| 1. |
- Ayatolahi, Fatemeh, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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A study of the impact of single bit-flip and double bit-flip errors on program execution
- 2013
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Ingår i: Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642407925 ; , s. 265-276
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental study of bit-flip errors in instruction set architecture registers and main memory locations. Comprising more than two million fault injection experiments conducted with thirteen benchmark programs, the study provides insights on whether it is necessary to consider double bit-flip errors in dependability benchmarking experiments. The results show that the proportion of silent data corruptions in the program output, is almost the same for single and double bit errors. In addition, we present detailed statistics about the error sensitivity of different target registers and memory locations, including bit positions within registers and memory words. These show that the error sensitivity varies significantly between different bit positions and registers. An important observation is that injections in certain bit positions always have the same impact regardless of when the error is injected.
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| 2. |
- Di Leo, D., et al.
(författare)
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On the impact of hardware faults - An investigation of the relationship between workload inputs and failure mode distributions
- 2012
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Ingår i: Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783642336775 ; , s. 198-209
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technology scaling of integrated circuits is making transistors increasingly sensitive to process variations, wear-out effects and ionizing particles. This may lead to an increasing rate of transient and intermittent errors in future microprocessors. In order to assess the risk such errors pose to safety critical systems, it is essential to investigate how temporary errors in the instruction set architecture (ISA) registers and main memory locations influence the behaviour of executing programs. To this end, we investigate - by means of extensive fault injection experiments - how such errors affect the execution of four target programs. The paper makes three contributions. First, we investigate how the failure modes of the target programs vary for different input sets. Second, we evaluate the error coverage of a software-implemented hardware fault tolerant technique that relies on triple-time redundant execution, majority voting and forward recovery. Third, we propose an approach based on assembly language metrics which can be used to correlate the dynamic fault-free behaviour of a program with its failure mode distribution obtained by fault injection.
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| 3. |
- Haas, Rüdiger, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Status of the Onsala Twin Telescopes – Two Years After the Inauguration
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 24th European VLBI Group for Geodesy and Astrometry Working Meeting. - 9788441656345 ; , s. 5-9
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We give a brief overview on the status of the Onsala twin telescopes (OTT), two years after their inauguration. The dierent components of the VGOS systems are briefly described, and the development towards routine operations.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Gun-Britt, 1956-
(författare)
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Synderskan och lagen: Barnamord i tre Norrlandslän 1830-1870
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ABSTRACTMany studies have been conducted on infanticide and child homicide. Researchers have approached the subject with different theoretical frameworks and explored it from different dimensions, geographical areas, and time periods. As much as the questions have varied so have the answers. This study contributes to greater clarity on the causes of infanticide. Despite numerous studies on the subject, there is still no consensus its causes. My aim has been to combine different strategies for understanding the subject. I have used material both from an aggregated level and from an individual level. The main question I sought to answer was whether social causes rather than individual factors force or trigger women to kill their newborn child? Court material also provides for an in-depth understanding of our history. The social sciences have frequently drawn sketches of the social world with big lines. These lines have been necessary and useful to point at large-scale transformations of civilisation and modernisation but, in terms of understanding real life, they can provide us with a foggy and even mistaken picture. When social scientists enter the historical archives and similar sources, we often blunder in its richness and variation. Society may, in any case, have always been complicated and the every day life for each person as well.My findings show that infanticide signals low tolerance. In general, the women did not want to kill their own children. Moreover, my findings, like the results of other studies before mine, demonstrate that women who carry out infanticide represent normal women. To my knowledge, there isn’t one study on infanticide that claims the women were not normal. Women who committed infanticide did so out of fear: fear of losing their social bonds. They killed their children if the existence of the bonds was endangered or threatened. Often social bonds were related to their work situation as maids in farming households. If they couldn’t stay in the household after having the baby, many women had no where else to go. Their parents – poor, elderly or deceased – were unable to help. Sometimes the social bonds were threatened by other factors, often related to the child’s father. If he was already married or had a close relation with the woman’s family, their relationship could in fact, break her bonds to her own family and other relatives. Some women already had an illegitimate child. With a child out of wedlock, they had a difficult time getting work and housing. If they got pregnant again and the father to the new child refused to marry her or to support the child, she could in fact lack any resources for handling the situation.Finally: the findings talk about honour and infanticide. It was always shameful to get a child out of wedlock. But demographic research from North of Sweden has shown that these children had almost the same chances of survival during their first year as legitimate children. Sexuality outside marriage was not respected but much discussion around honour was more related to how the women would manage with the child. In my findings, shame seems to be related to having no support. Extramarital relations were not accepted but people probably didn’t care to much about it as far as they managed on their own. Being rejected, helpless, not able to work and not able to take care of the child that was what shame was about.Keywords: Infanticide, child homicide, illegitimacy, social bonds, shame
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Junko, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Isolated limb perfusion with melphalan activates interferon-stimulated genes to induce tumor regression in patients with melanoma in-transit metastasis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oncoimmunology. - 2162-402X. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with high-dose melphalan is a treatment option for melanoma patients with metastasis confined to limbs (in-transit metastasis). The therapy entails a complete response (CR) rate of 50-70%. Cellular immunity is proposed to impact on the clinical efficacy of ILP, but the detailed aspects of ILP-induced immune activation remain to be explored. For this study, we explored the potential role of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) products, including CXCL10, CCL2, PD-L2 and IFN-gamma along with expression of their cognate receptors CXCR3, CCR4, CCR5 and PD-1 on lymphocytes, for the clinical efficacy of ILP. Patients with high serum levels of CXCL10, CCL2, PD-L2 and IFN-gamma were more likely to achieve CR after ILP. Additionally, the expression of CXCR3, CCR4 and CCR5 on T cells and/or natural killer (NK) cells was enhanced by ILP. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) secreted high levels of CXCL10, CCL2 and IFN-gamma in response to co-culture with melphalan-exposed melanoma cells in vitro. Activated T cells migrated toward supernatants from these co-cultures. Furthermore, melphalan-exposed melanoma cells triggered upregulation of CXCR3, CCR4, CCR5 and PD-1 on co-cultured T cells and/or NK cells. Our results suggest that constituents released from melphalan-exposed melanoma cells stimulate the ISG axis with ensuing formation of chemokines and upregulation of chemokine receptor expression on anti-neoplastic immune cells, which may contribute in ILP-induced tumor regression.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Tala läsa skriva
- 2013
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Ingår i: Johansson, V., Carling, G., & Holmer A. (red.) Språket, människan och världen. Människans språk 1-2.. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144083391 ; , s. 53-72
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Jan-Eric, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Tidtabelläggning : principer, tumregler och utfall
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport består av tre delar som ur olika perspektiv handlar om kapacitetstilldelning på järnväg. I rapportens första del beskrivs de principer och tumregler som används i avsaknad av det ideala instrumentet för att ta fram en tidtabell för varje nytt år. Ett centralt tillvägagångssätt för att hantera denna komplexa uppgift är att så långt som möjligt utgå från existerande tidtabell eftersom denna visat sig fungera i praktiken. Intervjuer pekar på att förhandskunskapen om denna prioriteringsordning kan påverka de ansökningar som lämnas, det vill säga att den eller de operatörer som från början vet att man kommer att ha lägre prioritet anpassar sina önskemål efter detta faktum.Rapportens andra del behandlar den del av prioriteringarna som avser balansgången mellan önskemål om att få bedriva trafik i förhållande till behovet av att få tillgång till banan för underhåll. En aspekt på denna del av problematiken är att Trafikverket tar på sig en central roll för att definiera behovet av tillgång till banan.Den tredje delen av rapporten använder data från tågplaneringsprocessen. Den centrala analysen syftar till att undersöka i vilken utsträckning olika operatörer och olika tågslag (person- eller godståg) beviljas de tåglägen som söks. Analysen indikerar att en stor del av de tåglägen som sökts i tågplanearbetet de senaste två åren också har beviljats.En avslutande diskussion pekar på att det kan finnas skäl att under vissa förutsättningar skapa utrymme för att också operatörer och entreprenörer kommunicerar direkt med varandra.
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| 8. |
- Sangchoolie, Behrooz, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Inject-on-Read and Inject-on-Write in ISA-Level Fault Injection
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2015 11th European Dependable Computing Conference, EDCC 2015. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781467392891 ; , s. 178-189, s. 178-189
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ISA-level fault injection, i.e. the injection of bit-flip faults in Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) registers and main memory words, is widely used for studying the impact of transient and intermittent hardware faults in computer systems. This paper compares two techniques for ISA-level fault injection: inject-on-read, and inject-on-write. The first technique injects bit-flips in a data-item (the content of a register or memory word) just before the data-item is read by a machine instruction, while the second one injects bit-flips in a data-item just after it has been updated by a machine instruction. In addition, the paper compares two variants of inject-on-read, one where all faults are given the same weight and one where weight factors are used to reflect the time a data-item spends in a register or memory word. The weighted injected-on-read aims to accurately model soft errors that occur when an ionizing particle perturbs a data-item while it resides in an ISA register or a memory word. This is in contrast to inject-on-write, which emulates errors that propagate into an ISA register or a memory word. Our experiments show significant differences in the results obtained with the three techniques.
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| 9. |
- Sangchoolie, Behrooz, et al.
(författare)
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A study of the impact of bit-flip errors on programs compiled with different optimization levels
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2014 10th European Dependable Computing Conference, EDCC 2014. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781479938032 ; , s. 146-157
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we study the impact of compiler optimizations on the error sensitivity of twelve benchmark programs. We conducted extensive fault injection experiments where bit-flip errors were injected in instruction set architecture registers and main memory locations. The results show that the percentage of silent data corruptions (SDCs) in the output of the optimized programs is only marginally higher compare to that observed for the non-optimized programs. This suggests that compiler optimizations can be used in safety- and mission-critical systems without increasing the risk that the system produces undetected erroneous outputs. In addition, we investigate to what extent the source code implementation of a program affects the error sensitivity of a program. To this end, we perform experiments with five implementations of a bit count algorithm. In this investigation, we consider the impact of the implementation as well as compiler optimizations. The results of these experiments give valuable insights into how compiler optimizations can be used to reduce error sensitive of registers and main memory sections. They also show how sensitive locations requiring additional protection, e.g., by the use of software-based fault tolerance techniques, can be identified.
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| 10. |
- Sangchoolie, Behrooz, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Benchmarking the Hardware Error Sensitivity of Machine Instructions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Workshop on Silicon Errors in Logic - System Effects (SELSE 9).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of an extensive fault injection study of the impact of processor faults that manifest as bit flip errors in instruction set architecture registers and main memory locations. The aim is to investigate if bit errors that propagate to the source registers or memory locations of a given class of machine instructions have a similar probability of generating undetected value failures (i.e., silent data corruptions) for different programs. The results show a fairly large variation in the error sensitivity over different programs for all classes of machine instructions, which indicates that the effectiveness of error mitigation techniques that target specific machine instructions may vary significantly for different programs.
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