| 1. |
- Fridén, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a low-carbohydrate high polyunsaturated fat diet or a healthy Nordic diet versus usual care on liver fat content and cardiometabolic risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial (NAFLDiet)
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Previous trials have shown that plant-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in place of saturated fat reduces liver fat, a prerequisite for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The effect on liver fat from a novel “anti-lipogenic diet” replacing carbohydrates with PUFA or a healthy Nordic diet (HND) higher in whole-grains but lower in saturated fat has not yet been examined. Objectives: To investigate the effects on changes in liver fat (primary outcome) and other cardiometabolic risk factors after 12 months of follow-up in individuals with prediabetes or T2D from three different diet comparisons: a low carbohydrate high PUFA (LCPUFA) diet versus a HND, a LCPUFA diet versus usual care (UC) and a HND versus UC. Methods: A three-arm parallel ad libitum randomized trial was conducted. Adult men and women (n=148) were randomized to one of the three diet groups. Participants in all groups received key food items on a monthly/bimonthly basis. Liver fat and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed at baseline and after 12 months. Dietary adherence was assessed using weighed food diaries and objective biomarkers. General linear models were employed to estimate the intention-to-treat (ITT) effect. Results: Dietary adherence was high for all diet groups. Liver fat was reduced to a similar extent in the LCPUFA and the HND group compared to UC (-1.46% (95% CI: -2.42, -0.51)) and -1.76 % (95% CI: -2.96, -0.57), respectively. No difference in liver fat between LCPUFA and HND was observed. Body weight and HbA1c decreased more in the HND compared to the other diet groups whereas no differences were observed between LCPUFA and UC. Similar reductions in LDL-cholesterol were observed for the HND and the LCPUFA group compared to UC, but only the HND reduced triglycerides and C-reactive protein (CRP) compared with UC. No differences were observed for any other secondary outcomes.Conclusions: A LCPUFA diet and a HND both reduced liver fat as compared with UC. Given the sustained weight loss after the HND compared to the other groups, together with improvements in other cardiometabolic markers, the HND in particular seems to be useful for the treatment of T2D and NAFLD.
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| 2. |
- Kadi, Fawzi, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of one bout of endurance exercise on the expression of myogenin in human quadriceps muscle
- 2004
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Ingår i: Histochemistry and Cell Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0948-6143 .- 1432-119X. ; 121:4, s. 329-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular localisation of MyoD and myogenin in human skeletal muscle fibres as well as the possible alterations in the expression of MyoD and myogenin in response to a single bout of endurance exercise at 40% and 75% of maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2) max). Twenty-five biopsies (5 per subject) from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained before exercise, from the exercising leg at 40% and 75% of VO(2) max and from the resting leg following these exercise bouts. The tyramide signal amplification-direct and the Vectastain ABC methods using specific monoclonal antibodies were used to determine the exact location of myogenin and MyoD, to identify muscle satellite cells and to determine myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition. At rest, myonuclei did not express MyoD or myogenin. Following a single bout of exercise at 40% and 75% of VO(2) max, an accumulation of myogenin in myonuclei and not in satellite cells was observed in biopsies from the exercised leg but not in biopsies before exercise and from the resting leg. The number of myogenin-positive myonuclei varied among individuals indicating differences in the response to a single exercise bout. In conclusion, this immunohistochemical study showed that a rapid rearrangement of myogenin expression occurs in exercised human skeletal muscles in response to a single bout of exercise.
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| 3. |
- Noerman, Stefania, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Fasting plasma metabolites reflecting meat consumption and their associations with incident type 2 diabetes in two Swedish cohorts
- 2024
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Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 119:5, s. 1280-1292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Consumption of processed red meat has been associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), but challenges in dietary assessment call for objective intake biomarkers. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate metabolite biomarkers of meat intake and their associations with T2D risk. Methods: Fasting plasma samples were collected from a case–control study nested within Västerbotten Intervention Program (VIP) (214 females and 189 males) who developed T2D after a median follow-up of 7 years. Panels of biomarker candidates reflecting the consumption of total, processed, and unprocessed red meat and poultry were selected from the untargeted metabolomics data collected on the controls. Observed associations were then replicated in Swedish Mammography clinical subcohort in Uppsala (SMCC) (n = 4457 females). Replicated metabolites were assessed for potential association with T2D risk using multivariable conditional logistic regression in the discovery and Cox regression in the replication cohorts. Results: In total, 15 metabolites were associated with ≥1 meat group in both cohorts. Acylcarnitines 8:1, 8:2, 10:3, reflecting higher processed meat intake [r > 0.22, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.001 for VIP and r > 0.05; FDR < 0.001 for SMCC) were consistently associated with higher T2D risk in both data sets. Conversely, lysophosphatidylcholine 17:1 and phosphatidylcholine (PC) 15:0/18:2 were associated with lower processed meat intake (r < −0.12; FDR < 0.023, for VIP and r < −0.05; FDR < 0.001, for SMCC) and with lower T2D risk in both data sets, except for PC 15:0/18:2, which was significant only in the VIP cohort. All associations were attenuated after adjustment for BMI (kg/m2). Conclusions: Consistent associations of biomarker candidates involved in lipid metabolism between higher processed red meat intake with higher T2D risk and between those reflecting lower intake with the lower risk may suggest a relationship between processed meat intake and higher T2D risk. However, attenuated associations after adjusting for BMI indicates that such a relationship may at least partly be mediated or confounded by BMI.
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| 4. |
- Alm, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Detection and identification of protein isoforms using cluster analysis of MALDI-MS mass spectra
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 5:4, s. 785-792
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe an approach to screen large sets of MALDI-MS mass spectra for protein isoforms separated on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels. Mass spectra are matched against each other by utilizing extracted peak mass lists and hierarchical clustering. The output is presented as dendrograms in which protein isoforms cluster together. Clustering could be applied to mass spectra from different sample sets, dates, and instruments, revealed similarities between mass spectra, and was a useful tool to highlight peptide peaks of interest for further investigation. Shared peak masses in a cluster could be identified and were used to create novel peak mass lists suitable for protein identification using peptide mass fingerprinting. Complex mass spectra consisting of more than one protein were deconvoluted using information from other mass spectra in the same cluster. The number of peptide peaks shared between mass spectra in a cluster was typically found to be larger than the number of peaks that matched to calculated peak masses in databases, thus modified peaks are probably among the shared peptides. Clustering increased the number of peaks associated with a given protein.
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| 5. |
- Alves Lopes, Rui Miguel, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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A numerical study on the influence of crossflow transition on a marine propeller in open water
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ocean Engineering. - 0029-8018. ; 310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work studies the influence of crossflow transition modelling on the performance and flow field of a controllable pitch propeller. The simulations are performed for two different crossflow terms, and baseline simulations without crossflow transition are performed as well. The results show that in the absence of a crossflow term, the flow over the propeller blades is almost fully laminar. When a crossflow term is included, a significant part of the flow becomes turbulent, thus causing a decrease in the thrust and torque coefficients. The change in the propeller performance is also due to the absence of laminar flow separation near the trailing edge, which is prevented when transition occurs upstream of that location due to crossflow. The comparison between the two crossflow terms shows that one always leads to a larger extent of turbulent flow and earlier transition than the other, although this not always translates in lower thrust and torque, depending on the considered advance coefficient. This illustrates the delicate balance in the effects taking place on the pressure and suction side of the propeller blades, and the importance of correctly including crossflow effects in simulations of model-scale propellers.
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| 6. |
- Alves Lopes, Rui Miguel, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical assessment of surface roughness on a full scale propeller
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Marine Propulsors.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work addresses the performance of a full scale propeller in an open water setup for varying roughness heights, obtained with a RANS solver and the k-omega SST turbulence model. The application of roughness is done with wall functions and by resolving the boundary-layer. Two cases are considered for the same propeller geometry, one with and another without the anti-singing edge on the propeller blades. Baseline simulations without roughness are performed as well, and grid refinement studies are carried out to estimate the numerical uncertainty. The results showed that the influence of roughness is weak if wall functions are not used, whereas a significant decrease in thrust and torque is obtained if roughness is applied in conjunction with wall functions. The inclusion of the anti-singing edge leads to an increase in thrust and torque, but decrease in efficiency for low advance coefficients. The region of separated flow near the trailing edge of the propeller caused by the anti-singing edge is influenced by the roughness height, and is absent in the geometry without the anti-singing edge.
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| 7. |
- Alves Lopes, Rui Miguel, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Resistance Decomposition of a Self-propelled Ship in Full Scale
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The simulation of ships at full scale includes several physically challenging aspects for Computational Fluid Dynamics such as wall roughness [1], free-surface effects, and interaction effects (e.g. between the hull and propeller) when considering self-propulsion scenarios where the propeller is included. On the other hand, the high Reynolds number (around 10^9) observed in these flows results in a high computational cost for CFD, due to the thin boundary-layer that develops along the hull, requiring an extremely large cell count if wall functions are not used. A third obstacle lies in the lack of measured data to compare the results against [2], which makes validation of the results impossible. In this paper, the flow around the JoRes 1 vessel is considered, for which measured data at full-scale is available through the efforts of the JoRes project [3]. Several sets of simulations with the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations are performed for this geometry, with a focus on the friction and pressure components of the resistance: a self-propulsion setup, fully resolving the propeller, a double-body setup with the propeller, to shed some light on the resistance due to the waves and a double-body setup without the propeller, which will be used in order to investigate the propeller-hull interaction. Different approaches for the surface roughness are considered as well, and grid refinement studies are performed in order to quantify the numerical error. The distinct simulation setups will assist in understanding the relative importance of each aspect, and provide a clearer picture in the comparison of the results obtained in the complete self-propulsion simulations with the sea trial data. REFERENCES [1] J. Anderson, D. R. Oliveira, I. Yeginbayeva, M. Leer-Andersen and R. Bensow, “Review and comparison of methods to model ship hull roughness”, Applied Ocean Research, Vol. 99, (2020). [2] H. Jasak, V. Vukcevic, I. Gatin and I. Lolovic, “CFD validation and grid sensitivity studies of full scale ship self propulsion”. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 11, pp 33-43, (2019). [3] D. Ponkratov and G. D. Struijk, “JoRes JIP – a unique Joint Industry Project to close the knowledge gap on Ship Hydrodynamics”, Full Scale Ship Performance Conference, the Royal Institution of Naval Architect, London, UK, (October 2018).
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Jennie, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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In-Behind Performance of an Ice Classed Propeller in Model and Ship-Scale
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IX International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering, MARINE 2021.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A CFD study in both model and ship-scale is conducted to compare the in-behind performance of an ice classed to a conventional propeller. In ship-scale the performance degradation of the ice classed propeller in-behind is less than in open water. Through evaluation of the blades performance tangentially and radially in the wake it is observed that the ice classed blade is superior at very low load, the blunter profiles is less sensitive to negative angles of attack. Contrary, in model-scale a larger difference in performance is noted between the propellers in-behind than expected from open water performance. This is most probably related to differences in Reynolds number between model-scale open water and self-propulsion tests, the thicker profiles of the ice classed propeller makes it additionally punished by the low Reynolds numbers of the self-propulsion tests.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Jennie, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Propeller-hull interaction beyond the propulsive factors-A case study on the performance of different propeller designs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ocean Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0029-8018. ; 256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The propulsive factors are critical for scaling of model-test data, and hence important for the final power prediction. When comparing different propulsion systems based on model-scale tests, differences in propulsive factors, and hence the propeller-hull interaction, are often not well understood. In this study the propeller-hull interaction is instead described and compared using CFD for three different propulsion systems, a tip-unloaded ice-classed propeller, an ice-classed propeller with conventional radial load distribution and a non ice-classed propeller with conventional radial load distribution. To post-process the results KT/KQ is evaluated for one blade around a revolution and complemented with radial distributions of the same measure. Both tip-unloaded blades and sharp leading edges suffer in-behind due to poor performance at low load. Open water performance dependency on Reynolds number reveals that ice-classed propellers are more negatively influenced by the low Reynolds numbers of self-propulsion tests. Further, it is noted that a more even radial load distribution favours a low thrust deduction factor. Since the propulsive factors to a large extent are influenced by scale-effects and also due to that their association to the observed hydrodynamics makes the commonly applied scaling procedure of them questionable, they are not considered representative for ship-scale power prediction.
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| 10. |
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