variables to predict the prevalence of Dicrocoelium dendriticum, a common parasite of cattle and sheep, in grazing cattle stocks on the Baltic island of Öland in southern Sweden.The scale dependency was evaluated by comparing three levels of spatial resolution of patches. Prevalence data were obtained from slaughtered animals.Our models predict that the prevalence of D. dendriticum increases in grazed areas with woody vegetation, whereas moist and wet areas decrease parasite prevalence. The predictive power of the statistical models increased with increasing level of patch resolution. Approximately 42% of the variation in parasite prevalence (angular transformation) was explained by the areal proportion of vegetation types (4th-root-transformed).Based on the results obtained, we believe that our model strategy provides a rational and systematic tool to identify habitats that carry risk for D. dendriticum infection of ruminants, and that it can be applied to other parasites with similar life cycles such as Fasciola hepatica.
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- Holmberg, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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Frågedriven undervisning för att organisera normativa kunskapspraktiker i SO-ämnena
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordidactica. - : Karlstads universitet. - 2000-9879. ; :4, s. 124-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a mainly conceptual and argumentative article which presents a model for enquiry-based teaching (Swedish acronym FDU - frågedrivenundervisning). The purpose is to suggest and discuss how enquiry-based teaching can contribute to organising qualified subject teaching in history, religious education and social studies. This is dealt with through two sections. The first section presents a structure for enquiry-based teaching through tested teaching designs in the three subjects, and the second section discusses certain qualities of enquiry-based teaching that we argue should be maintained. Based on actual teaching and teachers' experiences of designing enquiry-based teaching, the article positions FDU as a subject didactic teaching model. Hordern's (2022) framework for normative knowledge practices forms the theoretical starting point for discussing FDU as a subject didactic model that can help teachers in designing, planning, implementing and evaluating qualified subject teaching.The article argues that FDU can be regarded as a normative knowledge practice that is characterised by the qualities of being enquiry-based, prospective, consistent, assessment-oriented, and continuous.
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- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Enquiries in history : Experiences from a professional development seminar series
- 2021
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Ingår i: Professional development 2 (papers).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the research project (financed by Swedish Institute for Educational Research) is to develop the enquiry method as an educational approach for teachers to develop students’ critical abilities. Enquiry is a student-active method with the potential to enhance students’ learning under the guidance and instruction from proficient teachers. Therefore, it requires high demands on teachers' academic and subject didactical knowledge. The project is a researcher-teacher collaborative study where around thirty teachers from three school subjects (history, religious education and social studies) have designed and tested enquiries. During the three-year project (2020-2023) three research questions will be addressed: 1) how the method works as a knowledge-generating approach for students in a Swedish school context, 2) what characterizes teachers’ competence to construct and teach enquiries, and 3) how this competence can be advanced within the framework of a professional learning community.We present the theoretical context for a professional development seminar series called Doing Enquiry, and empirical samples and experiences from its implementation including enquiries designed and performed by the history teachers. Starting from the IDM-framework (Swan, Lee, & Grant, 2018), this seminar series focuses on the collaborative construction of enquiries. A hypothesis for the seminar series was that it would be crucial to provide an opportunity to take the role of the teacher as well as being positioned as a pupil in the construction phase of an enquiry. So far, preliminary results will reflect on the second and third question. The results indicate that some elements in history teachers’ competences, that professional development can enhance, are particularly important, e.g., a systematic approach to the planning, implementation and teaching of an enquiry; using a shared subject didactic knowledge within a professional community; and, deep academic knowledge.
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- Johansson, Magdalena, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity and risk of first-time venous thromboembolism
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Sage Publications. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 26:11, s. 1181-1187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Physical activity may have a protective effect against venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between leisure time physical activity, occupational physical activity, and the risk of VTE in men and women separately.Methods: The population-based, prospective Venous thromboEmbolism In Northern Sweden (VEINS) cohort study included 108,025 participants of health examinations between 1985 and 2014. Physical activity data were collected by questionnaire. Participants were followed from health examination to first-time VTE event, death, emigration or the end of the study. All VTE events were validated by reviewing medical records and radiology reports.Results: During 1,496,669 person-years, 2054 participants experienced VTE. Women who performed leisure time physical activity at least once a week had a lower risk of first-time VTE (hazard ratio (HR) 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–0.98 after adjustments) compared with women with less or no physical activity. Furthermore, women with high occupational physical activity also had a lower risk of VTE (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.74–0.98). In men, there was no consistent association between either measure of physical activity and the risk of VTE.Conclusion: We found an association between increased physical activity and a lower risk of first-time VTE in women.
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- Maria, Johansson, et al.
(författare)
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Historiebruk
- 2021
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Ingår i: Puls SO 5. - Stockholm : Natur och kultur. - 9789127459854 ; , s. 24-27
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ett av målen i kursplanen för historia är att förstå hur historia används, och har använts, för olika syften och behov och av olika individer och grupper. Vanligen kallas detta historiebruk. Här följer en introduktion till historiebruk och förslag på hur man kan arbeta med det i undervisningen.
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